Ngaphezulu microphone zezo zisetyenziselwa ukurekhodwa kwesandi kunye nokuveliswa kwesandi esiphilayo ukucholaza izandi ze-ambient, ezidlulayo kunye nomxube opheleleyo wezixhobo. Zisetyenziswa ekurekhodweni kwegubu ukuphumeza a umfanekiso westereo yekhithi yegubu epheleleyo, kunye noshicilelo lweokhestra ukwenza ushicilelo olulinganayo lwestereo yeeokhestra ezipheleleyo okanye ikwayara.
Ke, makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni imakrofoni engaphezulu kwaye isetyenziswa njani. Ukongeza, ezinye iingcebiso zokukhetha eyona ilungileyo kuwe.
Ukuqonda iiMikrofoni eziPhezulu: Isikhokelo esiBanzi
I-microphone ephezulu luhlobo lwe-microphone ebekwe ngaphezu kwezixhobo okanye abadlali ukuba babambe isandi kude. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokurekhoda kunye nokuqinisa isandi esiphilayo, ngakumbi kwiikiti zegubu, iikwayala, kunye neeokhestra.
Loluphi uhlobo lwemakrofoni engaphezulu onokuthi uyikhethe?
Xa ukhetha imakrofoni ephezulu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali: Iimayikrofoni ezingaphezulu zisusela kwiimodeli ezifikelelekayo ukuya kwezona maxabiso aphezulu axabisa amawaka eedola.
- Uhlobo: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemakrofoni ezingaphezulu, kubandakanywa i-condenser kunye ne-microphone eziguquguqukayo.
- Igumbi: Qwalasela ubungakanani kunye ne-acoustics yegumbi oza kube urekhoda okanye ufota kulo.
- Isixhobo: Ezinye ii-microphone eziphezulu zifaneleka ngcono kwizixhobo ezithile.
- Ukwenza ifilimu okanye isandi esiphilayo: Iimakrofoni zangaphandle zeekhamera, iidrone, kunye neekhamera ze-DSLR zahlukile kwezo zisetyenziselwa ukomeleza isandi esiphilayo.
Imizekelo yeeMikrofoni eziPhezulu eziGqwesileyo
Ezinye zeemakrofoni ezingcono kakhulu ezikhoyo kwimarike ziquka:
- I-Audio-Technica AT4053B
- Shure KSM137/SL
- AKG Pro Audio C414 XLII
- ISennheiser e614
- Neumann KM 184
Ukuma kweMicrophone ngaphezulu
Iimakrofoni ezingaphezulu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo naliphi na iseto lokurekhoda igubu. Ukubekwa kwezi microphone kubalulekile ekubambeni ibhalansi elungileyo yesandi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ekhithi yegubu. Kweli candelo, siza kuxoxa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukubeka umbhobho ongaphezulu.
Umgama kunye nokuBekwa
Umgama kunye nokubekwa kwee-microphone ezingaphezulu kunokuchaphazela kakhulu isandi se-drum kit. Nazi iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ziinjineli:
- Izibini ezinezithuba: Imakrofoni ezimbini ezibekwe ngokulinganayo ukusuka kwigubu lemgibe, zijonge ezantsi ukuya kwikhithi.
- Isibini esiQhelekileyo: Imakrofoni ezimbini zibekwe kufutshane kunye, zijikwe kwii-degrees ezingama-90, kwaye zijonge ezantsi ukuya kwikhithi.
- Indlela yokuRekhoda: Iimakrofoni ezimbini ezibekwe ngaphezulu kwekhithi, enye imakrofoni ibekwe phezu kwegubu lomgibe kwaye enye imakrofoni ibekwe ngasemva, ngaphezulu kwentloko yomdlali wedrama.
- Indlela yeGlyn Johns: Iimakrofoni ezine ezibekwe malunga nekhithi yegubhu, ezineentloko ezimbini ezibekwe ngaphezulu kweesimbali kunye neemicrophone ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ezibekwe kufutshane nomgangatho, ezijolise kumgibe kunye ne-bass drum.
Ukhetho loBuqu kunye nobuGcisa
Ukubekwa kwee-microphone eziphezulu zihlala zisekwe kukhetho lomntu kunye nesandi esithile injineli ezama ukuyifumana. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezongezelelweyo ezinokusebenzisa iinjineli:
- Ukutsala okanye ukutyhalela ii-microphone kufutshane okanye kude kude nekiti ukulungelelanisa ibhalansi yesandi.
- Ukujolisa imakrofoni kumacandelo athile ekhithi, njengomgibe okanye imigqomo yetom.
- Ukusebenzisa imakrofoni yomkhombandlela ukubamba umfanekiso obanzi okanye ophakathi kakhulu westereo.
- Ukunqumamisa iimakrofoni kumaqela, anje ngolungiselelo lweDecca Tree okanye ukuseta iiokhestra, ngakumbi kumanqaku efilimu.
Ukusetyenziswa kweMic ngaphezulu
Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo kwiimakrofoni ezingaphezulu kukurekhoda amagubu. Ibekwe ngaphezulu kwekhithi yegubu, ii-mics ezingaphezulu zibamba sonke isandi sekiti, zibonelela ngokucofa okubanzi nokuchanekileyo kwesandi. Oku kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isixhobo ngasinye silungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kumxube. Imakrofoni yeCondenser yeyona nto ilungileyo kolu hlobo lokurekhoda, njengoko zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwefrikhwensi kunye nomgangatho wesandi obalaseleyo. Ezinye iibrendi ezidumileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uthengela ii-mics ezingaphezulu zokurekhoda igubu ziquka i-Rode, iShure, kunye ne-Audio-Technica.
Ukurekhoda izixhobo ze-Acoustic
Iimakrofoni ezingaphezulu zikwaqhele ukusetyenziswa ukurekhoda izixhobo ze-acoustic ezifana neziginkci, ipiyano, kunye neentambo. Ibekwe ngaphezulu kwesixhobo, ezi mics zivumela i-pickup yendalo kunye nesandiso sesandi, ukuphucula umgangatho opheleleyo wokurekhoda. Imakrofoni ye-Condenser yeyona nto ilungileyo kolu hlobo lokurekhoda, njengoko zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lokuphindaphinda kunye nokucofa okuchanekileyo kwesandi. Ezinye iibrendi ezidumileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uthengela ii-mics ezingaphezulu zokurekhoda isixhobo se-acoustic ziquka i-Rode, iShure, kunye ne-Audio-Technica.
Live Ukomelezwa kwesandi
Ii-microphone ezingaphezulu zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekomelezeni isandi esiphilayo. Bebekwe ngaphezu kweqonga, banokubamba isandi sonke sebhendi okanye i-ensemble, ibonelela nge-pickup ebanzi nechanekileyo yesandi. Imakrofoni eDynamic ngokuqhelekileyo lolona khetho lulungileyo kolu hlobo lwesicelo, njengoko ziyilelwe ukuphatha amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi kwaye azikhathazeki kangako kwingxolo engafunekiyo. Ezinye iibrendi ezidumileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uthengela ii-mics ezingaphezulu zokomeleza isandi esiphilayo ziquka iShure, iAudio-Technica, kunye neSennheiser.
Ukuveliswa kwevidiyo
Iimakrofoni ezingaphezulu zinokusetyenziswa kwimveliso yevidiyo ukubamba iaudio ekumgangatho ophezulu kwincoko yababini kunye nezinye izandi. Zibekwe kwi-boom pole okanye i-stand, zinokuthi zibekwe ngaphezu kwabadlali okanye izifundo ukuze zinike i-pickup ecacileyo nechanekileyo yesandi. Imakrofoni yeCondenser yeyona nto ilungileyo kolu hlobo lwesicelo, njengoko zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamaza kunye nomgangatho wesandi obalaseleyo. Ezinye iibrendi ezidumileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uthengela ii-mics ezingaphezulu kwimveliso yevidiyo ziquka iRode, iAudio-Technica, kunye neSennheiser.
Ukukhetha uMic oPhezulu oPhezulu
Xa ukhetha imakrofoni ephezulu, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kubandakanya uhlobo lwemakrofoni, ubungakanani kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwemakrofoni, kunye neemfuno ezithile zesicelo. Ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzijonge xa uthengela ii-mics ezingaphezulu ziquka:
- Uluhlu olubanzi lwamaza
- Ukuthathwa kwesandi ngokuchanekileyo
- Ingxolo ephantsi
- Iinketho zokubeka ezininzi
- Indawo yexabiso elifikelelekayo
Ezinye iibrendi ezidumileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uthengela ii-mics ezingaphezulu zibandakanya iRode, iShure, iAudio-Technica, kunye neSennheiser. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando lwakho kwaye ufunde uphononongo oluvela kwabanye abantu ukuze ufumane eyona mic iphezulu kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.
Iindidi zeeMikrofoni eziPhezulu
Iimakrofoni zeCondenser ziyaziwa ngobuntununtunu kunye nokuchaneka kwazo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olukhulu lokubamba iinkcukacha kunye nobutyebi bezixhobo ze-acoustic. Beza kuyilo olwahlukileyo kwaye babonisa iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha, kubandakanya i-cardioid, i-omnidirectional, kunye ne-XNUMX. Ezinye zezona mics zibalaseleyo zecondenser zokurekhoda ngaphezulu ziquka:
- I-Rode NT5: Le seti efikelelekayo ye-condenser mics ehambelanayo inikezela ngokuphendula rhoqo rhoqo kunye nesihluzo esitshintshekayo sokupasa okuphezulu ukunciphisa ingxolo engafunekiyo ephantsi. Zifanelekile kwi-drum overheads, i-guitar amps, kunye nemidlalo ye-solo.
- Shure SM81: Le mikrolo yecondenser yaziwayo yaziwa ngeenkcukacha zayo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokucaca, iyenza ibe lukhetho lokukhetha ukurekhodwa kwestudiyo kunye nemidlalo edlalwayo. Ibonisa ipateni ye-cardioid pickup kunye ne-switchable low-frequency roll-off ukuphucula umgangatho wesandi ngokubanzi.
- I-Audio-Technica AT4053B: Le mic ye-condenser eguquguqukayo inee-capsules ezintathu ezinokutshintshelwa (i-cardioid, i-omnidirectional, kunye ne-hypercardioid) ukuvumela iipateni ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha kunye neziphumo zokusondela. Ilungile ukubamba amazwi, amagubu, kunye nezixhobo ezivakalayo ngokuchaneka nangokulula.
IMibhobho yeMibhobho yeDynamic
Iimakrofoni ezinamandla ziyaziwa ngokuqina kwazo kunye nokufikeleleka kwazo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo lwemidlalo edlalwayo kunye neentloko zegubu. Abanovakalelo oluncinci kune-condenser mics, kodwa banokuphatha amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ezinye zezona mics zinamandla zokurekhoda ngaphezulu ziquka:
- Shure SM57: Lo mzobo unamandla oguquguqukayo waziwa ngokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina, oko kuyenza ibe yeyona nto iphambili kuyo nayiphi na ikhithi yezixhobo zomculo. Kukulungele ukubamba isandi se-guitar amps, iigubhu, kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye nokusebenza okuhambelanayo kunye nokuthembekileyo.
- I-Sennheiser e604: Le mic eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo yenzelwe ngokukodwa imiphezulu yegubu, kunye noyilo lwekliphu oluvumela ukubekwa lula kunye nepateni ye-cardioid pickup eyahlula isandi segubu kwezinye izixhobo. Inika ixabiso elikhulu lemali kwaye ingasetyenziselwa umboniso ophilayo kunye nokurekhoda kwe studio.
- I-AKG Pro Audio C636: Le mic yesiphelo esiphezulu ibonakalisa uyilo olulodwa oluvumela ukwaliwa kwengxelo ekhethekileyo kunye nempendulo ebanzi. Kuhle ukubamba iinuances zamazwi kunye nezixhobo ze-acoustic ezinesandi esityebileyo nesineenkcukacha.
Ukukhetha eyona mibhobho yeMikrofoni ePhakamileyo
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni eyona mikrofoni idrum ephezulu, kufuneka uqwalasele ibhajethi yakho kunye neemfuno. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeemakrofoni ezingaphezulu ezikhoyo kwimarike, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neenzuzo. Ezinye zibiza kakhulu kunezinye, ngoko kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yimalini ozimisele ukuyisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Qonda Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeMikrofoni eziPhezulu
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeemakrofoni ezingaphezulu: i-condenser kunye ne-dynamic. Ii-microphone ze-Condenser zinovakalelo ngakumbi kwaye zinika isandi sendalo ngakumbi, ngelixa ii-microphone eziguquguqukayo zibuthathaka kwaye zingcono ekuphatheni amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zemakrofoni phambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.
Qwalasela uphawu kunye noPhononongo
Xa ukhetha imakrofoni engaphezulu kwegubu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uphawu kwaye ufunde uphononongo oluvela kwabanye abasebenzisi. Ezinye iibrendi zithathwa ngokubanzi njengezona zibalaseleyo kushishino, ngelixa ezinye zinokubonelela ngexabiso elingcono ngexabiso. Uphononongo lokufunda lungakunika umbono olungileyo wendlela imakrofoni ethile esebenza ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Khangela ukuSebenza okuchukumisayo kunye noKwakha
Xa ukhetha imakrofoni engaphezulu kwegubu, ufuna ukukhangela enye ebonelela ngokusebenza okunomtsalane kunye nolwakhiwo. I-microphone efanelekileyo kufuneka ikwazi ukuthabatha zonke iinqununu zezixhobo ezidlalwayo, kwaye kufuneka zibe nethoni epholileyo kunye nendalo. Ukwakhiwa kwe-microphone kufuneka kube yinto eqinile kwaye yakhiwe ukuhlala.
Khetha uhlobo oluLungileyo lweMicrophone kuHlobo lwakho kunye nesimbo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomculo zifuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemakrofoni. Umzekelo, ukuba udlala umculo we-rock, unokufuna imakrofoni enobundlongondlongo kwaye ekwaziyo ukuphatha amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi. Ukuba udlala i-jazz okanye umculo weklasikhi, unokufuna imakrofoni engathathi hlangothi kwaye ikwazi ukubamba iinuances ezifihlakeleyo zezixhobo ezidlalwayo.
Qwalasela iPhantom Power kunye noQhagamshelwano lwe-XLR
Uninzi lweemakrofoni ezingaphezulu zifuna amandla e-phantom ukuze asebenze, okuthetha ukuba kufuneka zifakwe kwi-mixer okanye i-audio interface enokubonelela ngala mandla. Kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba umxubi wakho okanye ujongano lweaudio lunamandla e-phantom ngaphambi kokuba uthenge imakrofoni. Ukongeza, uninzi lweemakrofoni ezingaphezulu zisebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-XLR, ke qiniseka ukuba umxube wakho okanye ujongano lweaudio lunamagalelo e-XLR.
Ungoyiki Ukuzama iiMicrophone ezahlukeneyo
Okokugqibela, ungoyiki ukuzama ii-microphone ezahlukeneyo ukuze ufumane eyona isebenza kakuhle kuwe. Wonke umntu obetha igubu kunye nekhithi yegubu yahlukile, ngoko ke into esebenzayo komnye umntu isenokungasebenzi komnye. Kubalulekile ukufumana imakrofoni ehlangabezana neemfuno zakho ezithile kwaye ivakala kakuhle ngezixhobo zakho.
isiphelo
Ke, unayo - yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga neemakrofoni ezingaphezulu.
Unokuzisebenzisa ukurekhoda amagubu, iikwayala, iiokhestra, kunye neekatala kunye neepiyano. Zikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni ifilim kunye nokuveliswa kwevidiyo ukubamba iaudio ekumgangatho ophezulu kwincoko yababini. Ke, ungoyiki ukuya ngaphezulu!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
