UChristian Frederick Martin, Sr. (; nge-31 kaJanuwari 1796 – Februwari 16, 1873) wayengumMelika ozalelwe eJamani. ngakumbi abagqwesileyo kwiziginci. Wenza isiginkci sokuqala eUnited States ngeminyaka yoo-1830 kwaye waseka i CF Martin kunye neNkampani.
Ehlabathini leekatala ze-acoustic, igama elinye livelele ngaphezu kwawo onke amanye: CF Martin & Co. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-180, olu hlobo lwekatala lwaseMelika luvelisa ezona zixhobo zifunwayo kakhulu kwihlabathi. Kodwa ngubani uCF Martin, kwaye ibali lakhe lisixelela ntoni malunga ne imbali yeziginci acoustic? Masingene kwi ubomi kunye namaxesha ale luthier yokuqala.
Isishwankathelo seCF Martin
CF Martin (1796-1873) wayengumenzi wesiginci waseMelika kwaye udla ngokubalwa ngokuyila ikatala yale mihla ye-acoustic. Njengoluthier kunye nomseki weMartin & Co. Guitars, ilifa lakhe liye labunjwa zizizukulwana zabantu abanezakhono abasebenza kumzi-mveliso omncinci ofanayo eNazarete, ePennsylvania nakwezinye iindawo kwiminyaka emininzi.
Wazalelwa eJamani, CF Martin washiya ikhaya nge-17 ukuya kufunda kunye Ivenkile yegitala kaJohann Stauffer eVienna, eOstriya-oyena mntu uphambili kumenzi wesiginci eYurophu ngelo xesha. Kungekudala wafumana udumo ngomsebenzi wakhe waza ekugqibeleni wamiselwa njengentloko yesebe elitsha lemveliso emva ekhaya eJamani; ukuseta ibha ephezulu yokusebenza komgangatho obuya kuchaza umsebenzi wakhe njengenkosi luthier eMelika kumashumi eminyaka kamva.
UMartin akazange ayamkele ngokupheleleyo imigaqo kaStauffer xa wayethatha isiginkci ebuyela eJamani, kodwa wayebonakalise ukuqonda okwaneleyo ukuba abekwe phezu kwesebe elidumileyo lenkampani elikude neVienna, apho uStauffer wayezinze khona. Uqhubekile nokuzama iindlela zokwakha kunye noyilo, ivula indlela yeendlela ezintsha kumashumi eminyaka ezayo eza kuchaza iziginkci zangoku njengoko sizazi namhlanje-ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumbono weenqobo zemveli ezifana umgangatho womsebenzi kunye nobuhle ezazisele zikhona ngeentsuku zokuqala zikaMartin njengobusker ojikeleza eFransi okanye edlala kwimidaniso yaseViennese ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumfundi wexesha elizeleyo.
Obomi bakwangoko
UChristian Frederick Martin, Sr. wazalwa ngo-1796 eMarkneukirchen, eJamani. UMartin waphenjelelwa yeyakhe utatomkhulu, iluthier egama layo labethelelwa kwimbali yelutherie. Utata kaMartin, UJohann Georg Martin, naye wayelilungisa, yaye bobabini babesebenza kunye kwivenkile yentsapho. UMartin waba nguye isizukulwana sesithathu wosapho lwakhe ukuba asebenze kwilutherie kwaye wafunda ubugcisa kuyise esemncinane.
Imvelaphi kaCF Martin kunye nokukhuliswa kwakhe
UChristian Frederick Martin, Sr., wazalwa ngowe-1796, engunyana wentsapho eyayiqhuba ishishini lewayini eMarkneukirchen, eJamani. Xa wayeneminyaka emithandathu kuphela ubudala, uyise wamnika isixhobo sakhe sokuqala - i-zither endala. UMartin waqala ukuziqhelanisa nenkuthalo yokucula kwaye eneminyaka eyi-13 wajoyina isikolo sokwenza izixhobo zokusebenza kufutshane nedolophu yakhe.
Ngo-1808, ukuqeqeshwa okusesikweni kweCF kwaqala UJohann Anton Stauffer eVienna. Ngelo xesha, iVienna yayiyi-hotbed yokwenza izixhobo kwaye nangona yayibonakala ngathi ikamva elikhangayo kwi-CF, iVienna yayingamkeli iitalente zaseJamani - esemncinci kuphela - kwaye ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwaphela emva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela ngo-1811.
Emva kokubuyela eMarkneukirchen enamava kunye namabhongo angaphezulu kunangaphambili, kungekudala waba yi-luthier enezakhono kwaye wazivulela ivenkile yakhe eneminyaka engama-20 kuphela - esenza izixhobo kwaye wade wazithengisa kubathengi kude lee eLondon! Njengoko ixesha lihamba, impumelelo yeCF yakhula ngokukhawuleza de ekugqibeleni ngo-1837 wafudukela eMelika ngokumenywa ngabanye abathengi baseMelika abamnika umsebenzi kwivenkile yabo ebekwe eMelika. KwiFifth Avenue yeSixeko saseNew York indawo (apho ivenkile ephambili kaMartin imi ngoku).
Ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe noJohann Stauffer
Kwiminyaka engama-15, CF Martin wafudukela eVienna, eOstriya ukuze ajoyine inkqubo yoqeqesho lwe UJohann Stauffer, omnye umenzi wesiginci owaziwayo. Iminyaka emine yokufunda kwakhe yayiza kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekusulungekiseni umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa kunye nobuchule bakhe ekwakheni nasekulungiseni izixhobo zeentambo, ngakumbi iziginkci. Intsomi ithi ngeli xesha yena wayila umatshini wokunceda ukugrumba imingxuma yangaphakathi yevayolin ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi.
Njengenxalenye yoqeqesho lwakhe, uMartin wasebenza kwiivayolin kunye nezixhobo ezithobileyo phantsi kweliso lika-Stauffer, efunda ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwakhiwa njani kunye nokucofa ngeempawu ukuze enze imifuziselo eyodwa yenkosi yakhe. Ukuphumelela kwakhe njengomfundi kwamkhokelela kuhambo lokufunyaniswa ejikeleze iYurophu efunda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zorhwebo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezakha iziseko zokuqala zento eyathi kamva yavela kuyilo lwakudala lukaMartin Guitars.
Ngomnyaka we-1831 eneminyaka engama-21 wayishiya iVienna ngasemva waza wabuyela ekhaya kwishishini lakhe lekhabhinethi.
umsebenzi
UChristian Frederick Martin yayiyi-luthier eyaziwayo kunye ne-innovator ngexesha lenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Wazalwa ngo-1796 eJamani, uMartin wafudukela eUnited States eneminyaka eyi-18 waza waqalisa ubugcisa bakhe bokwakha iziginkci ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Umsebenzi wakhe wathabatha amashumi amathandathu eminyaka, kwaye wabalelwa kuyo ukuyila isiginci esithandwayo ngoku sedreadnought. UMartin ngomnye wabona babalaseleyo kwi-luthiers kulo lonke ixesha kwaye ukhunjulwa ngobuchule bakhe obumangalisayo kunye nobuchule bakhe.
Masingene kubomi nakwikhondo lomsebenzi wale nto umntu ongaqhelekanga:
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaMartin njenge-luthier
UChristian Frederick Martin - eyaziwa njenge CF Martin -wayeyinkokeli yeqela kwishishini lokwenza imitya yosapho ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1820. Indima yakhe yokuqala yayiquka ukufundisa abantu abafunda umsebenzi kunye nokulawula ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ukusuka kwiplanga ukuya kwiindawo ezigqityiweyo, nto leyo eyamnika isiseko esomeleleyo somsebenzi wakhe wexesha elizayo wokuba yincutshe yoluthier.
UMartin wafundiswa eJamani waza waphucula izakhono zakhe njengomfundi phantsi kukaJohann Georg Stauffer eVienna, apho waqeqeshelwa khona iminyaka emithathu waza wafumana amava okwenza isiginci ngaphambi kokuba abuyele kwishishini lentsapho ngowe-1833. CF Martin waqala ukuzakhela izixhobo zakhe phantse ngokupheleleyo ngamacala asicaba endaweni yeemodeli ezingqukuva zemveli zexesha labo; esi simbo ngoku saziwa ngokuba"X-bracing.” Ukuzimisa ngokukhawuleza, waseka CF Martin & Co., Inc. on Matshi 1st lwaloo nyaka mnye, ukuqala ilifa elingaphulwanga eliye lanyamezela kwizizukulwana ezithandathu zolawulo ngamalungu osapho lukaMartin ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ngoku ibhiyozelwa kwihlabathi liphela njengelinye lamagama aphambili ekwenzeni izixhobo, CF Martin yayinoxanduva lokutyhalela ubugcisa besiginkci buyise kubude obutsha ngokuhambela phambili kubuchule bokwakha, imathiriyeli kunye nokhetho loyilo olufana nemodeli yokuqhafaza ekhankanywe ngasentla, iigitare zeString String kunye ne-14-fret neck ezitshintshe isakhiwo sikagita ukusuka ngoko ukuya phambili; Ingqondo yakhe yendaleko yavula iingcango zophuhliso lwangoku olufana neentonga zetruss ezihlengahlengiswayo ezisekwe zizizukulwana ezilandelayo ezibizwa ngegama lakhe.
Izinto ezintsha zakhe kuyilo lwesiginci
CF Martin wayesaziwa ngenkqubela yakhe entsha kuyilo lwesiginkci kunye nobugcisa obabuphambi kwexesha labo. Wayefuna ukwenza izixhobo zakhe zivakale bhetele, kube lula ukuzidlala, aze avelise isandi esivumelanayo nesinye isixhobo esineentambo.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, wayeza kuqamba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina iintamo zeziginci zithe tye kwaye aphuhlise iindlela ezingcono zokwakha iisistim zokubhoboza kwiziginci ukulwa nokungcangcazela komtya. Enye yezinto ezintsha ezaziwayo kakhulu kukwaziswa kwe intonga adjustable kwindawo yentamo yeegitala ukubonelela ngolawulo lwepitch yenyani kunokuba inokufezekiswa nje ngeefrets zodwa.
Olunye ulutsha lubandakanyiwe:
- Intshukumo yomtya ephuculweyo
- Ulungelelwaniso lweminwe emitsha
- Iinkqubo zokulawula ithoni ezintsha ezifana iibhulorho ezithambekileyo zeegitare zombane kwaye intonga truss adjustable for guitar acoustic.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka ukusukela ekuswelekeni kwakhe ngo-1873, umsebenzi kaMartin usaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kuyilo lwesiginkci lwangoku olusetyenziswa zezinye zezona nkwenkwezi zinkulu zomculo kunye neeluthiers ngokufanayo.
Impembelelo yakhe ekuphuhlisweni kwegitare yanamhlanje
UChristian Frederick Martin Sr., eyaziwa nje ngokuba CF Martin kwizangqa ezininzi, ithathwa ngokubanzi njengenye yezona luthiers ezinempembelelo kwimbali yesiginkci sale mihla. Wazalelwa eJamani ngo-1796, wafudukela eMelika kwaye waba ngumenzi wekhabhathi ophumeleleyo ngelixa wayeqhubeka nokuphucula ubugcisa bakhe - ukuyila, ukwakha kunye neentambo zeegita kumlinganiselo omkhulu kunaye nabani na ongaphambi kwakhe.
Iziginkci zikaMartin zasiguqula isixhobo ngobuqhetseba bakhe bokwakha, ukuqhotsa, ukukrola kunye nobukhulu (wayesaziwa ngokuvelisa iziginkci ezinemizimba emikhulu kunaleyo yayiqhelekile ngelo xesha). Wenza izixhobo ezazinazo amandla amakhulu kunye nomthamo kunabanduleli bazo, nto leyo ebenza ukuba bafaneleke ngakumbi kwimidlalo yoluntu. Ukongeza kubuchule bakhe bokuyila, uMartin wenza neyokuqala "dreadnought” isitayile esikhulu somzimba ikatala ngo-1915 - uyilo oluye lwaba lolona bukhulu baziwayo namhlanje - kwaye wakhokela ixesha elitsha lokuveliswa kwegitare elivakalayo ngokubandakanya inkqubela phambili yenkulungwane ye-19 njengezixhobo zoomatshini abaphambili kwiindlela zabo zokuvelisa.
Impembelelo kaMartin iphinda ibuyele kuyilo oluninzi lwale mihla; njengoko kungqinwa ziimodeli zayo zokuvelisa ezifana “neVintage Series” enika imbeko kuyilo lwangaphambili lwemfazwe. Ilifa lakhe lenze umgangatho woshishino olusetyenziswa bubuchule bokwakha obukhethwa ngabantu abaninzi ababizwa ngokuba “ngabakhi bevenkile ethengisa izinto ezivenkileni” abenza izixhobo zesiko elenzelwe ukuchaneka ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkcukacha kunye nemigangatho yolawulo lomgangatho ebekwe ngu. CF yena kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezadlulayo.
Kufuphi: CF Martin's Igalelo lincede ukubumba kungekuphela nje elakhe ishishini kodwa nakwishishini lanamhlanje liphela malunga nezixhobo ze-acoustic ezinelizwi eligqibeleleyo kunye nomgangatho ovakalayo onokuthi uveliswe ngokuvakalayo-nangaphandle kolwandiso-ngokugqwesa kobunjineli obuchanekileyo obudluliselwe kwiinkosi ezifana CF Martin ngokwakhe ezisaxatyiswayo nanamhlanje ngayo yonke into eyenze kumculo wanamhlanje amagcisa acula kuzo zonke iindidi.
Ilifa
CF Martin kwakucingwa ukuba ngomnye wabadlali abakhulu luthiers. Wayelichule elichubekileyo umsebenzi walo wawuhlonelwa ngabaninzi entsimini. Kwakhona uzukiswa ngokutshintsha uyilo lwale mihla iigitare ezinomsindo zentsimbi.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ngakumbi kwilifa lakhe kunye nendlela eliye lenza ngayo ibe nefuthe kuyilo lwesiginci sale mihla.
Igalelo likaCF Martin kushishino lwesiginci
UmKristu uFrederick Martin igalelo kushishino guitar ayinakulinganiswa, nanamhlanje. Wayeyincutshe yoluthier owaseka ikatala yangoku yentsimbi enomtya we-acoustic kunye neyakhe X-bracing ezintsha, kunye nokwazisa into esele yaziwa njengesona simbo somzimba sidumileyo kwintambo yentsimbi acoustics-the dreadnought.
Ilifa likaMartin lifikelela kude – uye wazisa uhlengahlengiso oluninzi kwiziginci, ezinje nge intonga, iibhodi ezitywiniweyo, ezitywinwe emthini kwaye i dovetail entanyeni joint – zonke ezi zibe ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwizixhobo zale mihla. Iimodeli zakhe zisetyenziswe ziimvumi ezingenakubalwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, ukusuka kubaqambi beklasikhi abafana noBeethoven ukuya kwiintsomi zerock ezifana noBob Dylan. CF Martin & Co.Uyilo lwe-flagship ye-Dreadnought iye yalungiswa kwaye yatolikwa ngokutsha ziiluthiers ezingenakubalwa kwihlabathi jikelele ukusukela kwintshayelelo yayo yokuqala ngo-1916 kwaye ihleli iluphawu olunophawu lokugqwesa kwiigitare ezivakalayo namhlanje.
Imigangatho ebekwe yi-CF Martin's innovations iyaqhubeka nokukhokela imigangatho yemveliso yezixhobo zangoku kwaye impembelelo yakhe iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza iiluthiers kwihlabathi jikelele abazama ukwakha phezu kwelifa lakhe. umgangatho wobugcisa kunye nethoni ebalaseleyo xa besenza ezabo iziginkci namhlanje.
Impembelelo yakhe kwiiluthiers zanamhlanje
CF Martin's Impembelelo kwiiluthier zanamhlanje isenokuvakala nanamhlanje. Uninzi lwezakhiwo zegitare kunye nemigaqo yoyilo esekwe nguMartin ziye zaqhutyelwa phambili zizizukulwana zeluthiers, okwenza impembelelo yakhe ingabonakali kuzo zombini iigitala ze-acoustic kunye nombane.
Uninzi lwabenzi besiginkci abadumileyo banamhlanje bayalivuma ityala labo kuCF Martin, ngakumbi malunga neengcinga zakhe zobuvulindlela ezizise isiginkci sentsimbi kwixesha langoku ngokuphucuka koyilo ngalunye olulandelelanayo kumashumi eminyaka - emva koko, usebenze njengo umyili oyintloko kwinkampani phantse iminyaka engama-50! Umsebenzi wakhe wobuvulindlela wenza ukuba iziginkci ze-acoustic zingxole, zomelele kwaye ziqaqambe kunangaphambili-ilifa elihlala lihleli eliye labonakala lixabisekile kubavelisi abaninzi abaphezulu kunye neenjineli zesandi kwiminyaka edlulileyo enkosi ngokuthandwa kwayo ngokufumana isandi esinqwenelekayo kwiintlobo ezininzi zomculo.
Iingcamango ezintsha zikaMartin zatshintsha indlela abantu abawuva ngayo umculo we-acoustic; ukusuka ekuqaleni blues master URobert Johnson kumagcisa anamhlanje kuquka U-Ed Sheeran, uJohn Mayer kunye noMumford & Sons – iingoma zabo zixhomekeke kwiintanda-bulumko zikaCF Martin ngethoni kunye nomgangatho eqongeni okanye kwizitudiyo ezirekhodiweyo ngokufanayo!
isiphelo
CF Martin's ilifa kwihlabathi le-luthier landisiwe kwaye ligcinwe liphila kwizizukulwana zamagcisa kunye nabasetyhini kwihlabathi liphela. Yakhe"Martin” ikatala ithathwa njengenye ye ezona zixhobo zinesandi kwaye isetyenziswe zezinye iimvumi eziphambili. Impembelelo yakhe kwihlabathi lomculo kunye nelutherie iye yaba -ngathetheleleki kwaye uya kuqhubeka ephila iminyaka ezayo.
Isishwankathelo sobomi bukaCF Martin kunye nelifa
CF Martin wayengumenzi weluthier kunye nesiginkci owenze ezinye zezona guitar zinamandla okucula ukuba angaze alibabale ihlabathi lomculo. Wazalwa ngo-1796 eJamani, ephuma kusapho lwe-luthiers eyenza izixhobo ezineentambo ezahlukeneyo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Waqala ukusebenza ngezixhobo zakhe esemncinane kakhulu kwaye kungekudala wafudukela eUnited States ukuya kuqalisa ishishini lakhe. Emva kokujikeleza ilizwe nokudibana neenkampani ezininzi zomculo, uMartin waseka CF Martin kunye neNkampani Ngo-1833 ekugqibeleni wavula indawo yokuvelisa eNazarete, ePennsylvania.
Ngexesha lakhe njengentloko ye CF Martin kunye neNkampani, waseka imigangatho ngaphakathi kwishishini lesiginci esekho nanamhlanje njengokufezekiswa kwe X eqinisa indlela yokuqinisa iziginci kunye nokubeka imigangatho ephezulu yobugcisa kunye noyilo xa kuziwa ekwenzeni isiginci. CF Martin kwakhona imilo ezinye izimbo original acoustic-yombane evumela abadlali abaneemfuno ezahlukeneyo tonal okanye iimfuno ukusebenza ephilayo ezo iinketho ngoku ziyafumaneka kunye imodeli guitar enye ebonelela lula zange yabonwa phambi kweli xesha kwimbali isiginci.
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uCF Martin wavelisa malunga ne-1700 yoyilo olwahlukileyo kuzo zombini iintambo ezineentambo ezintandathu kunye neziginci ezili-12 kunye nezixhobo zosapho zemandolin ezifana ne-mandolins kunye ne-ukuleles zonke eziphawulwe ngobuchule bazo obugqwesileyo boyilo kunye nethowuni ebhetele ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye. Iifektri zomhla wayo ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuthathela ingqalelo okucokisekileyo kukaMartin kwiinkcukacha xa esenza ezi nxalenye zecandelo leziginci: iibhodi zeminwe, iimilo zebhulorho & nobukhulu, iimilo zentamo yeidiosyncratic & Ukwakhiwa komzimba nzulu ukubanceda ukuba babe zizixhobo zomzimba ezivakalayo ngakumbi ngenxa yezi zisombululo zoyilo eziye zasinda de kube namhlanje ziphawula iCFMartin kwintsomi yaseMelika ekhuthaze iilutheries ezininzi zanamhlanje.
Ilifa elishiywe nguCF Martin lisahlonitshwa ngabadlali abaninzi namhlanje apho umntu unokungena kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile yomculo okanye akhangele kwi-intanethi enye yeenguqulelo / iinguqulelo ezininzi eziqhuba igama layo ngakumbi kulo lonke ixesha labo. Dreadnought series (James Taylor / Tony Rice Model) Uchungechunge lobuchwephesha (OM – 18, OM -28) D-15M, D16RGTE zonke ezakhelwe phantsi kwemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho omiselwe yile ngcibi inkulu ethe yagcinwa iyinyani kude kube namhlanje ivumela ukuba sonke sifikeleleke lula ekufumaneni into eyenza ukuba iCFMartin ibe yi icon ngokwenene kule minyaka ingama-200 idlulileyo.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
