Ukuqonda isigaba kwisandi kubalulekile ekuxubeni nasekulawuleni umculo.
Inqanaba lesandi limiselwa lixesha laso ngokubhekiselele kwezinye izandi, kwaye lichaphazela indlela isandi esiqondwa ngayo xa izandi ezininzi ziviwa kunye.
Le intshayelelo iya kunika isishwankathelo sengqikelelo yesigaba kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo kwisandi ukudala iziphumo ezahlukeneyo.
Inkcazo yesigaba
Kwimveliso yesandi kunye nokurekhoda, isigaba lubudlelwane bexesha elahlukileyo elikhoyo phakathi kwezandi zemithombo eyahlukeneyo. Isenokusetyenziswa ukuchaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaza amabini kwindawo ethile ngexesha. Xa sixoxa ngesigaba sokuqala, sihlala sicinga malunga nokubekwa kwe-microphone kunye nezigaba; nangona kunjalo, inokuqwalaselwa kuyo nayiphi na indawo apho imithombo yesandi emininzi idityaniswe kwindawo efanayo kubandakanywa ukurekhoda kwe-multitrack kunye nokuxuba okuphilayo ekusebenzeni komculo okanye ukuqinisa isandi.
Ubudlelwane besigaba bubandakanya idigri zexesha elihambelanayo, okuthetha ukuba umthombo ugxunyekwe kwelinye icala kwaye omnye ugxunyekwe kwelinye icala, i-180-degree eyongezelelweyo ye-angular offset ekubambeni kwexesha nayo iyasebenza phakathi kwabo. Oku kubangela nokuba kucinywe (okanye kuncitshiswe) iifrikhwensi okanye uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo (“isakhiwo”) apho iifrikhwensi ziphuculwa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiqondiso emibini isebenzisana njani enye ngokumalunga nesi siphumo kufuneka ihlalutywe kwigrafu (a impendulo rhoqo igophe). Olu hlobo lohlalutyo lunceda ukuchonga indlela imiqondiso emibini edibanisa ngayo kwaye ingaba idibanisa i-additively (idityaniswe kunye) okanye eyakhayo (kwisigaba) - nganye inikela kwinqanaba layo elilodwa okanye ukudala ukurhoxiswa okanye amanqanaba ongezelelweyo ngokuxhomekeke kwi-engile yabo ehambelana nomnye (ngaphandle- yesigaba). Igama elithi "isigaba" likwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuxoxwa ngobuchule be-miking emininzi kuba ichaza indlela ii-MICs ezisebenzisana ngayo enye kwenye kwaye zibopheleleka kwiindlela zokubeka iimic ezifana noqwalaselo lwe-X/Y.
Iintlobo zesigaba
Isigaba somqondiso wesandi sibhekisa kubudlelwane bexesha phakathi kweempawu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Xa amaza esandi amabini ekwisigaba, abelana ngobubanzi obufanayo, amaza kunye nobude. Oku kuthetha ukuba iincopho kunye nemikhombe yeliza ngalinye zenzeka kwindawo kunye nexesha elifanayo.
Isigaba sinokuchazwa ngokwezidanga, kunye ne-360 ° emele umjikelo omnye opheleleyo we-waveform. Umzekelo, umqondiso onenqanaba le-180 ° kuthiwa "uphelele" ngelixa enye ene-90 ° isigaba iya kuba "isiqingatha" sesigaba ukusuka kwimo yayo yasekuqaleni. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zobudlelwane besigaba:
-KwiSigaba: 180 °; zombini imiqondiso ihamba kwicala elinye ngaxeshanye
-Isiqingatha singaphandle kweSigaba: 90 °; yomibini imiqondiso isahamba kwicala elinye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo
-Ngaphandle kweSigaba: 0 °; isignali enye ibheka phambili ngelixa enye isiya ngasemva kanye ngexesha elinye
-Ikota yokuphuma kwesiGaba: 45 °; isignali enye iya phambili ngelixa enye isiya ngasemva kodwa iphuma kancinci kungqamaniso.
Ukuqonda ukuba ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wesigaba zinceda njani iinjineli zenze imixube engakumbi kunye nokurekhoda, njengoko zinokugxininisa izandi ezithile ukwenza iziphumo ezinomdla ze-sonic okanye amanqanaba okulinganisa kulo lonke umxube.
Indlela iSigaba esisichaphazela ngayo isandi
Isigaba yingcinga kwisandi enokunceda ekumiseleni ukuba isandi siviwa njani na. Inokongeza ukucaca kunye nenkcazo, okanye inokwenza udaka kunye nodaka. Ukuqonda umxholo wesigaba kunokukunceda wenze imixube yesandi esingcono. Makhe sijonge indlela isigaba esichaphazela ngayo isandi kwaye kutheni kubalulekile xa uvelisa isandi.
Isigaba sokurhoxiswa
Ukurhoxiswa kwesigaba kwenzeka xa amaza omsindo esebenzisana omnye komnye ebangela ukuba i-amplitude yesandi esidityanisiweyo irhoxise kwaye kwezinye iimeko ize iphele ngokupheleleyo. Kwenzeka xa amaza esandi amabini (okanye ngaphezulu) esandi esifanayo esiphuma kwisigaba esinye kwaye i-amplitudes yawo iphazamisana ngendlela engafanelekanga.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba elinye iliza likwincopho yalo ngelixa elinye lisezantsi kakhulu liya kudala ukucinywa, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwevolumu. Oku kunokubangelwa ziimakrofoni ezimbini nangaphezulu ezibekwe kufutshane kakhulu enye kwenye kwaye zicholaze izandi ezifanayo okanye ngenxa yokubekwa kwesixhobo ngaphakathi kwegumbi – umzekelo isiginkci esimi ngqo ecaleni kwe-amp yaso ngazo zombini. iifoto wenziwe wavuka.
Kuyenzeka kwakhona xa izithethi ezibini ezibekwe ngokusondeleleneyo zidlala isignali efanayo kodwa enye inverted (ngaphandle kwesigaba). Ngokuthetha ngokwethiyori, kufanele ukuba isavakala kuba ayizizo zonke iifrikhwensi eziya kuchaphazeleka kodwa utshintsho kwinqanaba lunokwenza kube nzima ukubhaqa. Ngokwenyani, nangona kunjalo, xa udibanisa izithethi ezininzi kunye unokufumana inqanaba elithile lokurhoxiswa ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ezibekwe kuyo - ngakumbi xa zisondelelene kunye.
Esi siphumo sinokubaluleka ekurekhodeni nalapho sinokusinceda siphucule ukubekwa kwe-mic ngokusivumela ukuba sive ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi izandi ezicinyiweyo xa ukuxhomekeka okuthile kusenzeka - njengendawo efanayo ye-mic ebamba umthombo wesandi omnye kodwa kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo.
Isigaba Shifting
Xa imithombo yomsindo emibini okanye ngaphezulu idityanisiwe (ixutywe) iya kusebenzisana ngokwemvelo, ngamanye amaxesha iphucula kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ikhuphisane nesandi sokuqala. Lo mcimbi waziwa ngokuba kukutshintsha kwesigaba okanye ukurhoxiswa.
Ukutshintshwa kwesigaba kwenzeka xa enye yezibonakaliso ilibazisekile ngexesha, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo okanye okonakalisayo. Uphazamiseko olwakhayo lwenzeka xa imiqondiso idibanisa ukukhulisa amaza athile okukhokelela kumqondiso owomeleleyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, uphazamiseko olutshabalalisayo lwenzeka xa imiqondiso emibini ingaphandle kwesigaba ibangela ukuba amaza athile arhoxise enye nenye ekhokelela kwisandi esithe cwaka.
Ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka okutshabalalisayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele nayiphi na i-offsets yexesha elinokwenzeka phakathi kwemithombo yesandi kunye nokulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokurekhoda zombini iingoma ezivakalayo ezihlukeneyo ngaxeshanye, usebenzisa umxubi ukuthumela ikopi yesiginali ukusuka komnye umthombo ngokuthe ngqo komnye umthombo ngokulibaziseka okuncinci, okanye ukwazisa ukulibaziseka okuncinci kwingoma enye de kube isiphumo esifunwayo sifezekisiwe. .
Ukongeza ekuthinteleni ukurhoxisa iifrikhwensi, ukudibanisa iingoma zesandi kukwavumela iziphumo ezinomdla ezinje ngomfanekiso westereo ngokucoca icala elinye ngasekhohlo nasekunene kunye nokuhluza ikama apho izandi eziphezulu nezisezantsi ziphuma kwiindawo ezahlukileyo kwindawo endaweni yokudibanisa kunye. kwigumbi elinikiweyo okanye indawo yokurekhoda. Ukulingwa ngezi nkcukacha zifihlakeleyo kunokudala imixube enamandla kwaye ebandakanyayo ephuma kuyo nayiphi na imeko ye-sonic!
Uhluzo lweKama
Uhluzo lwekama lwenzeka xa izandi ezimbini ezifanayo zezandi zixutywa kunye enye yezandi zilibaziseka kancinane. Oku kuvelisa umphumo osika amaza athile kwaye womeleze amanye, okukhokelela kwiipateni zokuphazamiseka ezinokuvakala zombini kunye nokubonwayo. Xa ujonge i-waveform, uya kuqaphela ukuphinda iipateni ezibonakala zinemilo efana nekama.
Xa olu hlobo lwesiphumo lusetyenziswa kwisandi, lwenza ukuba iindawo ezithile zivakale zibuthuntu kwaye aziphili ngelixa amanye amacandelo ebonakala evakala kakhulu. Uluhlu oluphindaphindiweyo lwe "comb" nganye luya kuxhomekeka kwixesha lokulibaziseka elisetyenzisiweyo phakathi kokulandelela / ukuxutywa kweempawu kunye nokulungiswa / ukusetwa rhoqo xa urekhoda / izixhobo zokuxuba.
Oyena nobangela uphambili wokuhluzwa kwekama kukungalungelelanisi kakuhle kwesigaba (xa isethi yezandi iphumile kwesinye isigaba) okanye iingxaki zeacoustic yendalo esingqongileyo ezifana nokubonakaliswa kweendonga, iisilingi, okanye imigangatho. Inokuchaphazela naluphi na uhlobo lwesignali yomsindo (izwi, isiginci okanye iigubhu) kodwa ibonakala ngokukodwa kwiingoma zomsindo kwii-studio zokurekhoda apho imiba engaphandle kwesigaba ixhaphake ngenxa yokungabikho kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso ezichanekileyo. Ukuphelisa ukuhluzwa kwekama kufuneka ulungise ukungahambi kakuhle kwesigaba okanye ezinye iziphumo zokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa unyango olufanelekileyo lwe-acoustic / uyilo kwiindawo zokurekhoda kunye nokujonga ukulungelelaniswa kwesigaba kwizigaba zokuxuba kwinqanaba ngalinye lomkhondo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu ngokulandelelana.
Indlela yokusebenzisa iSigaba ekurekhodeni
Isigaba yingcamango ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqonde xa urekhoda iaudio. Ichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kweempawu zomsindo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo. Yinto ebalulekileyo yobunjineli besandi njengoko ichaphazela isandi sokurekhoda ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa isigaba ekurekhodeni kunokukunceda wenze umxube wesandi sobuchule ngakumbi. Makhe sixoxe ngeziseko zesigaba kunye nendlela eyichaphazela ngayo inkqubo yokurekhoda.
Ukusebenzisa iSigaba Shifting
Ukutshintshwa kwesigaba kukuguqulwa kobudlelwane bexesha phakathi kwamaza amabini. Sisixhobo esiluncedo xa uxuba kwaye urekhoda izandi kuba ikuvumela ukuba ulawule inqanaba lemveliso, ibhalansi yefrikhwensi, kunye nemifanekiso kwimveliso yomsindo. Ngokutshintsha kwesigaba, unokutshintsha kwakhona umbala wethoni yesandi ngokuguqula umxholo wayo we-harmonic kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukufezekisa ukurekhoda okufunayo.
Ukutshintsha kwesigaba kwenza oku ngokolula okanye ukucinezela amaza ahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwizandi zesandi ukwenza isiphumo sokucoca. Esi siphumo sokucoca silawulwa ngokunyenyisa umahluko wexesha phakathi kwamajelo asekhohlo nasekunene wophawu olunye. Ngokulibazisa elinye lala matshaneli kancinane, unokwenza ipateni yophazamiseko eneziphumo ezinomdla kwimpendulo yefrikhwensi kunye nomfanekiso westereo wesandi.
Umzekelo, ukuba ubeka i-mono pad (inxalenye yebhodi yezitshixo) phambi kwesiginci se-acoustic kwaye uzithumele zombini kwiitshaneli zazo ezahlukeneyo kwi-interface yakho yeaudio, ziya kudityaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo kodwa zibe kwisigaba ngokupheleleyo-ithetha ukuba iya kudibanisa kunye ngokulinganayo xa iviwe kunye kwizithethi zombini okanye ii-headphones. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubunokwazisa inqanaba elibi le-180 yesigaba sokutshintsha kwisitishi esinye (libazise elinye ijelo ngokufutshane), la maza aya kurhoxisa ngaphandle; oku kunokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokudala ukuchasana neentlobo ezimbini zezixhobo ezinokungqubana ngokuhambelanayo xa zirekhodwa kunye. Ukongeza, naziphi na iifrikhwensi ezinokuthi zingabambi isandi osifunayo zinokuncitshiswa ngobu buchule kunye/okanye i-his engafunekiyo - okoko nje udlala nobudlelwane besigaba ngononophelo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusebenza kunye nesigaba kufuna uhlengahlengiso oluthambileyo lolungelelwaniso kuba nokulungelelana okuncinci kuya kuba neziphumo ezinzulu malunga nokulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokucinga kurekhodiweyo - kodwa okoko kusenziwa ngokufanelekileyo, kunokubangela uphuculo lwethoni ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili. enokufezekiswa ngaphambili.
Ukusebenzisa iSigaba sokurhoxisa
Ukurhoxiswa kwesigaba kuchaza inkqubo yokongeza iisignali ezimbini kunye ezinefrikhwensi efanayo, iamplitude kunye nokumila kwamaza kodwa zikwipolarity echaseneyo. Xa iimpawu zolu hlobo zixubene kunye, zinamandla okucima enye nenye xa i-amplitudes yazo ilingana. Oku kuziboleka kakuhle kwiimeko zokurekhoda njengoko inokusetyenziselwa ukuthulisa kunye nokwahlula izandi ngaphakathi kwengoma ngelixa ivumela izixhobo ezineempawu ezifanayo ukuba zihlale kakuhle kumdibaniso.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ukucinywa kwesigaba ngokuyilayo njengempembelelo kwisignali ngelixa urekhoda okanye udibanisa. Umzekelo, ukuba udibanisa ii-mics ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kumthombo omnye kunye ne-pan enye ngaphandle-kumbindi ngokulungelelanisa inqanaba lomqondiso ohambelanayo we-mic enye, ngoko ungenza utshintsho oluguqukayo kwisandi ngokurhoxisa iifrikhwensi ezithile kunye neempawu ezichaseneyo ezichaseneyo kwiindawo ezithile. ngexesha lokudlala. Oku kunokudala isiphumo sayo nayiphi na into ukusuka kumxube wesandi esibanzi ukuya kwisandi esigxininisekileyo esixhomekeke kwindawo obeka kuyo iimakrofoni zakho kunye nokuba ungenisa i-polarity kangakanani kwikhonkco labo lophawu.
Ubudlelwane besigaba phakathi kwezixhobo buya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha leeseshoni zokurekhoda. Ngokulungelelanisa zonke iingoma zesixhobo sakho komnye nomnye ngokwesigaba / polarity, iqinisekisa ukuba into nganye ihamba ngenkqubo yayo yokuhlaziya umntu ngamnye (uxinzelelo, i-EQ), akuyi kubakho naziphi na izinto zakudala ezivakalayo ezenziwe ngenxa yokucinywa okungalindelekanga phakathi. izinto ezirekhodiweyo xa zixutywa kunye. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iingoma zakho zinokulungelelaniswa kwesigaba esifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uzibethe phantsi kubalulekile ukuba ujonge imixube ecocekileyo enohlengahlengiso oluncinci lwe-EQ olufunekayo emva koko.
Ukusebenzisa iComb Filtering
Esinye sezicelo eziyimfuneko zesigaba sokurekhoda saziwa ngokuba "kukucoca ikama," uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwexeshana olunokuthi ludale izandi ezivakalayo phakathi kweengoma ezininzi okanye iimpawu zemakrofoni.
Esi siphumo senzeka xa isandi esifanayo sirekhodwa kusetyenziswa i-microphone ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu okanye iindlela zesignali. Uguqulelo olulibazisekileyo lwengoma luya kuba lungaphandle kwesigaba kunye nengoma yoqobo, okukhokelela kwiCancelational Interference (aka "phasing") xa ezi ngoma zimbini zidityanisiwe. Olu phazamiso lubangela ukuba iifrikhwensi ezithile zibonakale ngaphezulu kunezinye, zenza isitayile esisodwa se-eq yefrikhwensi kunye nemibala kuphawu.
Ukusebenzisa i-comb filtering kwimiqondiso yomsindo ngabom yinto eqhelekileyo ekurekhodeni useto lwesitudiyo. Idla ngokusetyenziswa xa injineli ifuna ukongeza ithowuni eyahlukileyo kwisixhobo, indawo yelizwi okanye umxube onjengesenzi ngokusebenzisa 'ukufakwa kwemibala'. Ukufezekisa esi sandi sahlukileyo kufuna ukuguqulwa ngononophelo kwe-microphone kunye nokulinganisela komqondiso kunye nokulibaziseka okudityaniswe nemiqondiso ekrwada eyomileyo ephikisa ubuchule bokulinganisa obuqhelekileyo obusekwe kwi-static frequency boosts/ukusikwa kwiingoma/iitshaneli zomntu ngamnye.
Ngelixa ifuna ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezicingisisiweyo kunye nokwenziwa ngobuchule, olu hlobo lokulinganisa lunokunceda ukuzisa ubomi kunye nomlingiswa kwi-audio leyo i-EQ yesintu ihlala ingenako ukubonelela. Ngokuqonda ngcono indlela isigaba esisebenza ngayo, uya kuba usendleleni eya ekubeni yingcali 'yombala'!
isiphelo
Isigaba sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubunjineli obuvakalayo kunye nemveliso. Ukusuka ekulungiseni ixesha lengoma enye ukuze ilingane ngokugqibeleleyo nenye ukuya ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amazwi kunye nesiginkci sigqame kumxube, ukuqonda indlela yokusisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo kunokongeza inani elimangalisayo lokucaca, ububanzi kunye nokuthungwa kwimixube yakho.
Isishwankathelo, isigaba simalunga nexesha kunye nendlela isandi sakho esinxibelelana ngayo nezinye izandi ukuba iindawo zazo zokuqala zicinywe omnye komnye ngaphantsi kwe-millisecond. Akusoloko kulula njengokongeza ulibaziseko okanye isenzi; ngamanye amaxesha kuluncedo ukulungelelanisa ixesha leengoma ezahlukeneyo kunokuba nje ithoni okanye amanqanaba abo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo into eyenzekayo phakathi kwezithethi, kwakhona! Nje ukuba uqonde ukuba isigaba sisebenza njani kwaye wenze umzamo owongezelelekileyo wokuwulungisa umkhondo wakho uya kuqalisa ukuvakala umhle kungekudalanga.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
