Ifrikhwekhwekhwe yesandi, okanye ngokulula, ngumlinganiselo wenani lamaxesha ipateni ye periodic enjengokushukuma kwesandi okwenzeka ngesekondi.
Ukuphindaphinda luphawu olubalulekileyo lwesandi kuba sibumba indlela abantu abasibona ngayo.
Umzekelo, singakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwezandi zezandi ezisezantsi kunye nezandi eziphezulu kwaye sinovakalelo kwiifrikhwensi ezikuluhlu oluphakathi.
Ukuba isandi sinamandla amaninzi kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu, iindlebe zethu zingenako ukuthabatha kwii-frequencies ezisezantsi, okubangelwa ithoni enzima. Ngokufanayo, ukuba amandla amaninzi agxininiswe kwii-frequencies ezisezantsi, iindlebe zethu zingenako ukuqonda ama-frequencies aphezulu.
Ukuqonda umgaqo osisiseko wokuphindaphinda kunceda iimvumi kunye neaudio njineli velisa imixube yomculo engcono. Umculo orekhodiweyo kumanqanaba angachanekanga okanye ngokubekwa kakubi kwesixhobo kunokubangela imixube enesandi esinodaka kunye nokungacaci. Ukukhetha izixhobo kunye neesampulu ngokusekwe kwi-frequency spectrum-okanye ithowuni-kuyimfuneko ekuveliseni imixube elungeleleneyo ezoba ngaphandle kwesixhobo ngasinye iimpawu ezizodwa kwaye idityaniswe kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto zengoma. Ukongeza, iinjineli zobuchule zisebenzisa iinkqubo ze-equalization (EQ) ukulawula kunye nokubumba ezi frikhwensi zibe ngumxube obonakalayo obonisa ukucaca kwinqanaba ngalinye ngelixa ugcina ulungelelwaniso ngokubanzi.
Yintoni i-Audio Frequency?
Izandi zesandi lisantya apho amaza esandi ashukuma okanye ashukume ngexesha elithile. Ilinganiswa ngeHertz (Hz). Ifrikhwensi yomsindo ichaphazela umgangatho wethoni kunye ne-timbre yesandi. Yinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yomculo njengoko imisela indlela izinto ezahlukeneyo zesandi sengoma. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ukuba yeyiphi i-audio frequency kwaye kutheni ibalulekile kumculo.
inkcazelo
I-Audio frequency, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiHertz (Hz), luluhlu lwezandi ezivakalayo eziviwayo kwindlebe yomntu. I-Audio frequency iqala kwi-20 Hz kwaye iphele kwi-20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Olu luhlu lwamaza esandi lubandakanya into esiyibiza ngokuba “yi-spectrum evakalayo”. Okukhona sisiya sisehla isandi esivakalayo, kokukhona izandi zifana ne-bass; ngexa okukhona sisiya phezulu kwispectrum, kokukhona izandi ezifana ne treble zisiya zisiba.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayizizo zonke iiaudio ezinamazinga alinganayo kuzo zonke iifrikhwensi - nokuba ubhekisa kurekhodiweyo ngempendulo ecaba - ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi zomzimba. Umzekelo, isiginkci se-bass sinokuthi singxole ngakumbi kunevayolin kumxube nangona inyinwe ngokulinganayo ngasekhohlo nasekunene kumxube we-stereo kuba izixhobo ze-bass zivelisa amaza asezantsi abantu abanokukuva ngcono kunezandi eziphakamileyo.
Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba abavelisi bomculo kunye neenjineli zesandi ngokufanayo bawuqonde lo mbono ukuba bajonge ukwenza umculo okanye ukuxuba iaudio ngobungcali. Ii-EQ eziDynamic ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuqhutywa komsebenzi wokuvelisa umculo ukukrola ngokuthe ngqo naziphi na iincopho ezingafunekiyo kuyo yonke imimandla eyahlukeneyo yefrikhwensi ngokweenjongo zomculo ezifunwayo. Ukongeza iiCompressors zinokusetyenziswa ecaleni kwee-EQ zeminye imisebenzi efana nokunyusa amanqanaba evolumu abonwayo ngaphakathi kweMixube kunye neeseshoni zokuBambisa.
Amanqanaba oRhoqo
I-audio frequency yinkalo ebalulekileyo yesandi kunye nokuveliswa komculo, njengoko imisela isandi kunye noluhlu lwesandi. I-frequency inxulumene nendlela into eshukuma ngayo ngokukhawuleza - okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona lingcangcazela. Ilinganiswa nge-hertz (Hz).
Indlebe yomntu ngokuqhelekileyo ibona amaza phakathi kwe-20 Hz kunye ne-20,000 Hz (okanye 20 kHz). Uninzi lwezixhobo zomculo zivelisa izandi phakathi kolu luhlu. Noko ke, asizizo zonke izandi eziviwayo ebantwini; ezinye iifrikhwensi ziphantsi kakhulu okanye ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba iindlebe zethu zingabonwa.
Iimpawu zesandi zinokwahlulwa ngokwezintlu zefrikhwensi:
-I-Sub-bass: 0–20 Hz (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-infrasonic okanye i-ultrasonic). Oku kuquka iifrikhwensi esingevayo kodwa izixhobo zokurekhoda ezichongwayo, nto leyo esinceda ukuba siwasebenzise ukuze enze isandi esikhethekileyo.
-Bass: 20–250 Hz (iizandi ezisezantsi)
-Phantsi embindini: 250–500 Hz
-Midrange: 500–4 kHz (olu luhlu luqulethe uninzi lwezixhobo ze-harmonic zezwi kunye nezixhobo zendalo)
-Phakamisa phakathi: 4 – 8 kHz
-Upper treble/ubukho: 8 – 16 kHz (ivumela ukucaca kumalungu elizwi okanye isixhobo somculo)
-I-treble ephezulu / i-airband: 16 -20kHz (idala ukuphela okuphezulu kunye nokuvuleka).
Ingaba Izandi zezandi ziwuchaphazela njani uMculo?
Ukuphindaphinda kwesandi yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukuba umsebenzi womculo uya kuvakala njani. Izandi zesandi ngumlinganiselo woluhlu lwezandi ezinokubonwa ngabantu ngesandi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswa kwi-hertz kwaye inokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwindlela evakala ngayo ingoma. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukuba i-audio frequency iwuchaphazela njani umculo kwaye kutheni kubalulekile xa usenza umculo.
Iifrikhwensi eziphantsi
Iifrikhwensi ezisezantsi zenza umculo uzive unzima kuba uphethe amandla asezantsi akhoyo kwizixhobo ezininzi. Iifrikhwensi ezisezantsi zinokuvakala njengemvakalelo yomzimba ngee-headphones, izithethi kunye nee-headphones ezirhoxisa ingxolo. Uluhlu lwamaza omsindo esimamelayo luphakathi kwe-20 Hz kunye ne-20,000 Hz, kodwa ngokubanzi, abantu abaninzi badla ngokubona izandi kuluhlu oluncinci phakathi kwe-50 Hz ukuya kwi-10 kHz.
Uluhlu lokuphindaphinda okuphantsi
Uluhlu olusezantsi lwesandi esivakalayo lala naphi na ngaphantsi kwe-100 Hz kwaye lwenziwe ngamanqaku e-bass - ii-octaves ezisezantsi ze-frequency ezidalwe zizixhobo ezifana nee-bass guitar, ii-bass eziphindwe kabini, iidramu kunye neepiyano. Ezi zivakala ngaphezu kokuviwa kuba zikholisa ukungcangcazela umjelo wendlebe wakho obangela eyakhe imvakalelo eyongeza amandla kunye nokugcwala kumxube. Iingoma ezininzi zinee-frequencies ezisezantsi phakathi kwe-50 - 70 Hz yokongeza i-heft kwinqanaba lobukho.
Uluhlu oluPhezulu lokuphindaphinda
Uluhlu oluphezulu lokubonwa lulele ngaphezulu kwe-4 kHz kwaye luvelisa izandi ezicacileyo okanye eziqaqambileyo kwizixhobo ezifana namacangci, iintsimbi ezikhalayo okanye amanqaku aphezulu asuka kwipiyano okanye kwiikhibhodi. Uluhlu lwamaza omoya aphezulu luvelisa isandi esiphakamileyo kunezandi ezisezantsi-cinga malunga nokuba intsimbi yecawe ivakala kangakanani xa ithelekiswa neendudumo! Iindlebe zakho zinokuva ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 kHz okanye i-18 kHz, kodwa nantoni na engaphezu kwe-8 kWh ibizwa ngokuba luluhlu “lwe-ultra high frequency” (UHF). Inceda ukwahlula ukuphefumla okanye iinkcukacha ezithile kwizixhobo ezixutywe ngokusondeleleneyo ezinokuthi ngenye indlela zilahleke phantsi kwenye kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo okuphulaphula.
Mid Frequencies
Iifrikhwensi eziphakathi zikholisa ukuqulatha eyona miba ibalulekileyo kwingoma, efana nomculo wokuqala, ilothe kunye nezixhobo ezingasemva. Kwiirekhodi zezwi, i-mid-range iqulethe yonke into ebalulekileyo yelizwi lomntu. Phakathi kwe-250Hz kunye ne-4,000Hz, uya kufumana amacandelo aphakathi omxube wakho.
Kwangendlela enye onokuthi usebenzise i-EQ ukusika iifrikhwensi ezithile ukwenza indawo yezinye izinto kumxube wakho, unokuyisebenzisa ukonyusa okanye ukunciphisa naziphi na ezi frikhwensi ze-midrange ukuze zilungele iimfuno zakho zomculo. Ukunyusa okanye ukunciphisa iifrikhwensi ezithile phakathi kolu luhlu kunokunika iingoma ubukho ngakumbi okanye kubenze "batshone" kwindawo ebangqongileyo, ngokulandelelanayo. Kuluncedo xa uxuba ingoma equlathe iinxalenye ezininzi zeengoma okanye izixhobo ezininzi ezixakekileyo ezidlala kuluhlu lwamaza afanayo; oku kukuvumela ukuba ugxininise kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ngelixa ugcina isandi esilungeleleneyo.
Ukongeza ekulungiseni iifrikhwensi zomntu ngamnye kwicandelo eliphakathi lomxube wakho, kunokuba luncedo (phantsi kweemeko ezithile) ukusebenzisa i-plugin ye-equalizer eyongeza ubukho okanye ukucaca kuzo zonke izihlandlo ezingaphakathi kolu luhlu (umz., Aphex Aural Exciter). Ngokwenza njalo, uya kukwazi ukwenza imali enkulu kuzo zonke ezo ziphakathi kuluhlu lweharmonics kwaye udale isandi esijikelezileyo esijikelezileyo esinenkcazo engcono phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo kunye nezinto ezibekwe kolu luhlu lwamaza.
Iifrikhwensi eziphezulu
Iifrikhwensi eziphezulu, okanye i-treble, zifumaneka kumjelo ochanekileyo womxube we-stereo kwaye ziquka izandi eziphezulu ezivakalayo (ngaphezu kwe-2,000 Hz). Ibhalansi yeefrikhwensi eziphezulu ecaleni koluhlu oluphakathi kunye neefrikhwensi ezisezantsi zihlala zikhokelela kumfanekiso we-sonic ocacileyo. Banoxanduva lokukhanyisa umkhondo kwaye banike ukucaca kwizixhobo zokubhalisa eziphezulu ezifana neesimbali kunye neenkuni.
Kwimixube enomxholo ophezulu kakhulu we-frequency, izixhobo zinokuqala ukuvakala zibuhlungu ezindlebeni zakho. Ukuze ugweme oku, zama ukunciphisa iifrikhwensi ezithile kwi-spectrum ephezulu. Ukusebenzisa ubuqili Iifayile malunga ne-10 kHz iyakunciphisa ubungqwabalala ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba awuphulukani nenye 'yokukhanya' kwi-percussion okanye imitya.
I-treble encinci kakhulu inokubangela ukuba iingoma ziphulukane nengcaciso kwi-octave ephezulu yezixhobo ezifana nekatala okanye ipiyano. I-EQ ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwazisa ngobuchule ukuphakama okungaphezulu ngokunyusa amaza athile malunga ne-4-10 kHz ukuze kucace okongeziweyo ukuba kuyafuneka. Oku kunceda ukukhupha izinto ezizimeleyo kumxube ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba zivakale ngokuhlabayo ezindlebeni zakho. Ukunyusa ngokufihlakeleyo amaza aphezulu ajikeleze i-6 dB kunokwenza wonke umahluko! Ukongeza ukuthungwa okungaphezulu okanye i-ambience kwingoma, imisila ebanzi yereverb enomxholo wefrikhwensi ephezulu ingasetyenziswa ngokunjalo; oku kuvelisa iziphumo ezinomoya okanye eziphuphileyo ezihlala kakuhle ngaphezulu kweengoma zengoma kunye nezinye izandi kumxube.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, amaza omsindo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso yomculo kunye nobunjineli obufanelekileyo besandi. Ngumlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwesandi ngokuhamba kwexesha, ovelisa ukuguquguquka kwesandi esiyimfuneko ukwenza umculo. Uluhlu lwayo lumisela uluhlu lwamanqaku aviweyo yindlebe yomntu kwisiqwenga esinikiweyo somculo kwaye inkcazo yayo inokwahluka ukusuka kwesinye isixhobo ukuya kwesinye. Ukuqonda indlela elisebenza ngayo eli candelo kuvumela iimvumi, iinjineli kunye nabavelisi ukuba bafumane esona sandi sibalaseleyo kurekhodisho lwabo. Ngokuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwibhalansi yefrikhwensi yengoma njengoko isenziwayo, inokunika ingoma ukucaca, ukumila kunye noluhlu oluyimfuneko kumculo ovakalayo. Liqhekeza elinye ukugqiba nayiphi na imveliso yebakala lobungcali.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
