ULeo Fender, owazalwa uClarence Leonidas Fender ngo-1909, lelinye lawona magama anempembelelo kwimbali yeziginkci.
Wenze inani lezixhobo ze-iconic ezenza ilitye lembombo loyilo lwegitare yombane yanamhlanje.
Iziginci zakhe ziseta ithoni yoguqulo lwe-rock kunye ne-roll kude ne-acoustic, abantu bendabuko kunye ne-blues ukuya kwisandi esikhulu, ukugqwesa okuzalisa isandi.
Impembelelo yakhe kumculo isenokuviwa nanamhlanje kwizigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele kwaye indalo yakhe isafunwa kakhulu ngabaqokeleli.
Kweli nqaku siza kujonga zonke iimodeli zakhe eziphambili zikatala kunye neenkampani awayenoxanduva kuzo kunye nefuthe lakhe kumculo wezixhobo kunye nenkcubeko xa iyonke.
Siza kuqala ngokujonga inkampani yakhe yokuqala- ifenda I-Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC), eyasekwa ngo-1946 xa wayedibanisa iinxalenye zesiginci zibe yipakethe epheleleyo yesiginci sombane. Kamva waseka ezinye iinkampani ezininzi kuquka Umntu woMculo, I-G&L Izixhobo zoMculo, i-FMIC Amplifiers kunye neProto-Sound Electronics. Impembelelo yakhe inokubonwa kwiimveliso zale mihla ze-boutique ezifana nee-Suhr Custom Guitars & Amplifiers abasebenzisa ezinye zeendlela zakhe zoyilo lwantlandlolo namhlanje ukuvelisa okwazo okwahlukileyo kwiingoma zakudala.
Iminyaka yokuqala kaLeo Fender
ULeo Fender wayeyingqondi kwaye wayengomnye wamanani anempembelelo kumculo nakwimbali yesiginci. Uzalelwe eCarlifonia ngo-1909, waqala ukusebenzisana ne-elektroniki ngelixa wayefunda kwisikolo esiphakathi kwaye kungekudala wafumana umdla omkhulu ekusebenzeni ngezixhobo zokukhulisa umculo kunye nezinye izixhobo. Kwasekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, uLeo Fender wenza iamplifier awayibiza ngokuba yiFender Radio Service, kwaye le yayiyimveliso yokuqala ayithengisayo. Oku kwalandelwa liqela lezinto ezenziweyo zikatala eza kuthi ekugqibeleni zibe zezona modeli zidumileyo kwihlabathi.
Ukuzalwa Nobomi Bakwangoko
ULeo Fender wayengomnye wabo abaqambi ababalaseleyo bezixhobo zomculo, kuquka isiginci sombane kunye neebhasi zombane eziqinileyo. Wazalwa njengoClarence Leonidas Fender ngo-1909, kamva walitshintsha igama lakhe laba nguLeo ngenxa yokubhideka kwindlela yokubiza amagama. Esengumfana, wafumana imisebenzi eliqela kwindawo yokulungisa oonomathotholo waza wathengisa amanqaku ukuze arhwebe ngamaphephancwadi. Akuzange kube kudala waseka iFender Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC) ngo-1945 apho wafumana udumo kunye nokuvunywa kwihlabathi jikelele.
Iigitare zeFender zawuguqula umculo odumileyo ngesandi esonyuswe ngombane esikhuphisana nezixhobo ze-acoustic, nangona ngaphambi ko-1945 ukukhulisa isixhobo esinombane akuzange kuviwe. I-Fender ivela kwimvelaphi yabasebenzi basezimayini bamalahle base-Italiya abazinza eCalifornia nanjengomntu owayevezwe kumculo wokuqala we-Country-Western kunye nobuchule bomatshini akumangalisi ukuba igama lakhe libaluleke kangaka kumculo odumileyo namhlanje.
Imodeli yokuqala yesiginkci eveliswe nguLeo Fender yayiyi-Esquire Telecaster eyayivakala phantse kuyo yonke irekhodi edumileyo ngo-1976 xa i-FMIC yathumela ngaphezulu kwe-5 yezigidi zeeyunithi! I-Esquire yavela yaba nguSasazo, ekugqibeleni yaziwa ngokuba yiTelecaster eyaziwayo namhlanje - zonke enkosi Leo Fender kaThixo ezintsha. Ngowe-1951; Uguqule umculo wepop kunye nowelizwe kwakhona ngokuzisa into esiyaziyo ngoku njengemodeli yeStratocaster edlalwe ziimvumi ezidumileyo kwizizukulwana ukusukela oko yafika ezivenkileni! Ezinye iimpumelelo eziphawulekayo ziquka ukwenza iiMveliso zoMculo ze-G&L ngo-1980 kusetyenziswa ii-pickup ezinemveliso ephezulu kunanini na ngaphambili eyaqala ukuqhubela phambili okutsha kokukhulisa isandi ngaphakathi kwenkcubeko edumileyo!
Imisebenzi yokuqala
ULeonard "Leo" Fender wazalwa ngo-Agasti 10, 1909 e-Anaheim, eCalifornia kwaye wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokuqala esebenza e-Orange County. Waqalisa ukulungisa oonomathotholo nezinye izinto esengumfana wada wayila ikhabhathi yotshintsho lwegramafoni xa wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala.
Ngo-1938 iFender yafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lokuqala leLap Steel Guitar, eyaye yayisesona siginkci sombane sokuqala esaveliswa ngobuninzi esineepicups ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Olu lwakhiwo lwabeka isiseko sezixhobo ezenze umculo okhuliswe phezulu ube nako, njengombane oqinileyo womzimba, iibhesi kunye nezandisi.
I-Fender yagqiba ekubeni igxile ngokukodwa kwimveliso yesixhobo somculo kwi-1946 xa waseka i-Fender Electric Instrument Company. Le nkampani yabona iimpumelelo ezininzi, ezifana ne-Esquire (eyathi kamva yabizwa ngokuba nguMsasazi); le yayiyenye yeziginkci zombane zokuqala ezomeleleyo emhlabeni.
Ngexesha lakhe kule nkampani, uFender waphuhlisa ezinye zezona modeli zibalaseleyo zikatala ezakha zadalwa njengeTelecaster kunye neStratocaster kunye neeamps ezithandwayo njengeBassman kunye neVibroverb. Kwakhona waseka ezinye iinkampani ezifana ne-G&L evelise ezinye zeendlela zakhe ezintsha; nangona kunjalo akukho namnye kwaba owaphila ukuze abone impumelelo eninzi emva kokuba ezithengisile ngexesha lokungazinzi kwezimali ngo-1965.
Leo Fender kaThixo Guitar Innovations
ULeo Fender wayengomnye wabenzi besiginci abanempembelelo kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20. Izinto awazisungulayo ziye zayiguqula indlela iziginkci zombane kunye neebhesi ezazenziwe zaza zadlalwa ngayo, kwaye uyilo lwakhe lusabonwa nanamhlanje. Wayenoxanduva lweemodeli ezininzi zegitare kunye neenkampani. Makhe sintywizise ukuba zaziyintoni na ezo.
Umsasazi weFender/Telecaster
Umsasazi weFender kunye nomlandeli wayo, iTelecaster, zizigitha zombane ezaqanjwa nguLeo Fender. Umsasazi, owakhululwa okokuqala eluntwini ngo-1950 njenge “Fender’s revolutionary new electric guitar” yayisesona siginci sombane sokuqala esinempumelelo somzimba weSpanish. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imveliso yokuqala yeSasazo yayilinganiselwe kuphela malunga neeyunithi ezingama-50 ngaphambi kokuba iyekwe emva kwexesha elifutshane ngenxa yokubhideka okubangelwe ligama layo eliphikisana namagubu kaGretsch 'Broadkaster'.
Kunyaka olandelayo, ekuphenduleni ukubhideka kweemarike kunye nemiba yezomthetho kunye noGretsch, iFender yatshintsha igama lesixhobo ukusuka kwi "Sasazo" ukuya kwi "Telecaster," eyathi yamkelwa ngokubanzi njengomgangatho woshishino lweegita zombane. Ekufakweni kwayo kwantlandlolo, yayinomzimba we-slab owenziwe ngothuthu okanye umthi we-alder-uphawu loyilo olusekho nanamhlanje. Yayineefoto ezimbini zekhoyili enye (intamo kunye nebhulorho), amaqhina amathathu (umthamo omkhulu, ithowuni enkulu kunye nomkhethi wokusetwa kwangaphambili) kwelinye icala lomzimba kunye nomtya wesali ezintathu kwibhulorho yohlobo lomzimba kwelinye icala. Nangona ingaziwa ngetekhnoloji ephucukileyo okanye umlinganiswa wethoni, uLeo Fender wabona amandla amakhulu kolu yilo lwesixhobo olulula olwahlala lungaguqukiyo kwiminyaka engama-60 kamva. Wayesazi ukuba unento ekhethekileyo ngolu dibaniso lweekhoyili ezimbini ezigxile kwisandi esiphakathi ukongeza kubulula kunye nokufikeleleka kwayo, iyenza ibe nomtsalane kubo bonke abadlali nokuba inqanaba letalente lithini okanye imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Fender Stratocaster
Olunye lolona yilo ludumileyo lwegitare yombane kwihlabathi yiFender Stratocaster. Idalwe nguLeo Fender, yaziswa ngo-1954 kwaye yakhawuleza yaba sisixhobo somfanekiso. Ekuqaleni iphuhliswe njengohlaziyo kwi-Telecaster, ukuma komzimba we-Stratocaster kunikeze i-ergonomics ephuculweyo kubini abadlali abasekhohlo nasekunene, kunye nokubonelela ngeprofayili yetoni eyahlukileyo.
Iimpawu zesi siginci zibandakanya iicoil ezintathu zecoil pickups ezinokuthi zihlengahlengiswe ngokuzimeleyo ngethowuni eyahlukileyo kunye namaqhosha evolumu, inkqubo yebhulorho yevibrato (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-tremolo bar namhlanje), kunye nenkqubo ye-tremolo ehambelanayo evumela abadlali ukuba bafumane izandi ezizodwa ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela basebenzisa izandla zabo ukuyilawula. I-Stratocaster nayo yayiphawuleka ngeprofayili yayo yentamo encinci, evumela abadlali ukuba babe nolawulo olukhulu kwisandla sabo esibuhlungu.
Isitayile somzimba sesi sikatala siye saduma kwihlabathi, kunye neenkampani ezininzi ezivelisa iziginkci zombane zohlobo lweStratocaster namhlanje. Idlalwe ziimvumi ezingenakubalwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kwimbali yonke kuquka i-rockers ezifana no-Eric Clapton kunye noJeff Beck yonke indlela ukuya kwiigitare zejazz ezifana noPat Metheny kunye noGeorge Benson.
I-Fender Precision Bass
I-Fender Precision Bass (ehlala imfutshane kwi-"P-Bass") ngumzekelo we-bass yombane eyenziwa yi-Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. I-Precision Bass (okanye "i-P-Bass") yaziswa kwi-1951. Yayiyeyokuqala ephumelele ngokubanzi i-bass yombane kwaye iye yahlala ithandwa kakhulu namhlanje, nangona kukho ukuguquka okuninzi kunye nokuhluka koyilo kwimbali yayo.
U-Leo Fender uyile i-iconic Bass ye-Precision ukuze ibonise i-pickguard ekhusela i-electronics eethe-ethe, kunye neendlela ezinzulu eziphucula ukufikelela kwezandla kwiindawo eziphezulu. I-P-Bass iphinde yaquka i-coil-coil pickup enye eyayigcinwe kwizindlu zentsimbi, ukwandisa ukuqina kunye nomgangatho wesandi ngelixa inciphisa ingxolo yombane eyenziwa yi-vibrations yesixhobo. Olu luyilo luye lwamkelwa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amashishini amaninzi, nabanye abavelisi bebandakanya uyilo olufanayo lwefoto kunye ne-elektroniki kwiigita zabo.
Uphawu oluchazayo lwe-pre-CBS Fender Precision Bass yayiyibhulorho eneesali ezishenxisekayo, ezingalungelelaniswanga kakuhle xa zithunyelwa zisuka kwi-Fender kwaye ke ngoko zifuna uhlengahlengiso yingcali enamava; oku kuvumele uvakaliso-lizwi oluchanekileyo kunolo lubonelelwe ngeendlela zoomatshini kuphela. Iimodeli zamva zaziswa emva kokuba i-CBS ithenge i-Fender ibonelele ngeendlela ezininzi zeentambo kunye neesekethe ze-Blender ezivumela abadlali ukuba badibanise okanye badibanise ii-pickups zeethoni ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, iimodeli zamva zinokufunyanwa zixhotyiswe nge-elektroniki esebenzayo njengokutshintsha okusebenzayo/okungenziwayo okanye ulawulo lwe-EQ oluhlengahlengiswayo lokulungelelaniswa kwethowuni elungileyo kwinqanaba okanye kuseto lwesitudiyo.
Fender Jazzmaster
Ikhutshwe okokuqala ngo-1958, i-Fender Jazzmaster yenye yeemodeli zokugqibela eziyilwe ngu-Leo Fender ngaphambi kokuba athengise inkampani yakhe ye-namesake kwaye aqhubele phambili ekufumaneni i-Music Man guitar brand. IJazzmaster ibonelele ngenani leenkqubela phambili, kubandakanywa intamo ebanzi kunezinye izixhobo zelo xesha. Ikwabonise iisekethe ezilothe kunye nesingqisho ezahlukeneyo, kunye noyilo lwengalo yetremolo.
Ngokumalunga nethoni kunye nokuziva, i-Jazzmaster yayahluke kakhulu kwezinye iimodeli kumgca we-Fender-udlala amanqaku aqaqambileyo kwaye avulekile ngaphandle kokubingelela ukufudumala okanye ubutyebi. Oku kwakwahluke kakhulu kwezandulelayo ezifana ne-Jazz Bass (iintambo ezine) kunye ne-Precision Bass (iintambo ezimbini) ezazinesandi esinzima nesinokugcinwa ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana bakowabo abanje ngeStratocaster kunye neTelecaster, yayinezinto ezininzi ezininzi ngenxa yoluhlu lwayo olubanzi lweetoni.
Uyilo olutsha luphawulwe ukusuka kwiimodeli zangaphambili zeFender ezazine-frets emxinwa, ubude besikali esibude kunye neziqwenga zebhulorho ezifanayo. Ngokudlala kwayo ngokulula kunye nomlinganiswa ophuculweyo, yakhawuleza yaduma phakathi kwamaqela e-surf rock eCalifornia ababefuna ukuphindaphinda isandi “sesefa” ngokuchaneka ngakumbi kunokuba abantu ababephila ngexesha labo kuzo zonke iindidi benokuphumelela ngeziginkci zesintu ngelo xesha.
Ilifa elishiywe yimveliso kaLeo Fender lisasebenza nanamhlanje phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi ezibandakanya i-indie rock/ pop punk/ I-Alternative ezimeleyo kunye nesixhobo somculo we-rock/ intsimbi eqhubekayo/ i-jazz fusion abadlali ngokufanayo
Iminyaka yamva kaLeo Fender
Ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, uLeo Fender waqala ixesha lokudala iikatala ezintsha kunye neebhesi. Nangona wayeseyintloko ye-Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC), waqala ukuthatha indawo engaphezulu kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yenkampani ngelixa abasebenzi bakhe, abanjengoDon Randall kunye noForrest White, bathatha indawo eninzi. ishishini. Nangona kunjalo, i-Fender iqhubekile nokuba ngumntu onempembelelo kwisiginci kunye nehlabathi le-bass. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeemodeli kunye neenkampani awayenoxanduva kuzo kwiminyaka yakhe kamva.
G&L Guitars
U-Leo Fender wayenoxanduva lohlobo lweegitala eziveliswe yinkampani yakhe i-G & L (George & Leo) Izixhobo zoMculo (eyasungulwa ekupheleni kwee-1970s). Uyilo lokugqibela lwe-Fender lwaziswa kwi-G&L lugxile kuphuculo lweTelecaster, iStratocaster, kunye nezinye iimodeli ezinophawu. Umphumo waba ngumgca obanzi wezixhobo ezibandakanya iimodeli ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-S-500 Stratocaster, i-Music Man Reflex bass guitar, i-Comanche kunye ne-Manta Ray guitar kunye nokuqaliswa kwezixhobo ezingezizo zegita ezibandakanya i-mandolins kunye neentsimbi zensimbi.
Iigitala ze-G & L zaveliswa ngogxininiso lwakhe oludumileyo kumgangatho kunye nothuthu okanye imizimba ye-alder ene-tinted polyester finishes, i-bolt-on maple iintamo, i-rosewood fingerboards edityaniswe ne-pickups eyilelwe njenge-humbuckers ezimbini zekhoyili; Iifoto zeVintage zeAlnico V. Amaxabiso aphezulu emveliso anje ngama-21 frets kunama-22 angaphakathi kwesakhelo sefilosofi yoyilo lukaLeo – umgangatho ophezulu phezu kobuninzi. Ukwathanda iimilo zeklasikhi endaweni yokuqhubela phambili abanye abenzi besiginkci ababemke kuzo befuna izandi kunye nezimbo ezitsha.
I-G&L iye yaqatshelwa kakuhle ngenxa yeethowuni zayo eziqaqambileyo ezidityaniswe nokuzinza okuchukumisayo, ukudlala okungenamandla okongeziweyo yinkqubela phambili yangoku njengevili letrussrod elingaphantsi kwe-fretboard elivumela abadlali ukuba bahlengahlengise ukucinezeleka kwentamo bebodwa kunokuba baxhomekeke ekulungiseni. ngakumbi. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba i-G&L yaziwe zombini phakathi kweengcali zesiginkci kunye nabanye abafuna iipeyilethi zesandi ezikhethekileyo kuhambo lwabo lokudlala ikatala.
Umntu woMculo
Kwiminyaka ye-1971 kunye ne-1984, uLeo Fender wayenoxanduva lokuvelisa iimodeli ezahlukeneyo nge-Music Man. Ezi modeli zibandakanya i-bass ye-StingRay kunye neziginci ezifana ne-Sabre, i-Marauder, kunye ne-Silhouette. Wayila zonke ezi zixhobo kodwa kule mihla kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ezikhoyo.
U-Leo unike uMntu woMculo enye indlela kwinkangeleko yakhe yemveli ngokusebenzisa izitayile ezitsha zomzimba kwinkqubo yakhe yoyilo. Ngaphandle kwenkangeleko yabo, inkalo ephambili eyabenza bathandwa kakhulu yayiyithoni eqaqambileyo ngenxa yemizimba eqaqambileyo yemithi kunye neentamo zemaple xa kuthelekiswa noyilo lweFender olunzima ngokwesiko.
Elinye lawona mnikelo ubalulekileyo weFender kuMntu woMculo yayiziimbono zakhe malunga nokutshintsha kunye neenkqubo zokuthatha. Izixhobo zelo xesha zazineendawo ezintathu zokuchola xa kuthelekiswa nezintlanu zokutshintsha izixhobo zanamhlanje. U-Leo ukwanguvulindlela "ongenangxolo" woyilo olususe i-hum ehambelana ne-pickups ethile ephezulu ngelixa elawula imiba yozinzo ebangelwa kukutshintsha koxinzelelo lwentambo ngexesha lokudlala okuphilayo.
U-Leo ekugqibeleni wayeza kuthengisa i-stake yakhe kwinkampani ngenzuzo eninzi yemali ephawula impumelelo enkulu ngaloo minyaka ngaphambi kokuba ashiye uMntu woMculo ngo-1984 xa i-CBS ithatha ubunini obupheleleyo.
Ezinye iiNkampani
Kuyo yonke iminyaka yoo-1940, yoo-1950 noo-1960, uLeo Fender wayila izixhobo zomculo kwiinkampani ezininzi ezaziwayo. Wasebenzisana namagama ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-G & L (iGeorge Fullerton Guitars kunye neBass) kunye noMntu woMculo (ukusuka kwi-1971).
I-G&L yasekwa ngo-1979 xa uLeo Fender ethatha umhlala-phantsi kwi-CBS-Fender. Ngelo xesha i-G&L yayisaziwa njenge-luthier yesiginci. Izixhobo abazenzileyo zazisekwe kuyilo lwangaphambili lweFender kodwa ngolungiso lokuphucula umgangatho wesandi. Bavelise iigitala zombane kunye neebhesi kwiimo ezahlukeneyo ezineempawu zale mihla kunye neklasikhi. Uninzi lweegitala ezidumileyo zasebenzisa iimodeli ze-G&L njengezona zixhobo zomculo ziphambili kubandakanya uMark Morton, uBrad Paisley kunye noJohn Petrucci.
Enye inkampani eyaphembelela iFender yiNdoda yoMculo. Ngo-1971 uLeo wasebenza kunye noTom Walker, iSterling Ball kunye neForest White ukuphuhlisa ezinye zee-bass guitar zenkampani ezifana ne-StingRay Bass. Ngo-1975, uMculo we-Music Man waqala ukwandisa umda wawo ukusuka kwii-bas nje ukubandakanya iigitare zombane ezathengiswa kubathengi abahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi zixhobo zibonise izinto ezintsha zoyilo ezifana neentamo zeemaphu zokuphucula ukugcinwa kunye nokulula kubadlali abakhetha isimbo sokudlala ngokukhawuleza. Iimvumi ezichwepheshile ezisebenzise ikatala zoMculo zoMculo ziquka uSteve Lukather, uSteve Morse, uDusty Hill kunye noJoe Satriani phakathi kwabanye.
isiphelo
ULeo Fender ngomnye wamanani anempembelelo kwaye ahlonitshwayo kwimbali yesiginci. Uyilo lwakhe lwayiguqula inkangeleko kunye nesandi seziginkci zombane, zazisa izixhobo zomzimba eziqinileyo ezinokuviwa kuzo zonke izindlu, iiholo zekonsathi kunye noshicilelo. Ngeenkampani zakhe-i-Fender, i-G & L kunye ne-Music Man-Leo Fender incede ukubumba inkcubeko yomculo yanamhlanje. Unikwe imbeko ngokwenza uluhlu lweegitala zakudala eziquka iTelecaster, iStratocaster, iJazzmaster, iP-Bass, iJ-Bass, iMustang bass nezinye ezininzi. Uyilo lwakhe olutsha lusaveliswa nanamhla yiFender Musical Instruments Corporation/FMIC okanye abavelisi abadumileyo abafana neeRelic Guitars. ULeo Fender uya kuhlala ekhunjulwa njengovulindlela kushishino lomculo owaphefumlela izizukulwana zeemvumi ukuba ziphonononge amandla ezandi zombane ngezixhobo zakhe zokophula umhlaba.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
