Kuthetha ukuthini "ukusebenza" kwizinto zombane? Ligama oliva kakhulu xa uxoxa ngezinto zombane, kodwa lithetha ukuthini kanye kanye? Kwi-electronics, “esebenzayo” ithetha isekethe okanye isixhobo esisebenzisa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukulawula ukuhamba kombane. Ngokungafaniyo namacandelo asebenzayo, amacandelo asebenzayo aqulethe izixhobo ezisebenzayo ezigcina, ezilawulayo, kunye nokubonelela ngolawulo lokukhulisa iimpawu zombane.
Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba “sebenzayo” kwizinto zombane kwaye ndijonge eminye yeyona mizekelo ixhaphakileyo.
IiSekethe eziSebenzayo: Iindlu zaMandla zoMbane
Iisekethe ezisebenzayo luhlobo lwesekethe yombane equlethe ubuncinane isixhobo esisebenzayo, esinamandla okulawula ukuhamba kombane. Ezi sekethe zinoxanduva lokubonelela ngamandla, ukukhulisa, kunye nolawulo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ze-elektroniki.
Imizekelo yeeNqaku zeSekethe eziSebenzayo
Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo yezinto ezisebenzayo zesekethe ibandakanya:
- Transistors
- lobuceducedu
- Iisekethe ezidibeneyo (ICs)
- Abavelisi
- Izixhobo zeSemiconductor
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Iisekethe
Iisekethe ezisebenzayo zisebenza ngokulawula ukuhamba kombane ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezisebenzayo. Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziselwa ukugcina kunye nokusebenzisa amandla ombane, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngokwandisa okanye ukulawula kwisekethe. Iisekethe ezisebenzayo ziyakwazi ukunika uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi, ukusuka ekugcineni amandla kwi-capacitors ukubonelela ukuhla kombane kwiidiode.
IiSekethe eziSebenzayo vs eziNgqongileyo
Iisekethe ezisebenzayo zahlulwe kwiisekethe ze-passive, ezingenazo naziphi na izixhobo ezisebenzayo. Iisekethe ze-Passive zenziwa ngokupheleleyo ngamacandelo angasebenziyo, anje ngeresisisi, ii-capacitors, kunye nee-inductors. Ngelixa iisekethe ze-passive zingagcina kwaye zichithe amandla, azikwazi ukunika ukukhulisa okanye ukulawula.
Usetyenziso lweeSekethe eziSebenzayo
Iisekethe ezisebenzayo zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kubandakanywa:
- Izixhobo zombane
- Amaplifiers
- Ukusetyenziswa komqondiso
- Iinkqubo zokulawula
- Abamkeli bakanomathotholo nomabonakude
Amacandelo eSekethe asebenzayo
Iisekethe ezisebenzayo zinokwenziwa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa:
- Transistors
- lobuceducedu
- Iisekethe ezidibeneyo (ICs)
- Abavelisi
- Izixhobo zeSemiconductor
- sebenza kakuhle
- Resistors
- Valves
Indima yeZixhobo eziSebenzayo kwiiSekethe eziSebenzayo
Izixhobo ezisebenzayo zinoxanduva lokulawula ukuhamba kombane kwiisekethe ezisebenzayo. Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngokwandisa, ukulawula, kunye nokugcinwa kwisekethe. Ezinye izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzayo ziquka:
- Transistors
- lobuceducedu
- Iisekethe ezidibeneyo (ICs)
- Abavelisi
- Izixhobo zeSemiconductor
ILizwe eliNgxaki leeSekethe eziSebenzayo
Iisekethe ezisebenzayo zinokuntsonkotha ngendlela emangalisayo, zineentlobo ngeentlobo zamacandelo kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo ukunika amandla, ulawulo, kunye nokukhulisa. Ukusuka ekugcineni amandla kwii-capacitors ukubonelela ukuhla kombane kwiidiode, iisekethe ezisebenzayo zinoxanduva loluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kwihlabathi le-elektroniki.
Amacandelo asebenzayo: Abadlali abahlakaniphile kwiSekethe yoMbane
Izinto ezisebenzayo zizinto zombane ezifuna umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukulawula okanye ukuguqula iimpawu zombane. Ezi ziqendu ziyakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwangoku kwaye zibhekwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekudaleni iisekethe ezinzima. Ngokungafaniyo namacandelo asebenzayo, amacandelo asebenzayo anokuvelisa amandla kwaye akwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kombane.
Umahluko phakathi kweMicimbi eSebenzayo kunye nePassive
Umahluko phakathi kwamalungu asebenzayo kunye ne-passive components ubalulekile. Ezinye zeeyantlukwano eziphambili ziquka:
- Amalungu asebenzayo afuna umthombo wamandla wangaphandle, ngelixa amalungu angenziwanga.
- Amacandelo asebenzayo ayakwazi ukuvelisa amandla, ngelixa amacandelo angenayo.
- Amacandelo asebenzayo ayakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwangoku, ngelixa amacandelo e-passive elinganiselwe ekukwazini ukwenza oko.
Ukubaluleka kokwazi kunye nokuqonda amacandelo asebenzayo
Ukwazi nokuqonda amacandelo asebenzayo kubalulekile ekudaleni iisekethe ezichanekileyo neziguquguqukayo kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba amacandelo asebenzayo adlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwesekethe kwaye aguquguquka kakhulu ekukwazini ukulawula ukuhamba kwangoku kunye nombane.
Indima eyongeziweyo yaMacandelo asebenzayo kwiMarike
Amacandelo asebenzayo aba ngakumbi kwaye abaluleke ngakumbi kwimarike. Njengoko imfuno yeesekethe ezintsonkothileyo isanda, imfuno yamacandelo asebenzayo achanekileyo kwaye asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo nawo ayanda. Iibrendi ezininzi kunye neemveliso ziyafumaneka ngoku kwimarike, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nobuchule.
Uhambo oluphambili
Amacandelo asebenzayo ayinto ehlakaniphile kwaye eguquguqukayo kakhulu kwisekethe yombane. Ziyakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwangoku kunye ne-voltage kwaye ziyimfuneko ekudaleni iisekethe ezinzima. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwamacandelo asebenzayo kunye ne-passive kubalulekile ekudaleni iisekethe ezichanekileyo neziguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Amacandelo asebenzayo kunye ne-Passive: Uthini umahluko?
Amalungu e-Passive components angadingi nawuphi na umthombo ongezelelweyo wamandla ukuze asebenze. Bangakwazi ukufunxa kuphela amandla kwisekethe kwaye abanako ukuhambisa amandla. Eminye imizekelo yamacandelo asetyenziswayo abandakanya izixhasi, ii-capacitors, kunye nee-inductors.
Umahluko oPhambili: Ubonelelo lwaMandla
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwamacandelo asebenzayo kunye ne-passive kukuba amacandelo asebenzayo anokubonelela ngombane kwisekethe, ngelixa i-passive components ayikwazi. Amalungu asebenzayo asebenzisa umthombo owongezelelekileyo wamandla ukuze asebenze, ngelixa amacandelo angenziwanga.
Iinzuzo zePassive Components
Amacandelo asebenzayo abonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya:
- Ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nexabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namalungu asebenzayo
- Ukukwazi ukuhluza imiqondiso engafunekiyo (umzekelo ukusebenzisa ii-capacitors njengezihluzi)
- Ukukwazi ukulinganisa amanqanaba akhoyo kunye nombane
Imizekelo yaMacandelwana aSebenzayo kunye nePassive kwiiSekethe
- Amacandelo asebenzayo: i-transistors, i-amplifiers yokusebenza, i-voltage regulators
- Amacandelo e-Passive: resistors, capacitors, inductors
Ukuyila iiSekethe ezinamacandelo asebenzayo kunye nePassive
Ukuyila iisekethe ezinamacandelo asebenzayo kunye ne-passive kufuna ukuqonda ukungafani kwazo kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwesekethe. Eminye imiba ebalulekileyo yoyilo ibandakanya:
- Ukukhetha amacandelo afanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zesekethe
- Ukudibanisa izinto kwisakhiwo esifanelekileyo ukufezekisa umsebenzi ofunekayo
- Ukusebenzisa izinto ezongezelelweyo ezifana neziguquli ukugcina i-polarity echanekileyo kunye nenqanaba lombane
- Ukuquka izihluzi ukuphelisa iimpawu ezingafunekiyo kunye nengxolo
isiphelo
Ke, yiloo nto esebenzayo ithetha kwi-elektroniki. Ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isekethe esebenzisa isixhobo esikwaziyo ukulawula ukuhamba kombane.
Ungayibona isebenza kuyo yonke into ukusuka kumbane ukuya kubamkeli berediyo ukuya kwiinkqubo zolawulo. Ngoko, ngoku uyazi!
Ufunde kwakhona: le yindlela i-pickups esebenzayo esebenza ngayo kwiigitare
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
