Isixhobo sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ziimvumi ukwenza umculo. Inokuba lula njengentonga yomthi esetyenziselwa ukubetha into ukudala isandi, okanye intsonkothe njengepiyano. Nantoni na esetyenziselwa ukwenza umculo inokubizwa ngokuba sisixhobo.
Emculweni, isixhobo sisixhobo somculo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza izandi zomculo. Izixhobo zomculo zinokudlalwa ziimvumi yaye izixhobo zomculo zinokudlalwa ziimvumi ezidlalayo okanye amaqela omculo. Igama elithi “isixhobo somculo” linokusetyenziswa ukwahlula esona sixhobo sisenza isandi (umzekelo, imbande) kunye nemvumi eyidlalayo (umz. umdlali odlala ibhola ekhatywayo).
Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuphonononga oko kuthetha ntoni kwaye wabelane ngemizekelo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo.
Instruments Musical
inkcazelo
Isixhobo somculo yiyo nayiphi na into esetyenziselwa ukwenza umculo omnandi! Nokuba liqokobhe, isityalo, okanye ixilongo elithambo, ukuba liyakwazi ukwenza isandi, sisixhobo somculo.
Umsebenzi oSisiseko
- Ukwenza umculo ngesixhobo somculo, kufuneka usebenze! Gcoba intambo, bethela igubu, okanye uvulele ixilongo – nokuba yintoni efunekayo ukwenza umculo omnandi.
- Awudingi ukuba yincutshe yomculo ukwenza umculo ngesixhobo somculo. Ekuphela kwento oyifunayo yintwana yobuchule kunye nomdla wokwenza ingxolo!
- Izixhobo zomculo zineemo neesayizi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zinokwenziwa ngazo zonke iintlobo zezinto. Ukususela kumaqokobhe ukuya kwiindawo zezityalo, ukuba inokwenza isandi, inokuba sisixhobo somculo!
- Sukuba nexhala ukuba awuyazi ingcamango yale mihla “yokwenza umculo” – yenza ingxolo kwaye wonwabe!
Ubungqina be-Archaeological of Musical Instruments
Divje Babe Flute
Emuva kwi-1995, u-Ivan Turk wayengumvubukuli oqhelekileyo waseSlovenia, ecinga ngeshishini lakhe, xa wakhubeka kwithambo eliqingqiweyo eliza kutshintsha ihlabathi ngonaphakade. Lo mkrolo wamathambo, ngoku owaziwa ngokuba yiDivje Babe Flute, wawunemingxuma emine enokusetyenziswa ukudlala amanqaku amane esikali sediatonic. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba imbande yayiphakathi kwe-43,400 kunye ne-67,000 yeminyaka ubudala, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo somculo esidala esaziwayo kunye neyodwa ehambelana ne-Neanderthals. Abanye abembi bezinto zakudala kunye ne-ethnomusicologists, nangona kunjalo, abazange baqiniseke.
IMammoth kunye neSwan Bone Flutes
Abembi bezinto zakudala baseJamani babengeke boyiswe ngoogxa babo baseSlovenia, ngoko baye bazingela ezabo izixhobo zomculo zakudala. Kwaye bazifumana! I-Mammoth bone kunye ne-swan bone flutes, ukuba ngqo. Ezi filidi zazisusela kwiminyaka engama-30,000 ukuya kuma-37,000 ubudala, kwaye zamkelwa ngokubanzi njengezona zixhobo zomculo zakudala ezaziwayo.
IiLyre zaseUre
Ngeminyaka yee-1920, uLeonard Woolley wayegrumba eMangcwabeni aseRoyal kwisixeko saseSumeri eUre, xa wafumana ubuncwane bezixhobo zomculo. Oku kuquka iihapu ezisithoba (iiLyre zaseUre), iihapu ezimbini, impempe yesilivere ephindwe kabini, ihadi namacangci. Kwakukho neseti yemibhobho yesilivere enesandi sengcongolo, ekukholelwa ukuba yayiyimibhobho yala maxesha. Zonke ezi zixhobo zaziyi-carbon-dated phakathi kwe-2600 kunye ne-2500 BC, ngoko ke kukhuselekile ukuthi zazisetyenziswa eSumeri ngelo xesha.
IiFlutes zeBone eTshayina
Abembi bezinto zakudala kwisiza saseJiahu kumbindi wephondo laseHenan eTshayina bafumanisa iifluti ezenziwe ngamathambo ekuqikelelwa ukuba aneminyaka engama-7,000 9,000 ukuya kwengama-XNUMX XNUMX ubudala. Ezi fluti zezinye zezona zixhobo zomculo zigqibeleleyo, ezidlalekayo, ezinamaxesha anzima, ezakha zafunyanwa.
Imbali emfutshane yezixhobo zomculo
Amaxesha Amandulo
- Abantu bamandulo babenobuqhetseba xa kufikelelwa kumculo, besebenzisa amarhewu, izitampu namagubu ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe.
- Kwade kwasemva kwexesha apho baye bafumanisa indlela yokwenza uncuthu lwengoma ngezixhobo zomculo, beqala ngeetyhubhu ezimbini zokutsibela ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo.
- Ekugqibeleni, badlulela kwirebhoni yeengcongolo, iimbande namaxilongo, awayephawulwe ngomsebenzi wawo kunenkangeleko yawo.
- Amagubu ayebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zase-Afrika, ezinye izizwe zikholelwa ukuba zingcwele kangangokuba yi-sultan kuphela enokuthi ijonge.
Times Modern
- Iingcali zomculo kunye neengcali zomculo ziye zazama ukufumana ixesha elichanekileyo lezixhobo zomculo, kodwa lishishini elikhohlisayo.
- Ukuthelekisa nokulungelelanisa izixhobo ezisekelwe ekuntsokothweni kwazo kuyalahlekisa, ekubeni ukuhambela phambili kwezixhobo zomculo maxa wambi kuye kwanciphisa ukuntsonkotha.
- Ukuodola izixhobo ngokwejografi nako akuthembekanga, njengoko kungasoloko kumiselwa ukuba iinkcubeko zabelana nini kwaye njani ulwazi.
- Iimbali zomculo zanamhlanje zixhomekeke kwizinto zakudala zakudala, imiboniso yobugcisa, kunye neembekiselo zoncwadi ukumisela ulandelelwano lophuhliso lwezixhobo zomculo.
Ukuhlela Izixhobo zoMculo
Inkqubo yeHornbostel-Sachs
- Inkqubo ye-Hornbostel-Sachs yinkqubo yokwahlula kuphela esebenza kuyo nayiphi na inkcubeko kwaye inika ulwahlulo olunokwenzeka kuphela kwisixhobo ngasinye.
- Yahlula izixhobo zibe ngamaqela amane aphambili:
-Iidiophones: Izixhobo ezivelisa isandi ngokungcangcazelisa umzimba osisiseko wesixhobo ngokwaso, njengeeclave, ixylophone, guiro, slit drum, mbira, and rattle.
- IiMembranophones: Izixhobo ezivelisa isandi ngokungcangcazela kwenwebu eyoluliweyo, enjengamagubu kunye ne-kazoos.
-Iichordophones: Izixhobo ezivelisa isandi ngokungcangcazela intambo enye okanye ngaphezulu, ezinje ngee-zithers, lutes, kunye neziginkci.
-Ii-aerophones: Izixhobo ezivelisa isandi esinomqolo womoya ongcangcazelayo, njengeenkunzi zenkomo, izabhokhwe, iifleyiti, iirekhoda kunye nezixhobo zengcongolo.
Ezinye iiNkqubo zoHlelo
- Inkqubo yamandulo yamaHindu ebizwa ngokuba yiNatya Shastra yahlula izixhobo zibe ngamaqela amane aphambili:
– Izixhobo apho isandi siveliswa ngeentambo ezingcangcazelayo.
– Izixhobo zokubethwa ezinentloko ulusu.
– Izixhobo apho isandi siveliswa ziikholomu zomoya ezingcangcazelayo.
– “Oluqilima”, okanye olungenalusu, izixhobo ezibethwayo.
- IYurophu yenkulungwane ye-12 nguJohannes de Muris yahlula izixhobo zaba ngamaqela amathathu:
– Tensibela (izixhobo ezineentambo).
– Inflatibilia (izixhobo zomoya).
– Percussibilia (zonke izixhobo ezibethwayo).
- UVictor-Charles Mahilon ulungelelanise i-Natya Shastra kwaye wabela iilebhile zesiGrike kwiintlobo ezine:
– Iichordophones (izixhobo ezineentambo).
– IiMembranophones (izixhobo zokubethelwa kwentloko yesikhumba).
– Ii-aerophones (izixhobo zomoya).
-Ii-autophones (izixhobo ezingezizo ulusu).
Abadlali bezixhobo zoMculo
Yintoni i-Instrumentalist?
Umdlali wezixhobo zomculo ngumntu odlala isixhobo somculo. Oku kunokuba ngumdlali wegitare, umbethi piyano, umbethi webhesi, okanye umbethi wegubu. Abadlali bezixhobo zomculo banokudibana benze iqela kwaye benze iingoma ezimnandi!
Ubomi boMculi weInstrumentalist
Ukuba ngumdlali wezixhobo zomculo akuyonto ilula. Nantsi into onokuyilindela:
- Uya kuchitha ixesha elininzi uqhelisela. Iiyure kunye neeyure zokuziqhelanisa!
- Unokuba udlala iiyure ezimbalwa ngosuku, kodwa uya kuchitha ixesha elininzi ulungiselela loo midlalo.
- Kuya kufuneka ube yi-multi-instrumentalist ukuba ufuna ukuyenza ibe nkulu.
- Kuya kufuneka ulungele ukuhamba. Uza kuya kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukuze wenze.
- Kuya kufuneka ulungele ukusebenza nzima kwaye uhlale ugxile. Ayisiyiyo yonke into emnandi kunye nemidlalo!
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zomculo
Ukusetyenziswa ngokwembali
- Izixhobo zomculo bezikho ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha, kwaye bezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, njengokonwabisa ababukeli bekonsathi, imidaniso ekhaphayo, amasiko, umsebenzi, kunye namayeza.
- KwiTestamente eNdala, kukho intaphane yeembekiselo kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kunqulo lwamaYuda, de zibe zikhutshelwa ngaphandle ngenxa yezizathu zemfundiso.
- AmaKristu okuqala kwimpuma yeMeditera ayesebenzisa izixhobo xa enikela inkonzo, kodwa yayingafunwa ngabefundisi.
- Izixhobo zisavaliwe kwezinye iindawo, njengeemosque zamaSilamsi, iicawa zeOthodoki zaseMpuma, njl.
- Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo, izixhobo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizithethe, njengakwiinkcubeko zamaBuddha, apho iintsimbi kunye neegubhu zisetyenziswa kwimibhiyozo yenkolo.
Iimpawu zomlingo
- Iinkcubeko ezininzi zikholelwa kwiimpawu zomlingo zezixhobo.
- Ngokomzekelo, i-shofar yamaYuda (uphondo lwenkunzi yegusha) isavuthelwa kwiRosh Hashana kunye neYom Kippur, kwaye kuthiwa xa uYoshuwa wavuthela i-shofar izihlandlo ezisixhenxe ekungqingweni kweYeriko, iindonga zeso sixeko zawa phantsi.
- E-Indiya, kuthiwa xa uKrishna edlala iflegi, imilambo yayeka ukuhamba kwaye iintaka zehla ukuze ziphulaphule.
- Ngenkulungwane ye-14 eItali, kuthiwa into efanayo yenzeke xa uFrancesco Landini edlala i-organetto yakhe.
- E-China, izixhobo zidibene namanqaku ekhampasi, amaxesha onyaka, kunye neziganeko zendalo.
- Ifluti yaseMelanesia yoqalo kwakukholelwa ukuba inamandla okubuyisela abantu ebomini.
IYurophu yamandulo
- Izixhobo ezininzi ezazisetyenziswa kwiYurophu yamaxesha aphakathi zazivela entshona yeAsia, kwaye zazisenayo eminye imifuziselo yazo yantlandlolo.
- Amaxilongo, umzekelo, ayenxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yasemkhosini, kwaye ayekwasetyenziselwa ukuseka ookumkani nezihandiba, kwaye abonwa njengophawu lobuhandiba.
- Amagubu eeketile (ekuqaleni ayebizwa ngokuba zii nakers) ayedla ngokudlalwa ngamahashe, kwaye asasetyenziswa kwezinye iirejimeni ezinyusiweyo.
- Iingoma zokuvuthela amaxilongo, ezisavakala kwimisitho, ziyintsalela yoqheliselo lwamaxesha aphakathi.
Iintlobo zezixhobo zoMculo
Izixhobo zomoya
Ezi ntsana zenza umculo ngokuvuthela umoya ngazo. Cinga ngamaxilongo, i-clarinets, i-bagpipes kunye neefluti. Nalu ulwahlulo:
- Ubhedu: Ixilongo, iitrombones, ii-tubas, njl.
- Woodwind: Clarinets, oboes, saxophones, njl.
Lamellaphones
Ezi zixhobo zenza umculo ngokukrazula i-lamellas ezenziwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Cinga ngoMbira.
Izixhobo zomculo
Aba bafana babi benza umculo ngokubethwa. Cinga ngamagubu, iintsimbi namacangci.
Izixhobo zomtya
Ezi zixhobo zenza umculo ngokuhluthwa, ukubethelwa, ukubethelwa, njl. Cinga iigitare, iivayolini kunye ne-sitars.
Voice
Ayinangqondo ke le – ilizwi lomntu! Iimvumi zenza umculo ngokuphuma komoya ophuma emiphungeni zibeka iintambo zezwi zibe yi-oscillation.
Izixhobo zombane
Ezi zixhobo zenza umculo ngeendlela zombane. Cinga ii-synthesizer kunye ne-remins.
Izixhobo zebhodi yezitshixo
Ezi zixhobo zidlalwa ngomculo yezitshixo. Cinga ipiyano, amalungu, iihabhu kunye nee-synthesizer. Nkqu nezixhobo ezingadli ngokuba nekhibhodi, njengeGlockenspiel, zinokuba zizixhobo zekhibhodi.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, izixhobo zomculo ziyindlela entle yokudala umculo kwaye uziveze. Ukusuka kwizixhobo zamandulo ezenziwe kwizinto ezifunyenweyo ukuya kwizixhobo zanamhlanje ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli ekumgangatho ophezulu, kukho into yakhe wonke umntu. Nokuba ungumntu oqalayo okanye uyingcali, ungoyiki ukuphonononga umhlaba womculo kwaye ufumane isixhobo esikulungeleyo!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
