Luthiers ke litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tse sebetsang ka lehong ho bopa liletsa tse likhoele joalo ka likorilla, libaolo le li- cellos. Ba sebelisa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho bopa lehong le ho kopanya sesebelisoa. Mosebetsi oa luthier ha se feela ho etsa lisebelisoa, empa hape le ho lokisa le ho itlhophisa tse teng.
Sehloohong sena, re tla sheba seo luthier e se etsang le tse fapaneng mefuta ea lisebelisoa ba sebetsa ka:
Tlhaloso ea Luthier
A luthier ke setsebi se hloahloa sa mesebetsi ea matsoho kapa setsebi sa mesebetsi ea matsoho se hahang le ho lokisa liletsa tse likhoele, haholo-holo tseo e leng tsa lelapa la fiolo. Lentsoe "luthier" le qalile ho sebelisoa Fora qetellong ea lekholo la leshome le metso e supileng la lilemo, empa khoebo e bile teng ho tloha Renaissance.
Ke nakong ena moo litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho li ileng tsa qala ho etsa lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse hlahisoang ka bongata tsa boleng bo tlase.
Boqapi ba lutherie bo kenyelletsa ho arola sesebelisoa, ho lekola likarolo tsa sona le boemo ba tsona, ho se haha ka thepa le lisebelisoa tse loketseng, ho eketsa varnish le ho se lokisa ka nepo ho etsa bonnete ba hore se sebetsa hantle. E hloka tsebo ea:
- mokhoa oa ho theha mefuta e fapaneng ea libopeho le boholo
- mokhoa oa ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate
- mokhoa oa ho li tiisa hantle ho itšireletsa khahlanong le liphetoho tsa leholimo le lintho tsa tlhaho
- mokhoa oa ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele seletsa
Ho feta moo, li-luthiers li boetse li hloka ho khona tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsena hantle kahoo li ka bapaloa ka boleng ba tsona bo botle ba molumo.
Luthiers e Etsa'ng?
A luthier ke setsebi sa mesebetsi ea matsoho se hahang le ho lokisa liletsa tse likhoele tse kang likatara, libaolo le li-cellos. Ntle le ho ba litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho, ba boetse ba hloka ho utloisisa physics le mechanics ea lisebelisoa tsena e le hore ba ka etsa litokiso le litokiso.
Ha re hlahlobeng ka botebo seo luthiers e se etsang le hore na ke hobane'ng ha e le joalo mosebetsi oa bohlokoa:
Ho lokisa le ho hlokomela
Luthiers lokisa le ho hlokomela liletsa tse likhoele tse kang fiolo, likatara le libanjo. Ba etsa bonnete ba hore lisebelisoa tsena lia bapaloa le ho kena boemo bo botle ha li rekisetsoa bareki ba tsona. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho fetola likhoele kapa ho lokisa seletsa, hammoho le ho lokisa likarolo leha e le life tse senyehileng kapa tse khathetseng tsa sesebelisoa.
Ho etsa mosebetsi ona ka nepo, li-luthier li tlameha ho ba le tsebo e phahameng le tsebo ea ho sebetsa ka lehong le lintho tse ling tse sebelisoang liletsa tsa likhoele. Hape ba tlameha ho tseba hore na mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa likhoele e lokela ho hlongoa joang.
Li-luthier tse ling li sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho lokiseng lisebelisoa tsa khale joalo ka liviolin tse tsoang ho litsebi tsa Mataliana tsa makholo a lilemo. Hangata li-luthiers tsena li sebetsa haufi-ufi le li-conservatories tsa 'mino ho khetholla likotoana tsa khale bakeng sa tsosoloso. Bongata ba lisebelisoa tsena li rekisoa ka likete tsa lidolara lifantising ho pota lefatše hang ha li se li khutlisitsoe ka botlalo ke setsebi sa luthier se hloahloa.
Ntle le tokiso le tlhokomelo ea fiolo, li-luthier tse ling li fana ka litšebeletso tse kang:
- Lithuto tsa katara
- Ho hira liletsa
- Mehaho ea tloaelo kapa liphetoho bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse teng
- Mosebetsi oa moralo oa tloaelo bakeng sa ba batlang ntho e ikhethang ho moetsi oa lisebelisoa tsa bona.
Ho aha le ho Itloaetsa Liletsa
Luthiers ke litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tse ipabolang kahong le kahong ea liletsa tse likhoele, hangata likatara, libaolo le libanjo. Mosebetsi ona o hloka tsebo e ngata le tsebo ea ho sebetsa ka lehong le lisebelisoa tse ling tse sebelisetsoang ho haha seletsa. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho qaptjoa le ho etsoa ha 'mele oa sesebelisoa feela empa le likarolo tsa molala le lihlooho tsa hlooho. Luthiers le tsona li tlameha ho ba le tsebo ea lisebelisoa tsa mapolanka tse kang lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, lipolane, li-routers, mechine ea ho cheka, li-glues, li-clamp, joalo-joalo, hammoho le lisebelisoa tse nyane joalo ka lifaele le lichesele.
The crafting process also include customizing liletsa ho ea ka morero oa tsona o lakatsehang kapa sebopeho sa molumo ka ho lokisa kapa ho fetola li-frets kapa marokho; ho hloekisa mapolanka; kapa ho etsa liphetoho tsa mochini joalo ka ho kenya litšoantšo kapa ho laola molumo ho ntlafatsa boleng ba modumo. Luthier e ka boela ea sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho aheng likopi tsa liletsa tsa khale e le hore li ka kopiletsa melumo eo. Ntle le mesebetsi ena, li-luthiers hangata li etsa tokiso ea lisebelisoa ka ho etsa litokiso tsa mantlha joalo ka ho hloekisa li-fretboards kapa ho fetola likhoele ha ho hlokahala.
Ho theha Lisebelisoa
A luthier ke setsebi sa mesebetsi ea matsoho se sebetsang ka liletsa tse likhoele tse kang likatara, violin, cellos, dulcimers, mandolin le liletsa tse ling lelapeng le le leng. Tse ngata tsa tsona ke liletsa tsa acoustic tse kopantsoeng ho tsoa likarolong le lisebelisoa tse kang lehong le tšepe. Luthier e tlameha ho ba le litsebo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng ho hlokomela le ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsena hantle.
E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea luthier ke ho theha kapa ho etsa sesebelisoa ho tloha qalong. Sena se kenyelletsa ho kopanya likarolo tsohle tse hlokahalang joalo ka marokho, lithakhisa tsa tokiso, likhoele le li-pickup ho bolela tse 'maloa. Li-Luthiers li tla qoqa ka liphetho tse fapaneng joalo ka varnish kapa nitrocellulose lacquer e thusang ho hlahisa modumo wa boleng bo hodimo. Ba boetse ba na le tsebo ka mekhoa ea ho etsa mapolanka e kang ho kopanya le ho tsamaisa litsela ho itšetlehile ka khetho ea moetsi.
The luthier e boetse e lokela ho hlahloba le ho lokisa seletsa lentsoe - ho etsa bonnete ba hore lintlha tsohle tsa likhoele tse fapaneng li behiloe ka nepo ho latela molumo oa molumo le karabelo ea harmonic - e le hore e ka hlahisa molumo o monate ha o bapaloa. Ho lokisoa ha molala ke ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e ka kenyelletsang phetoho ea liphallelo kapa tokiso ea molamu oa truss bakeng sa ho bapala hantle ho thusa ho netefatsa boleng bo hlakileng ba lentsoe ho noutu efe kapa efe ho khoele efe kapa efe ka bolelele ba eona ha e bapaloa ka mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa khetho ea ho khetha. (bakeng sa likatara tsa motlakase).
Qetellong, sepheo sa nako e telele ke hore likarolo tsa seletsa se seng le se seng li sebetse ka kutloano e le hore mefuta eohle ea libini ho tloha maemong a sa tloaelehang ho isa ho libini tse hloahloa li ka natefeloa. boiphihlelo bo monate ba ho mamela ho tloha ho eona!
Mefuta ea Liletsa
Luthiers ba ikakhetse ka setotsoana kahong le ho lokisoa ha liletsa tse likhoele tse kang likatara, libaolo le li- cello. Ka har'a tšimo ea liletsa tse likhoele, ho na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mefuta le mekhoa. Mehlala ea mefuta ea liletsa e kenyeletsa acoustic, classical, le motlakase katara. Mofuta o mong le o mong o na le likarolo tsa oona tse ikhethang le litšoaneleho tsa tonal, kahoo ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na mofuta o mong le o mong oa sesebelisoa o ka o etsa joang.
Sehloohong sena, re tla akaretsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tseo luthiers e sebetsanang le tsona ka ho khetheha:
Liletsa Tse likhoele
Li-Luthiers li sebetsa ka ho khetheha lelapeng la liletsa tse likhoele - tsebo ea bona e akaretsa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho tloha ho etsa, ho lokisa le ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa ho ea ho tse rarahaneng tsa tlhahiso ea molumo. Hore na o ntse o lokisa sitar kapa ukulele e ncha e hahiloeng, luthier ea hau e tseba lintho tsa bona. Mona ke lethathamo la liletsa tse likhoele tseo ba ka ikarabellang ho tsona:
- Li-guitar - Ho lokisa katara, ho seta le ho aha ke setsi sa mosebetsi o mongata o mongata. Ho tloha ho litokiso tse nyane ho isa ho lisebelisoa tsa moetlo ho tloha qalong, li khona ho sebetsana le tsona kaofela. Likatara li na le libopeho tse ngata, boholo le meralo empa ha e le hantle ho na le mefuta e mene ea mantlha eo u lokelang ho e tseba: likatara tsa acoustic, classical kapa Spanish style; likatara tsa motlakase; likatara tsa archtop; le likatara tsa resonator.
- Bases - Joalo ka ho lokisa le ho seta katara, luthier ea hau e sebetsana le ho seta bass. Ho bohlokoa ho boloka likhoele tsa bass li utloahala hantle! Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha ea li-bass - li-bass tsa motlakase le li-bass tse peli - kahoo etsa bonnete ba hore u tlisa sesebelisoa sa hau ka lintlha tsa sona tse nepahetseng ha u se sebelisa ka luthier.
- Banjos - Li-Banjo li na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng joalo ka li-banjo tse bulehileng ka morao, li-banjo tsa likhoele tse hlano, plectrum banjos le tenor banjo tseo kaofela li ntle bakeng sa mefuta ea setso ea setso joalo ka 'mino oa bluegrass kapa lipina tsa khale tsa khale tsa Appalachian. Haeba mofuta ona oa seletsa o hloka ho lokisoa kapa u batla ho etsa se entsoeng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, etsa bonnete ba hore luthier ea hau e na le boiphihlelo ba ho sebetsana le mofuta ona oa mosebetsi hobane ho na le tse fetang likhoele tse amehang!
- Mandolin – Li-mandolin li tla ka mekhoa e 'meli e meholo – mokhoa oa F (o shebahalang joaloka 'F' ha o shejoa ho tsoa holimo) kapa lesoba le chitja (le nang le masoba a chitja a robeli). Ka bobeli li na le 'mele ea sebopeho sa x e ikemiselitseng ho bapaloa ka mekhoa ea ho khetha e ts'oanang le e sebelisoang ho likatara empa li-mandolin li hloka likhoele tse tšesaane tsa sekala ho amohela bolelele ba tsona bo khuts'oane, e leng ntho eo luthier ea nang le boiphihlelo e ka e tšoarang hantle! 'Me haeba u batla hore likarolo tsa mandolin li nkeloe sebaka joaloka lithakhisa tsa tokiso kapa borokho, u se ke ua sheba hole le luthier ea lehae bakeng sa litlhoko tsa litšebeletso.
Lisebelisoa tsa Moea
Lisebelisoa tsa moea ke sehlopha sa lisebelisoa tse hlokang hore sebapali se fokela ho tsona bakeng sa ho bopa modumo. Le hoja liletsa tse ling tse butsoang li khona ho holisoa, ha li hloke motlakase kapa metsoako ea elektronike hore li hlahise molumo. Lisebelisoa tsa moea hangata li na le li-tubes tsa bolelele le boholo bo fapaneng 'me li na le melomo eo moea o lokelang ho tsamaisoa ke sebapali hore molumo o hlahisoe. Boholo ba lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisoa koporo, meea ea mapolanka, le lehlaka/li-membranes.
Lisebelisoa tsa moea tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
- Lelapa la brass (terompeta, trombone, tuba);
- Lelapa la Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe); le
- Lelapa la lehlaka (saxophone).
Lisebelisoa tsa koporo li etsa molumo o phahameng oa molumo ha meea ea mapolanka e le bonolo ka molumo o nang le "woody" ho feta e tšoanang le liletsa tse likhoele. Litho tsa lelapa la Reed li sebelisa lehlaka le le leng kapa le habeli thothomela ha moya o foka ka ho theha melumo e ikhethang e amanang le 'mino oa jazz.
The luthier ke setsebi se nang le phihlelo kapa setsebi sa mesebetsi ea matsoho se sebetsanang ka ho khetheha le ho aha kapa ho lokisa likarolo tsa seletsa sa moea joaloka litloloko, linotlolo/li-valve, le lisebelisoa tsa molomo bakeng sa ho bapaloa hantle hammoho le ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha molumo ho latela molumo oa lentsoe. Li-Luthiers li ka boela tsa hlomelloa ka litsebo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho lokisa maqeba a seng a ntse a le teng kapa mapetsong a lipane tsa 'mele oa seletsa sa moea hammoho le ho etsa mekotla le litulo tse itlhomang. Kaha ho na le likaroloana tse ngata tse nyenyane tse amehang ho haheng sengoathoana se seng le se seng ba tlameha ho ba hlokolosi le boinehelo bo boholo ha ba haha karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea sesebelisoa e etsang hore mosebetsi ona o hloke tsebo e phahameng haholo e nkang lilemo ho e fumana!
Lisebelisoa tsa Percussion
Lisebelisoa tsa liletsa li sebelisoa ho theha mefuta e mengata ea melumo ea 'mino ka tsela ea ho otla, ho tsitsinyeha kapa ho hohla. E ka ba efe kapa efe e lokisitsoeng kapa e sa buuoeng le mefuta ea tsona ea lithane e hlahisoa ka mekhoa e meraro; ho thothomela, ho kopana le khohlano. Ka tloaelo li tsejoa e le mokokotlo oa sehlopha sa 'mino, liletsa tsa meropa li fana ka motheo oa bohlokoa oa morethetho oa meloli le ho tuma.
Lisebelisoa tse lenngoeng tsa meropa li kenyelletsa meropa joalo ka timpani, congas, meropa e fapaneng joalo ka meropa ea leraba, bongos le tom-tom ea boholo ba letsoho. Tsena li thehoa ho tloha ho mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lisebelisoa tse kenyeletsang tšepe, lehong, polasetiki e thata kapa ceramic. Hangata e hloka ho lokisoa ke luthier pele e sebelisoa e le hore e lle ka nepo ka har'a tikoloho ea 'mino eo li tla sebelisoa ho eona. litene tsa lehong, meropa le mehele ea ratchet: tsena li hlahisa molumo oa tsona o ikemiselitseng ho latela bolelele kapa boholo ba thepa e sebelisoang ho e-na le ho lokisoa ka luthier.
Khafetsa eo molumo o hlahisoang ka eona e itšetlehile ka boima ba thepa e sebelisitsoeng kahong ea eona (shell) le tsitsipano ea eona (hlooho). Khatello ea hlooho hangata e lokisoa ka senotlolo sa moqomo ha likhetla hangata li hahuoa ka mapolanka joalo ka maple kapa birch ho ipapisitse le litlhaloso tse lakatsehang joalo ka bophahamo ba modumo le timbre tse ho eona tse lakatsehang. Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore meropa e meng e na le lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng tse kentsoeng moralong oa tsona tse lumellang hore ho hlahisoe lithane tse eketsehileng ha li otloa ho potoloha likarolo tse ling tsa tsona - haholoholo. lerata la moya kapa ditloloko tsa dikgomo phahamisitsoe holim'a Meropa ea Surdo e fumanoang ka har'a mefuta ea 'mino ea Latin e susumelitsoeng.
Ka ho sebetsa haufi-ufi le li-luthier tse nang le boiphihlelo melumo e mengata ea melumo e ka qaptjoa molemong ofe kapa ofe, kahoo e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa libini tse sa tloaelehang tse batlang ho hlahisa maikutlo sethaleng kapa litsebi tsa ho rekota tse batlang melumo e itseng ka lebaka la boiteko ba tlhahiso ea ho thusa tlhahiso e ntle ho tloha boitlhakisong ho ea pele ka ho sebetsa ka mafolofolo. lintlafatso tse tsoang maemong a matle a ho nepahala tse fanoeng ka lits'ebeletso tse nang le boiphihlelo tse fumanehang lefatšeng ka bophara kajeno!
Lisebelisoa le Lisebelisoa tse Sebelisitsoeng
Luthiers, kapa baetsi ba katara, ba etsa lisebelisoa ho tloha qalong, ho lokisa le ho nchafatsa lisebelisoa tse teng, le ho etsa liphetoho ho lisebelisoa tse teng. Ho etsa mosebetsi oa bona, luthiers sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ya lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa.
e Tloaelehileng lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ke luthiers ke lisakha, lifaele, liboro le li-screwdriver, le li-sanders. Lisebelisoa tse ling tse sebelisoang ke li-luthiers li kenyelletsa mapolanka, likurufu le liboutu, sekhomaretsi bakeng sa ho khomarela, le mefuta e fapaneng ea mekhabiso e kang mma perela kapa abalone.
A re hlahlobeng lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsena ka botebo haholoanyane:
Lisebelisoa tsa ho betla mapolanka
Luthiers e tlameha ho ba le tsebo e tebileng ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa ho etsa mapolanka e le ho etsa lisebelisoa tse nang le boleng ba molumo le ponahalo e lakatsehang. Ho ipapisitse le mofuta oa sesebelisoa seo u se etsang, khetho ea lehong ke ea bohlokoa, kaha e ka ama likarolo tse fapaneng joalo ka boima ba 'mele le boima.
Ho lokisetsa kaho le ho sebetsa ka likotoana tsa patsi tse fumanehang, luthiers e tlameha ho tseba ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse 'maloa ho kenyelletsa lisakha, lifaele, lihamore, lichesele, li-drill le li-routers. Lisebelisoa tsena li ba lumella ho kuta thepa e feteletseng, ho etsa likotoana ka libopeho tse lakatsehang le ho kopanya likarolo ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Ho feta moo, li-luthiers tse ngata li sebelisoa lifofane tsa letsoho le likhoele ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa bokaholimo le ho hlahisa likarolo tse thusang baqapi ho hlahisa mehopolo ea bona bophelong.
Qetellong, ho na le lisebelisoa tse ling tse khethehileng tse sebelisoang kahong ho kenyelletsa:
- sekhomaretsi bakeng sa ho kopanya lisebelisoa tse fapaneng joalo ka mapolanka kapa letlalo la liphoofolo.
- Li-varnish bakeng sa ho tiisa bokahodimo.
- Lithakhisa kapa lipalo bakeng sa ho hokahanya likarolo tse fapaneng.
- Likhoele kapa likhoele bakeng sa tlhahiso ea molumo oa vibrate.
- Khetha balebeli tse sireletsang bokaholimo hore bo se ke ba senyeha.
- Oli e fapaneng e sebedisoang hodima bokahodimo ba mapolanka ho hodisa dipaterone tsa dijo-thollo kapa makhabane a modumo.
- Maqhubu e fanang ka lintlha tsa ho lokolla tsitsipano ha e tobetsa likhoele khahlano le tsona e ntse e boloka nako e batloang lipakeng tsa linoto.
Likarolo tsena kaofela le lisebelisoa li theha risepe e ikhethang e nolofalletsang li-luthier ho romella liqapi tsa tsona tse felileng lefatšeng!
Lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa ka tšepe
Luthiers sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse etselitsoeng ho bōpa tšepe ho etsa le ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa likhoele. Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe li kenyelletsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lisakha tse sehang tšepe, ho akarelletsa le lisakha tsa tšepe le lisakha tsa meqolo; cheka mechine ea ho phunya masoba bolibeng bo itseng ka nepo; lisila, tse sebelisetsoang ho sila tšepe ho etsa seletsa; le Lisebelisoa tsa MIG se ka sebedisoang ho kopanya dikarolo tsa tshepe mmoho. Ho ekelletsa moo, mechini e kang sekere, li-brake press le li-punch press li nolofalletsa li-luthier ho kobeha, seha le sebopeho likarolo tsa tšepe tsa seletsa.
Li-sander tsa matla, mabili a benyang le li-dremel kaofela ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse hlokahalang ha ho etsoa meralo e kentsoeng ka har'a li-frets kapa poleiti e ka morao ea seletsa. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
- Mabokose a lisebelisoa ho boloka thepa ka tsela e bolokehileng le ha bonolo.
- Li-calipers bakeng sa ho metha likarolo ka nepo.
- Likhaolo ho sireletsa liaparo nakong ea mosebetsi.
- Lits'oants'o bakeng sa ho sebetsa ho lokisa lisebelisoa ka matsoho a mabeli a sa lefelloeng.
- Mabone a hodisang bakeng sa Checkout e qaqileng ea workpiece.
Lisebelisoa Tse Khethehileng
Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng hangata lia hlokahala ha ho etsoa le ho bopa likatara tse tloaelehileng. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tse khethehileng tse sebelisoang ke luthiers li na le meralo e ikhethang e etsang hore ho be bonolo ho li sebelisa ha li sebetsana le likarolo tse nyane tsa katara kapa base.
- Lifofane tse supang - Lifofane tsena hangata li sebelisetsoa ho lokisa melamu ea truss, hammoho le ho tlosa likhoele tsa lepolanka sebakeng sa letheka sa likatara tsa acoustic le likatara tsa motlakase tse sekoti.
- Lifaele tsa Crowning -Lifaele tsena li etselitsoe ka ho khetheha ho theha le ho betla li-saddles tsa katara ea acoustic. Li tla ka boholo bo fapaneng, ho tloha ho tse nyenyane tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo tse kholo, tse fanang ka luthiers ho fetoha ha maemo ha li sebetsa ka lisebelisoa tse itseng.
- Li-Rasps - Lifaele tsena tsa tšepe tse sebelisoang ka letsoho li lumella li-luthiers ho etsa lehong ka potlako, likarolo tsa laminated le li-fretboard tsa polasetiki ka ho nepahala.
- Lisebelisoa tsa Dremel - Lisebelisoa tsa rotary tse kang Dremel li bohlokoa haholo hobane li lumellana hantle le libaka tse thata, li nolofalletsa ho etsa libopeho tse ikhethang ha li ntse li fokotsa nako e eketsehileng ea sanding.
- Liseha tsa tšepe tsa Strummingi - E sebelisetsoa ho khaola li-slots ka lithupa tsa truss e le hore li ka lokisoa ka nepo molaleng oa katara.
- Li-scaler tsa ho qetela - Sesebelisoa se tlamehang ho ba le ho seha lisebelisoa tse tlamang ho tloha 'meleng kapa molala moo ho kopantsoeng le lesoba la molumo seletsa sa acoustic.
Thuto le Koetliso
Ho fetoha motlatsi kapa moetsi oa liletsa tse likhoele hase ntho e nyenyane. Ho hloka thuto e ngata, tsebo le boiphihlelo hore motho a atlehe. Ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa lintlha tsa motheo tsa mosebetsi oa mapolanka, mosebetsi oa tšepe le kutloisiso ea mechanics le acoustics ea kaho ea liletsa.
Karolong ena, re tla akaretsa thuto le koetliso e hlokehang ho ba morui.
Boikoetliso
Boithuto ka luthier e thehiloeng ke mokhoa o motle oa ho fumana boiphihlelo bo hlokahalang ho ba luthier e atlehileng le e tšepahalang. Mananeo a boithuto a fapana ka bolelele le setaele, empa hangata a kenyelletsa ho fuoa mesebetsi ea matsoho ke moeletsi oa hau, maeto a ho bona mosebetsi oa setsebi sa mesebetsi ea matsoho, le ho felehetsa moeletsi oa hau ho ea ho lokisa lisebelisoa le lipehelo tsa moralo. Boithuto bo ka boela ba fana ka phihlello ea lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa, le likhokahano tseo ho ka bang thata kapa ho ke keng ha khoneha ho li fumana.
Ka ho sebetsa letsatsi le letsatsi le setsebi se nang le phihlelo, u ka ithuta mekhoa le litsebo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa hammoho le ho haha tse ncha. U tla ithuta ho khetha lisebelisoa tsa boleng le ho li etsa ka botsebi hore e be liletsa tse sebetsang tsa 'mino. Hape o tla fumana temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le ts'ebetso e ikhethileng ea boqapi e amehang ho eona ho lora meralo ea mantlha, ho kenya meralo ts'ebetsong, ho rarolla mathata a tekheniki, ho utloisisa litlhoko le litlhoko tsa bareki, ho fihlela linako tse behiloeng, har'a lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa mosebetsi.
Thuto ya Semmuso
Ho fetoha motlatsi ha se tsela e kgutshwane. Ho hloka mamello, boikemisetso le ho sebetsa ka thata. Li-luthier tse ngata li fumana litsebo tsa tsona ka thuto ea sekolo ho tsoa likolong tsa mosebetsi oa matsoho, kapa ka ho ithutela mosebetsi le setsebi se seng.
Batho ba batlang ho ba li-luthiers hangata ba hloka ho sebetsa ka thata mananeong a lilemo tse peli kapa tse tharo a koetliso e fanoang ke likolo tse khethehileng tsa khoebo le mananeo a tsoetseng pele a meralo ea liletsa tsa 'mino ao hangata a kenyelletsang meralo e ikhethang ea meralo ea katara ea motlakase, acoustic le bass hammoho le mandolin le violin. Mananeo ana a khethehileng a koetliso le 'ona a atisa ho tsebisa baithuti nalaneng ea liletsa tsa likhoele, ho ba ruta bokhoni ba ho etsa mesebetsi ea matsoho, mekhoa ea ho lokisa le. fisiks ea maqhubu a molumo.
Ntle le litsebo tsa ho qala tse kang ho sakha, ho betla, ho etsa lehlabathe le ho kopanya likotoana hammoho le sekhomaretsi kapa likurufu, liithuti li ka boela tsa hloka ho iketsetsa lisebelisoa tse kang li-screwdrivers, pliers le lisakha. qala ho lokisa liletsa tse likhoele ka botsebi. E le ho etsa litokiso tse rarahaneng ho feta tse ling li-luthiers li tla tlameha ho sebelisana le lihlopha tsa litsebi tsa ho lokisa bakeng sa merero ea ho nchafatsa liletsa tse akarelletsang ho fetola melala kapa 'mele ea likatara hammoho le ho etsa liphetoho tsa elektronike likatara tsa motlakase le li-finishing tse khethehileng tsa likatara le liletsa tsa mapolanka.
Ho lula u le morao-rao mabapi le thepa e ncha ea moaho kapa litheknoloji tse ngata tsa khale tsa luthiers li nka lithuto tse tsoetseng pele ho lokisa litsebo tsa tsona bakeng sa litlhoko tsa morao-rao tsa 'maraka. Thuto ena e tsoelang pele e ba thusa ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha litokiso ntle le ho senya meralo ea pele ea lisebelisoa tsa khale.
Certifications
Lefapheng la luthiery, ha ho na setifikeiti se le seng se lekantsoeng se tiisang bokhoni ba mosebetsi ona. Li-luthier tse ngata tse atlehileng li ithutile tsebo ea tsona ha li ntse li koetlisetsoa mosebetsi le batho ba nang le phihlelo kapa ka ho etsa boithuto bo itseng. Empa litifikeiti li fumaneha ka litsi le mekhatlo e itseng ea thuto, e fanang ka sebopeho se hlophisitsoeng haholoanyane sa ho fumana tsebo le litsebo tse hlokahalang.
Likhetho tsa setifikeiti li kenyelletsa:
- Mananeo a Setifikeiti ho Luthiery e fanoang likolong tse khethiloeng tsa tekheniki le tsa khoebo. Mananeo ana a fana ka kenyelletso e matla ea mehopolo le mekhoa e sebelisoang moahong oa katara ea boemo bo holimo, e shebaneng le likatara tsa motlakase kapa tsa acoustic.
- Setifikeiti sa Setifikeiti sa License, e fanoeng ke Setsi sa Amerika sa Mohaho oa Katara ka mor'a hore u fete letoto la litlhahlobo tse bontšang bokhoni ba litsebo tse khethehileng, ho akarelletsa le mekhoa ea kaho le mekhoa ea ho lokisa bakeng sa liletsa tsa acoustic le tsa motlakase.
- Lintlha tse netefalitsoeng tsa Luthier e fanoe ke Certainteed Guild of Guitarsmiths (CGG). Bopaki bona bo fanoa ka mor'a ho qeta lenaneo le boima le reretsoeng ho leka tsebo ea tekheniki hammoho le ts'ebeliso e sebetsang bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho haha liletsa tse likhoele tse kang likatara.
Bakeng sa batho ba batlang li-luthiers ba se nang thuto ea molao, tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea litsebi ka li-seminar, lithupelo, likopano le menyetla e meng ea thuto e ka ba thusa hore ba lule ba tseba mekhoa e mecha tšimong ea bona hammoho le ho ithuta haholoanyane ka thepa le mekhoa e sebelisoang ha ho etsoa liletsa.
Ke Joost Nusselder, mothehi oa Neaera le morekisi oa litaba, ntate, 'me ke rata ho leka lisebelisoa tse ncha ka katara pelong ea takatso ea ka,' me 'moho le sehlopha sa ka, esale ke theha lingoliloeng tse tebileng tsa blog ho tloha 2020. ho thusa babali ba tšepahalang ka malebela a ho rekota le ka katara.
