Impendulo yefrikhwensi ngumlinganiselo wobungakanani bomthamo wemveliso yenkqubo okanye isixhobo ekuphenduleni uvuselelo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubonakalisa amandla enkqubo. Ngumlinganiselo wobukhulu kunye nesigaba semveliso njengomsebenzi we frequency, xa kuthelekiswa negalelo. Ngamagama alula, ukuba a imisonto i-wave ifakwe kwisixokelelwano kwi-frequency enikiweyo, inkqubo yomgca iya kuphendula ngelo xesha kunye nobukhulu obuthile kunye ne-engile yesigaba esithile ngokunxulumene negalelo. Kwakhona kwindlela yomgca, ukuphinda kabini i-amplitude yegalelo kuya kuphinda kabini i-amplitude yemveliso. Ukongeza, ukuba inkqubo ayiguquguqukiyo ixesha, ke impendulo yefrikhwensi nayo ayizukwahluka ngexesha. Izicelo ezibini zohlalutyo lokuphendula rhoqo zinxulumene kodwa zineenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kwinkqubo yeaudio, injongo inokuba kukuvelisa kwakhona isignali yegalelo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Oko kuya kufuna i-uniform (flat) ubukhulu bokuphendula ukuya kumda we-bandwidth yenkqubo, kunye nesignali ilibaziseke ngokuchanekileyo ixesha elifanayo kuzo zonke iifrikhwensi. Elo xesha lisenokuba yimizuzwana, okanye iiveki okanye iinyanga kumajelo arekhodiweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, kwisixhobo sempendulo esisetyenziselwa ukulawula inkqubo eguquguqukayo, injongo kukunika inkqubo yokuvala iluphu impendulo ephuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo engahlawulwanga. Ingxelo ngokubanzi kufuneka iphendule kwiinkqubo ze-dynamics ngaphakathi kwenani elincinci kakhulu lemijikelo ye-oscillation (ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphantsi komjikelo opheleleyo omnye), kunye ne-angle yesigaba esicacileyo ngokunxulumene nokufakwa komyalelo. Ukufumana impendulo yokukhulisa ngokwaneleyo, ukufumana i-angle yesigaba engalunganga kunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kwenkqubo evulekileyo ye-loop, okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuzinzisa inkqubo evulekile-i-loop engazinzanga. Izihluzi zedijithali zingasetyenziselwa zombini iinkqubo zeaudio kunye neenkqubo zokulawula impendulo, kodwa njengoko iinjongo zahlukile, ngokubanzi iimpawu zesigaba sezihluzo ziya kwahluka kakhulu kwizicelo ezimbini.
Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yeyiphi impendulo yefrikhwensi, ichaphazela njani isandi, kwaye ungayilinganisa njani. Kwaye, ndiza kwabelana ngeengcebiso malunga nendlela yokufumana eyona mpendulo ilungileyo kwisixhobo sakho somsindo.
Ukuqonda iMpendulo yeFrequency: Isitshixo sokuSebenza kweSixhobo seAudio
Ukuphendula rhoqo ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza indlela inkqubo yeaudio ephendula ngayo kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo zomqondiso. Ngamagama alula, ibhekisa kwindlela i-audio system ivelisa ngayo isandi kuluhlu lwamaza.
Isetyenziswa njani impendulo yefrikhwensi kuYilo lweSixhobo seAudio?
Abaqulunqi basebenzisa imilinganiselo yokuphendula rhoqo ukuyila izixhobo zeaudio ezisebenza ngokulandelelana kunye nendlela eqikelelwayo. Basebenzisa izihluzi, i-amplifiers, kunye nezinye iisekethe ukubumba ukuphendula rhoqo ukufezekisa isandi esithile okanye ukubuyisela ukusilela kwinkqubo.
Yintoni iFourier Transform?
Uguqulo lweFourier yinkqubo yemathematika esetyenziselwa ukumela umqondiso ngokweziqendu zayo zamaza. Isetyenziselwa ukwahlula isignali kwi-frequencies yayo kunye ne-amplitudes, enokuthi icwangciswe kwi-curve ye-frequency response.
Buyintoni uBudlelwane phakathi kweMpendulo yeFrequency kunye noLungiso lweMiqondiso?
Ukuphendula rhoqo ngumbono obalulekileyo ekuqhubeni umqondiso kuba ichaza indlela inkqubo ephendula ngayo kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo zomqondiso. Iindlela zokwenziwa komqondiso ezifana nokucoca kunye nokuphindaphinda zisetyenziselwa ukuguqula ukuphendulwa rhoqo kwenkqubo ukuphumeza isandi okanye umphumo othile.
Yintoni indima yeMpendulo yeFrequency kwiSixhobo sokuSebenza seAudio?
Ukuphendula ngokuphindaphindiweyo yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwezixhobo zomsindo. Inkqubo ene-frequency response response iya kuvelisa kwakhona zonke ii-frequencies ngokulinganayo, ngelixa inkqubo ene-shaped frequency response izakugxininisa okanye ithobe amaza athile. Abaqulunqi kufuneka balinganise umnqweno wesandi esithile kunye nesidingo sokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo.
Kutheni iMpendulo yeFrequency ibalulekile kwisixhobo somsindo
Xa kufikwa kwizixhobo zomsindo, ukuphendula rhoqo ligama lobugcisa elihlala liphoswa ngapha nangapha ngaphandle kokuba abantu baqonde ukubaluleka kwalo. Ngamagama alula, impendulo yefrikhwensi ibhekisa kubuchule besixhobo ukuvelisa kwakhona zonke iithowuni kumqondiso wesandi, ukusuka kumanqaku e-bass asezantsi ukuya kwawona manqaku aphezulu anetreble.
Indima yokuPhendula rhoqo ekuVeliseni isandi esilungileyo
Ukuphendula rhoqo kwesixhobo se-audio kubalulekile ekumiseleni umgangatho wesandi esinikezelwa ekupheleni. Isixhobo esine-flatter frequency response sithathwa njengento elungeleleneyo ngakumbi kwaye iyakwazi ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezandi, ngelixa isixhobo esinempendulo yefrikhwensi emile okwenzelwe ukugxininisa okanye ukugxininisa amaza athile.
Kutheni iBalanced Frequency Reply ibalulekile
Impendulo yefrikhwensi elungeleleneyo ibalulekile kuba ivumela isixhobo ukuba sivelise ngokuchanekileyo izandi zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezimbo zomculo. Umzekelo, isixhobo esine-bass eyomeleleyo yokuphendula sinokuba mnandi ekudlaleni iintlobo ezithile zomculo, kodwa sisenokungafaneleki ukurekhoda okanye ukuxuba amaqhekeza aquka izandi ezininzi zoluhlu oluphezulu.
Indlela yokuPhendula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuyichaphazela njani iNtsebenzo
Ukuphendula rhoqo kwesixhobo somsindo kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo ngokubanzi ngeendlela ezininzi. Umzekelo, isixhobo esine-frequency ephantsi yokuphendula sisenokungakwazi ukugqithisa amandla okwaneleyo ukuvelisa izandi ze-bass ezilungileyo, ngeli lixa isixhobo esine-frequency ephendula kakhulu sisenokungakwazi ukuvelisa izandi ezilungileyo ezikwisiphelo esisezantsi.
Kutheni iMpendulo yeFrequency ibalulekile kuSeto lweStudio
Kwimeko yestudio, ukuphendula rhoqo kubaluleke ngakumbi kuba kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wokurekhodwa okwenziwayo. Isixhobo esinempendulo yefrikhwensi elungeleleneyo sinokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba urekhodo luchanekile kwaye luvakala kakuhle kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokudlala.
Indlela yokukhetha izixhobo zomsindo ezisekelwe kwiMpendulo yeFrequency
Xa uthengela izixhobo zeaudio, kubalulekile ukugcina impendulo rhoqo engqondweni. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
- Jonga izixhobo ezinikezela ngempendulo yefrikhwensi elinganayo kulo lonke uluhlu lweethoni.
- Qwalasela uhlobo lomculo okanye izandi oza kube uwuvelisa okanye oza kusiphulaphula, uze ukhethe isixhobo esenzelwe ukusingatha ezo zandi.
- Musa ukubanjiswa kakhulu kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa okanye iinkcukacha. Ngelixa kubalulekile ukuqonda iziseko zokuphendula rhoqo, abantu abaninzi abayi kukwazi ukuva umahluko omncinci wokuphendula rhoqo phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
- Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukuphendula rhoqo yinto enye ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha izixhobo zeaudio. Ezinye izinto zibandakanya uhlobo lwegalelo kunye neempawu zemveliso isixhobo esinokuthi siphathe, inqanaba leenkcukacha kunye nokucaca elinikezelayo, kunye nomgangatho opheleleyo wesandi esiwuvelisayo.
Umlinganiselo kunye nokuPlayika ukuPhendula rhoqo: Iinkcukacha zobuGcisa
- Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa isignali yovavanyo kwigalelo lesixhobo somsindo kunye nokulinganisa isiphumo sophawu lwesiphumo.
- Enye indlela ibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-microphone ukuthabatha isandi esiveliswa sisixhobo kunye nokuhlalutya umqondiso obangelwayo.
- Zombini ezi ndlela zibandakanya ukusebenzisa uthotho lweempawu zovavanyo kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo zokugubungela lonke uluhlu lwezixhobo.
Ukucwangciswa kweMpendulo rhoqo
- Impendulo yefrikhwensi idla ngokucwangciswa kwigrafu enefrikhwensi ye-x-axis kunye nenqanaba ku-y-axis.
- Isicwangciso esibangelwayo sinokuthatha iifom ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-curve egudileyo okanye uchungechunge lweemilo zexande.
- Isicwangciso sinokubandakanya ulwazi malunga nesigaba, ixesha elihambelanayo lamacandelo ahlukeneyo aphindaphindiweyo kwisignali.
IiNgcaciso zeDomain rhoqo: Ukunyanzeliswa kweMida kunye neempawu zokulandelela
Ukucaciswa kwe-domain ye-Frequency parameters zobugcisa ezichaza ukuba inkqubo kufuneka iphendule njani kwiimpawu zegalelo kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo. Banyanzelisa imida ekuzuzeni inkqubo, ubuntununtunu, kunye nokuthomalalisa ukuphazamiseka, kwaye balandele imiqondiso yokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihambelana neprofayili efunwayo.
Yintoni iSystune?
I-Systune sisixhobo sesoftware esenza ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-domain frequency specifications yeenkqubo zolawulo. Isebenzisa iscript esivaliweyo ukulungisa iiparamitha zenkqubo kunye nokulandelela impendulo efunwayo.
Yintoni i-SISO?
I-SISO imele “igalelo elinye, isiphumo esinye,” kwaye ibhekisa kwiinkqubo ezinegalelo elinye kunye nesiphumo esinye. Iisistim ze-SISO zixhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zesizinda samaza, ezinyanzelisa imida ekuphenduleni kwazo kwiimpawu zegalelo kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaba i-Amplification iyafana neNgeniso?
Ukwandisa kunye nokuzuza kunxulumene, kodwa akufani. Ukwandisa kubhekiselele ekunyukeni ngokubanzi kwinqanaba lesignali, ngelixa inzuzo ibhekiselele kumlinganiselo wemveliso kwigalelo kwifrikhwensi ethile. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokukhethwa ukucacisa ukukhulisa endaweni yokuzuza, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zenkqubo.
Yintoni iNorm Constraint?
I-Norm constraint luhlobo lwenkcazo yedomeyini ephindaphindwayo enyanzelisa imida kwisiqhelo somsebenzi wogqithiselo wenkqubo. Oku kuluncedo ekuthinteleni impendulo yenkqubo iyonke, kunokuba impendulo yayo kwiifrikhwensi ezithile.
IFlat vs Impendulo yeFrequency eMilo: Yeyiphi eNgcono kwimakrofoni yakho?
Ukuphendula okubunjwa ngamaza omoya, kwelinye icala, kuthetha ukuba imakrofoni yenzelwe ukugxininisa okanye ukugxininisa amaza athile. Oku kunokwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuhlawulela i-acoustics yegumbi okanye ukuphucula isandi sesixhobo esithile. Eminye imizekelo yeemakrofoni ezinempendulo yefrikhwensi emile ibandakanya:
- I-Shure SM7B: Le mic ine-midrange eyongeziweyo kunye ne-roll-off kwi-frequencies ephezulu, iyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo lokurekhoda amazwi.
- I-AKG C414: Le makrofoni ineenguqulelo ezininzi ezitshintshanayo, nganye inempendulo eyahlukileyo yefrikhwensi. Oku kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba akhethe uhlobo olulungele iimfuno zabo.
Ukukhetha impendulo yeFrequency eLungileyo kwiiMfuno zakho
Ke, yeyiphi eyona nto ingcono: ukuphendula okuthe tyaba okanye okumilisekileyo? Impendulo kukuba, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha imakrofoni:
- Ukuba ufuna imakrofoni ephinda ivelise ngokuchanekileyo isandi somthombo, impendulo yefrikhwensi ecaba yindlela yokuhamba.
- Ukuba urekhoda kwigumbi elineacoustics engekho mgangathweni, imakrofoni enempendulo yefrikhwensi emiliselweyo inokunceda ukubuyisela oku.
- Ukuba urekhoda isixhobo esithile okanye isandi, imakrofoni enempendulo yefrikhwensi eyimilo egxininisa ukuphindaphinda kweso sixhobo okanye isandi inokuphucula isandi esiphumayo.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezinye ii-microphone, ezifana ne-Neumann U87 edumileyo, zinempendulo eyongeziweyo ye-high-end frequency. Oku kunokubangela isandi esiqaqambileyo, esineenkcukacha ezithe chatha, kodwa kunokukhokelela kwingxolo eninzi kwaye kufuneke ukuba kusetyenzwe ngononophelo.
Usetyenziso lweMpendulo yeFrequency
Ukuphendula rhoqo kwenkqubo yomsindo yinto ebalulekileyo ekuyileni izixhobo zomsindo. Iinjineli kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba inkqubo inokuvelisa kwakhona uluhlu olufunwayo lwamaza avakalayo ngokuchaneka okwaneleyo kunye nokuthembeka. Oku kufuna impendulo yefrikhwensi ethe tyaba ngonyamezelo oluqinileyo, okuthetha ukuba isistim akufuneki ithobe okanye igxininise naziphi na iifrikhwensi ezithile. Ukufezekisa oku, iinjineli zinokusebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-analog kunye nezihluzo zedijithali, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zenkqubo.
Ukulinganisa nokuhlalutya iMiqondiso
Ukuphendula rhoqo kubalulekile ekulinganiseni nasekuhlalutyeni imiqondiso kwiinkqubo zombane. Iinjineli zisebenzisa iijika zokuphendula rhoqo ukubonisa ukuba inkqubo iphinda ivelise njani okanye ithomalalise iifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuyileni nasekuvavanyeni izinto ze-elektroniki, ezinje nge-amplifiers, imakrofoni, kunye nezihluzi. Ngokuhlalutya ukuphendulwa rhoqo kwenkqubo, iinjineli zingabala impendulo ye-impulse (FIR) yesistim, ebavumela ukuba bahlawule nayiphi na impendulo ephindaphindiweyo.
Unxibelelwano kunye neeNkqubo ezingenazingcingo
Ukuphendula rhoqo kubalulekile kunxibelelwano kunye neenkqubo ezingenazingcingo, ezifana nerediyo, ividiyo, kunye neenkqubo zokutshintsha. Iinjineli zisebenzisa ii-curves zokuphendula ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubonisa uluhlu lweefrikhwensi ezinokuthi zihanjiswe okanye zifumaneke yinkqubo. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuyileni nasekuvavanyeni ii-eriyali kunye neentambo ze-coaxial. Kwiinkqubo ezingenazingcingo, iinjineli nazo kufuneka ziqwalasele i-infrasonic frequencies ezinokubangelwa yinyikima okanye i-electroencephalography (EEG) signals.
Ugxininiso kunye neemfuno zokuthotywa
Kwezinye ii-aplikeshini, ezifana nokuveliswa kwesandi okanye ukuqondakala kwentetho, impendulo emise okwefrikhwensi inokufunwa. Ngokomzekelo, uhlobo oluthile lomculo lunokufuna ugxininiso olungakumbi kwii-bass frequencies, ngelixa inkqubo yokuqonda intetho inokufuna ugxininiso olungakumbi kwi-midrange frequencies. Kwezi meko, iinjineli zinokusebenzisa izihluzi ukubumba ukuphendula rhoqo kwenkqubo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba impendulo emisekileyo ayiphumeleli ekuthembekeni okubi okanye ekuqondeni.
Ukhuseleko kunye neSaziso
Ukuphendula rhoqo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni amacandelo e-elektroniki emonakalweni. Ngokomzekelo, isandisi-lizwi sinokuba nempendulo ephindaphindayo edlula ngaphaya koluhlu oluvakalayo, olunokonakalisa isithethi ukuba siqhutywa ngomqondiso oqulethe i-infrasonic okanye i-ultrasonic frequencies. Ukuthintela oku, iinjineli zinokusebenzisa izihluzi ukunciphisa ukuphendulwa rhoqo kophawu longeniso. Ukongeza, impendulo rhoqo ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa abasebenzisi ngeengxaki ezinokuthi zibekho kwinkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwimpendulo ye-frequency yenkqubo ingabonisa inxalenye ephosakeleyo okanye uxhulumaniso olukhululekile.
isiphelo
Ke, ukuphendula rhoqo ngumlinganiselo wendlela isithethi okanye isiqwenga sesixhobo somsindo esivelisa ngayo iifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo. Yinto ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sesandi ofuna ukusifumana.
Ke, ngoku uyazi ukuba yeyiphi impendulo yefrikhwensi kunye nendlela yokuyilinganisa. Ndiyathemba ukuba esi sikhokelo siyiphendule yonke imibuzo yakho kwaye sikuncede ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngalo mba ubalulekileyo wezixhobo zomsindo.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
