Yintoni iaudio yedijithali? Ngumbuzo abaninzi bethu abakhe bazibuza wona ngaxa lithile, kwaye ayiyompendulo ilula.
I-audio yedijithali yimbonakaliso yesandi kwifomathi yedijithali. Yindlela yokugcina, ukuguqula, kunye nokuhambisa imiqondiso yesandi kwifomu yedijithali ngokuchaseneyo ne-analog. Yinkqubela enkulu kwitekhnoloji yomsindo.
Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni iaudio yedijithali, yahluke njani kwisandi se-analog, kwaye iguqulwe njani indlela esirekhoda ngayo, sigcina, kwaye siphulaphule isandi.
isishwankathelo
Yintoni i-Digital Audio?
I-audio yedijithali ibhekisa kumelo lwesandi kwifomati yedijithali. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaza esandi aguqulwa abe luluhlu lwamanani anokugcinwa, aguqulwe, aze asasazwe kusetyenziswa ubugcisa bedijithali.
Yenziwa njani iDigital Audio?
Umsindo wedijithali uveliswa ngokuthatha iisampulu ezilumkileyo zesandi se-analog yamaza ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo. Ezi sampuli ke zimelwe njengoluhlu lwamanani, anokugcinwa kwaye asetyenziswe kusetyenziswa iteknoloji yedijithali.
Ziziphi izinto eziluncedo kwiDijithali yomsindo?
Ukufumaneka kobugcisa bale mihla kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu iindleko ezinxulumene nokurekhoda nokusasaza umculo. Oku kwenze ukuba kube lula kumagcisa azimeleyo ukuba abelane ngomculo wawo nehlabathi. Ukurekhodwa komsindo wedijithali kunokusasazwa kwaye kuthengiswe njengeefayile, ukuphelisa imfuno yeekopi ezibonakalayo njengeerekhodi okanye iikhasethi. Umthengi ufumana iinkonzo zokusasaza ezidumileyo ezifana neApple Music okanye iSpotify zibonelela ngokufikelela okwethutyana kumboniso wezigidi zeengoma.
Ukuvela kweDigital Audio: Imbali emfutshane
Ukusuka kwiMechanical Waves ukuya kwiDigital Signatures
- Imbali yomsindo wedijithali inokulandwa emva kwinkulungwane ye-19 xa izixhobo zoomatshini ezifana netoti kunye neesilinda zewax zazisetyenziselwa ukurekhoda nokudlala izandi ngasemva.
- Ezi cylinder zakrolwa ngononophelo kunye neegrooves eziqokelelene kwaye zalungisa utshintsho loxinzelelo lomoya ngendlela yamaza omatshini.
- Ukufika kweegramafoni yaye kamva, iikhasethi, kwabangela ukuba abaphulaphuli bawunandiphe umculo ngaphandle kokuya kwimidlalo yeqonga.
- Noko ke, umgangatho wezi rekhodisho wawulinganiselwe yaye izandi zazidla ngokugqwetheka okanye zilahleke ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Uvavanyo lweBBC kunye nokuzalwa komsindo weDijithali
- Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, i-BBC yaqala ukuzama inkqubo entsha yosasazo edibanisa iziko layo losasazo kwiindawo ezikude.
- Oku kwafuna uphuhliso lwesixhobo esitsha esinokuqhuba izandi ngendlela elula nesebenzayo.
- Isisombululo sifunyenwe ekuphunyezweni kwe-audio yedijithali, eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwamanani acacileyo ukumela utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Oku kwenza ukuba kugcinwe ngokusisigxina isimo sokuqala sesandi, esasingafumaneki ngaphambili, ngakumbi kumanqanaba aphantsi.
- Inkqubo yedijithali ye-BBC ye-audio yayisekelwe kuhlalutyo lwefom yamaza, eyathatyathwa ngesantya sewaka lamaxesha ngomzuzwana kwaye yabelwa ikhowudi yokubini ekhethekileyo.
- Le rekhodi yesandi yenza ukuba ingcali iphinde iphinde ivelise isandi sokuqala ngokwakha isixhobo esinokufunda nokutolika ikhowudi yokubini.
Ukuqhubela phambili kunye nezinto ezintsha kwi-Digital Audio
- Ukukhutshwa kwerekhoda yomsindo yedijithali efumanekayo kwintengiso kwiminyaka yoo-1980 kwaphawula inyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili kwinkalo yomsindo wedijithali.
- Esi siguquli se-analog-to-digital sigcine izandi kwifomati yedijithali enokugcinwa kwaye isetyenziswe kwiikhompyuter.
- Ifomati yeteyiphu yeVHS kamva yaqhubeka lo mkhwa, kwaye isandi sedijithali sele sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yomculo, ifilimu kunye nomabonwakude.
- Ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji rhoqo kunye nezinto ezintsha ezingapheliyo kwi-audio yedijithali kukhokelele ekudalweni kwamaza ahlukeneyo okuqhuba isandi kunye nobuchule bokugcina.
- Namhlanje, iisignitsha zomsindo wedijithali zisetyenziselwa ukulondoloza kunye nokuhlalutya izandi ngendlela ebikade ingafumanekiyo, ikwenza kube nokwenzeka ukonwabela umgangatho wesandi ongenakuthelekiswa nanto obungenakufezekiswa ngaphambili.
Ubuchwephesha bomsindo weDijithali
IiTekhnoloji zokuRekhoda kunye noGcino
Itekhnoloji ye-digital audio iyiguqule indlela esirekhoda ngayo kunye nokugcina iaudio. Ezinye zezona teknoloji zidumileyo ziquka:
- Ukurekhodwa kwe-hard disk: Umsindo urekhodwa kwaye ugcinwe kwi-hard drive, evumela ukuhlela lula kunye nokuguqulwa kweefayile zeaudio.
- Iteyiphu yomsindo yedijithali (DAT): Ifomati yokurekhoda yedijithali esebenzisa iteyiphu yemagnethi ukugcina idatha yesandi.
- I-CD, iDVD, kunye neediski ze-Blu-ray: Ezi diski ezibonakalayo zinokugcina isixa esikhulu sedatha yedijithali yeaudio kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kumculo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwevidiyo.
- I-Minidisc: Ifomathi encinci, ephathekayo yediski eyayidumile ngeminyaka yoo-1990s nasekuqaleni koo-2000.
- I-Super Audio CD (i-SACD): Ifomethi yomsindo enesisombululo esiphezulu esebenzisa i-disc ekhethekileyo kunye nomdlali ukuphumeza umgangatho ongcono wesandi kuneeCD eziqhelekileyo.
Ukudlala Technologies
Iifayile zomsindo weDijithali zinokudlalwa kwakhona kusetyenziswa iintlobo ngeentlobo zetekhnoloji, kubandakanya:
- Iikhompyutha: Iifayile ezirekhodiweyo zedijithali zinokudlalwa kwakhona kwiikhomputha kusetyenziswa isoftwe yesidlali semidiya.
- Abadlali bedijithali beaudio: Izixhobo eziphathwayo ezinjengee-iPod kunye nee-smartphones zinokudlala kwakhona iifayile zedijithali.
- I-Workstationdigital audio workstations: Isoftware yeaudio yobuchwephesha esetyenziselwa ukurekhoda, ukuhlela, kunye nokudibanisa iaudio yedijithali.
- Abadlali be-CD abaqhelekileyo: Aba badlali banokudlala iiCD ezivakalayo ezisemgangathweni, ezisebenzisa iteknoloji yedijithali.
Usasazo kunye nobuChwephesha beRadio
Itekhnoloji ye-audio yedijithali nayo ibe nempembelelo enkulu kusasazo nakunomathotholo. Ezinye zezona teknoloji zidumileyo ziquka:
- Irediyo ye-HD: Itekhnoloji yerediyo yedijithali evumela isandi esikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo njengengoma kunye nolwazi lwamagcisa.
- Mondiale: Umgangatho wosasazo lwedijithali osetyenziswa eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
- Usasazo lukanomathotholo lwedijithali: Izikhululo zikanomathotholo ezininzi ngoku zisasaza ngefomathi yedijithali, nto leyo evumela umgangatho ongcono wesandi kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nengoma nolwazi lwamagcisa.
Iifomathi zomsindo kunye nomgangatho
Iifayile zomsindo wedijithali zinokugcinwa kwiifomati ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:
- I-MP3: Ifomati yomsindo ecinezelweyo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukusasaza umculo.
- I-WAV: Ifomati yomsindo engaxinzelelwanga edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zeaudio zobuchwephesha.
- I-FLAC: Ifomati yomsindo engalahlekiyo ebonelela ngesandi esikumgangatho ophezulu ngaphandle kokuncama ubungakanani befayile.
Umgangatho womsindo wedijithali ulinganiswa ngesisombululo kunye nobunzulu. Ukuphakama kwesisombululo kunye nobunzulu, ngcono umgangatho wesandi. Ezinye izisombululo eziqhelekileyo kunye nobunzulu bubandakanya:
- I-16-bit / 44.1kHz: i-audio yekhwalithi yeCD.
- I-24-bit / 96kHz: I-audio enesisombululo esiphezulu.
- I-32-bit/192kHz: Iaudio ekumgangatho weStudio.
Usetyenziso lwe-Digital Audio Technologies
Itekhnoloji yomsindo wedijithali inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanya:
- Ukwenza isandi sekonsathi esigqibeleleyo: Itekhnoloji yedijithali yomsindo ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kumanqanaba esandi kunye nomgangatho, okwenza kube lula ukufezekisa isandi esigqibeleleyo kwisetingi zekonsathi ephilayo.
- Amagcisa azimeleyo: Itekhnoloji yomsindo weDijithali yenze ukuba kube lula ukuba amagcisa azimeleyo arekhode kwaye asasaze umculo wabo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeleyibhile yokurekhoda.
- Irediyo kunye nosasazo: Itekhnoloji ye-audio yedijithali ivumele umgangatho ongcono wesandi kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo kunomathotholo kunye nosasazo.
- Ukuveliswa kwefilimu kunye nevidiyo: Itekhnoloji yedijithali ye-audio isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yefilimu kunye nevidiyo ukurekhoda nokuhlela iingoma ezivakalayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kobuqu: Itekhnoloji yedijithali yomsindo yenze kwalula ukuba abantu benze kwaye babelane ngomculo wabo kunye norekhodo.
ISampulu yeDijithali
Yintoni iSampuli?
Isampuli yinkqubo yokuguqula umculo okanye nayiphi na enye isandi somsindo sibe yifomathi yedijithali. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuthatha i-snapshots rhoqo ye-soundwave kwindawo ethile ngexesha kwaye iguqulelwe kwidatha yedijithali. Ubude bezi snapshots bumisela umgangatho wesiphumo somsindo wedijithali.
Indlela iSampulu eSebenza ngayo
Ukusampula kubandakanya isoftware ekhethekileyo eguqula i-analog soundwave ibe yifomathi yedijithali. I-software ithatha i-snapshots ye-soundwave kwindawo ethile ngexesha, kwaye ezi zifinyezo ziguqulwa zibe yidatha yedijithali. Iziphumo zomsindo wedijithali zinokugcinwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeediski, ii-hard drives, okanye zikhutshelwe kwi-intanethi.
Ireyithi yeSampulu kunye noMgangatho
Umgangatho wesampulu yomsindo uxhomekeke kwireyithi yesampulu, elinani leefoto ezithatyathwe ngesekhondi. Okukhona uphezulu ireyithi yesampulu, kokukhona umgangatho wesiphumo somsindo wedijithali. Nangona kunjalo, izinga eliphezulu lesampulu likwathetha ukuba indawo eninzi ithathwa kwindawo yokugcina.
Uxinzelelo kunye noGuquko
Ukufaka iifayile ezinkulu zeaudio kwindawo ephathekayo okanye ukuzikhuphela kwi-intanethi, ucinezelo luhlala lusetyenziswa. Uxinzelelo lubandakanya ukukhetha okuthile amaza kunye neeharmonics ukwenza kwakhona isoundwave yesampulu, ishiya indawo eninzi ye-wiggle yesandi sokwenyani ukuba siphinde senziwa. Le nkqubo ayifezekanga, kwaye ulwazi oluthile lulahlekile kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweSampulu
Iisampulu isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengokudala umculo, iziphumo zesandi, kunye nakwimveliso yevidiyo. Ikwasetyenziswa ekudaleni iaudio yedijithali yerediyo ye-FM, iikhamera, kunye neenguqulelo ezithile zekhamera yecanon. Isampuli iyacetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungaqhelekanga, kodwa ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo, isantya esiphezulu sesampuli siyacetyiswa.
ujongano
Yintoni ujongano lweaudio?
Ujongano lomsindo zizixhobo eziguqula imiqondiso yomsindo we-analog ukusuka kwimakrofoni kunye nezixhobo zibe ziimpawu zedijithali ezinokusetyenzwa ngesoftware ekhompyuter. Bakwahambisa imiqondiso yomsindo yedijithali ukusuka kwikhompyuter ukuya kwii-headphones, iimonitha zestudiyo, kunye nezinye iiperipherals. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zojongano lweaudio olukhoyo, kodwa olona hlobo luqhelekileyo nolona luqhelekileyo lulo i-USB (Universal Serial Bus) ujongano.
Kutheni ufuna i-audio interface?
Ukuba usebenzisa isoftware yeaudio kwikhompyuter yakho kwaye ufuna ukurekhoda okanye udlale iaudio ekumgangatho ophezulu, uya kufuna ujongano lweaudio. Uninzi lweekhompyuter zinonxibelelwano lweaudio eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, kodwa ezi zihlala zisisiseko kwaye aziboneleli ngowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo. Ujongano lweaudio lwangaphandle luya kukunika umgangatho ongcono wesandi, igalelo elingaphezulu kunye neziphumo, kunye nolawulo ngakumbi kwiaudio yakho.
Zeziphi iinguqulelo zamva nje zojongano lweaudio?
Iinguqulelo zamva nje zonxibelelwano lweaudio ziyafumaneka kwiivenkile ezithengisa izixhobo zomculo. Zincinci kakhulu kule mihla kwaye unokukhupha ngokukhawuleza izitokhwe ezindala. Ngokucacileyo, ngokukhawuleza ufuna ukuthenga, ngokukhawuleza unokufumana iinguqulelo zamva nje ze-audio interfaces.
Umgangatho womsindo weDijithali
intshayelelo
Xa kuziwa kwi-audio yedijithali, umgangatho yinto ebalulekileyo. Ukumelwa kwedijithali kwemiqondiso yomsindo kuphunyezwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yisampulu, ebandakanya ukuthatha imiqondiso ye-analog eqhubekayo kwaye iguqulelwe kumanani amanani. Le nkqubo iyiguqule indlela esibamba ngayo, silahlekisa, kwaye sivelise isandi, kodwa izisa imingeni emitsha kunye nokuqwalaselwa komgangatho wesandi.
Iisampulu kunye neeFrequency
Umgaqo osisiseko we-audio yedijithali kukubamba kunye nokumela isandi njengoluhlu lwamanani amanani, anokuthi asetyenziswe kwaye aqhutywe kusetyenziswa usetyenziso lwesoftware. Umgangatho womsindo wedijithali uxhomekeke kwindlela echanekileyo ngayo la maxabiso amele isandi sokuqala. Oku kuchongwa ngumlinganiselo wesampulu, eliyinani lamaxesha ngesibini ukuba umqondiso we-analog ulinganiswa kwaye uguqulelwe kwisignali yedijithali.
Umculo wanamhlanje ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa ireyithi yesampulu ye-44.1 kHz, okuthetha ukuba uphawu lwe-analog luthathwa ngamaxesha angama-44,100 ngomzuzwana. Lo ngumlinganiselo ofanayo wesampulu osetyenziswa kwiiCDs, eziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokusasaza umsindo wedijithali. Amazinga aphezulu esampula, afana ne-96 kHz okanye i-192 kHz, akhona kwaye anokubonelela ngekhwalithi engcono, kodwa afuna indawo yokugcina kunye namandla okucubungula.
iDigital Signal Encoding
Nje ukuba isampula ye-analog ithathwe isampuli, ifakwe kwikhowudi yedijithali kusetyenziswa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pulse-code modulation (PCM). I-PCM imele i-amplitude yesiginali ye-analog kwindawo nganye yesampulu njengexabiso lamanani, ethi igcinwe njengoluhlu lwamanani okubini (amasuntswana). Inani lamasuntswana asetyenzisiweyo ukumela isampulu nganye limisela ubunzulu besuntswana, elichaphazela uluhlu oluguquguqukayo kunye nesisombululo somsindo wedijithali.
Umzekelo, i-CD isebenzisa ubunzulu be-16 bits, enokumela i-65,536 yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-amplitude. Oku kubonelela ngoluhlu oluguquguqukayo olumalunga ne-96 dB, olwaneleyo kwiindawo ezininzi zokumamela. Ubunzulu obuphezulu, obufana neebhithi ezingama-24 okanye iibhithi ezingama-32, zinokubonelela ngomgangatho ongcono kunye noluhlu oluguquguqukayo, kodwa zifuna indawo enkulu yokugcina kunye namandla okusebenza.
Digital Audio Manipulation
Enye yeenzuzo zeaudio yedijithali kukukwazi ukukhohlisa kunye nokuqhuba umqondiso usebenzisa usetyenziso lwesoftware. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuhlela, ukuxuba, ukusebenzisa iziphumo, kunye nokulinganisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zinokuchaphazela umgangatho womsindo wedijithali.
Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iziphumo ezithile okanye utshintsho kwisignali yesandi kunokuthoba umgangatho okanye ukwazisa izinto zakudala. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imida kunye nobuchule besoftware esetyenziswayo, kunye neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yomsindo.
IMveliso yoMculo eZimeleyo kunye neDijithali yomsindo
Ukusuka kwiChunky Decks ukuya kwiZixhobo ezifikelelekayo
Zihambile iintsuku xa ukurekhoda umculo ngokobuchule kwakuthetha ukutyala imali kwiidekhi zechunky kunye nezixhobo ezibizayo. Ngokufika komsindo wedijithali, amagcisa azimeleyo kwihlabathi liphela ngoku angenza umculo kwizitudiyo zabo zasekhaya yonke imihla. Ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezifikelelekayo kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu imboni yomculo, kudala impembelelo entle kwiimvumi ezinokuthi ngoku zivelise umculo wazo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
Ukuqonda uMgangatho weDigital Audio
I-audio yedijithali yindlela yokurekhoda amaza omsindo njengedatha yedijithali. Isisombululo kunye nesantya sesampulu somsindo wedijithali sichaphazela umgangatho wesandi. Nantsi imbali emfutshane yendlela umgangatho womsindo wedijithali oye wavela ngayo ekuhambeni kweminyaka:
- Kwiintsuku zokuqala zomsindo wedijithali, iireyithi zesampulu zaziphantsi, ezibangela umgangatho ombi wesandi.
- Njengoko itekhnoloji iphucuka, imilinganiselo yesampulu yanda, nto leyo ekhokelela kumgangatho ongcono wesandi.
- Namhlanje, umgangatho womsindo wedijithali uphezulu kakhulu, kunye namazinga esampuli kunye nobunzulu obuthatha ngokuchanekileyo amaza omsindo.
Ukurekhodwa kunye nokuLungiselela i-Digital Audio
Ukurekhoda iaudio yedijithali, iimvumi zisebenzisa iikhibhodi ezizimeleyo, izixhobo ezibonakalayo, i-software synthesizers, kunye neeplagi zeFX. Inkqubo yokurekhoda ibandakanya ukuguqula iimpawu ze-analog kwidatha yedijithali usebenzisa abaguquli be-analog-to-digital. Idatha yedijithali ke igcinwe njengeefayile ekhompyutheni. Ubungakanani beefayile buxhomekeke kwisisombululo kunye nesantya sesampuli yokurekhoda.
Ukubambezeleka kunye neMveliso
Ukubambezeleka kukulibaziseka phakathi kwegalelo lesandi kunye nokuqhubekeka kwaso. Kwi mveliso yomculo, i-latency ingaba yingxaki xa urekhoda i-multitracks okanye iziqu. Ukunqanda i-latency, iimvumi zixhomekeke kunxibelelwano lwe-audio-latency ephantsi kunye neeprosesa. Imiqondiso yedatha yedijithali icutshungulwa ngesekethe, eyenza umfanekiso wamaza wesandi. Lo mfanekiso we-waveform uphinde wakhiwe kwakhona kwisandi ngesixhobo sokudlala.
Ukugqwesa kunye noluhlu oluDynamic
I-audio yedijithali inoluhlu oluguquguqukayo oluphezulu, oku kuthetha ukuba inokubamba ngokuchanekileyo uluhlu olupheleleyo lwesandi. Nangona kunjalo, iaudiyo yedijithali inokuthi ichaphazeleke ngokugqwetheka, njengokuklitshwa kunye nokugqwethwa kobungakanani. Ukuqhawula kwenzeka xa isignali yegalelo idlula i-headroom yenkqubo yedijithali, okubangela ukuphazamiseka. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-quantization kwenzeka xa inkqubo yedijithali ijikeleza isignali ukuba ingene kumacandelo aqinileyo, igxininise ukuchaneka kwiindawo ezithile ngexesha.
Iiplatforms zokuSasazwa kweNtlalo
Ngokunyuka kwamaqonga okusasaza kwezentlalo, iimvumi ezizimeleyo ngoku zinokusasaza umculo wazo kubaphulaphuli behlabathi ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeleyibhile yokurekhoda. La maqonga avumela iimvumi ukuba zilayishe umculo wazo kwaye zabelane ngazo nabalandeli bazo. Idemokhrasi yokusasazwa komculo idale inguqu yokwenyani yetekhnoloji, inika iimvumi inkululeko yokuyila kunye nokwabelana ngomculo wazo nehlabathi.
isiphelo
Ngoko ke unayo, yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga audio digital ngokufutshane. I-audio yedijithali lumelo lwesandi njengamaxabiso ahlukeneyo amanani, kunokuba njengamaza asemzimbeni aqhubekayo.
Irediyo yedijithali iye yatshintsha indlela esirekhoda ngayo, sigcina, silawula, kwaye simamela umculo. Ke, ungoyiki ukuntywila kwaye wonwabele izibonelelo zobu buchwepheshe bumangalisayo!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
