Capacitor ke karolo ea elektronike e sebelisoang ho boloka matla a motlakase.
Li-capacitor li entsoe ka lipoleiti tse peli tsa tšepe tse arohaneng ke insulator, hangata e le dielectric, 'me li ka boloka tefiso ka nako e itseng.
Li sebelisoa mefuteng e mengata ea li-circuits tsa elektroniki 'me li ka sebelisoa ho sefa kapa ho boloka matla hape li ka sebelisoa ho haha li-circuits tse bonolo tsa oscillator.
Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla hore na capacitor ke eng, e sebelisetsoa eng, le hore na e sebetsa joang.
Capacitor ke eng?
Capacitor ke karolo ea motlakase e bolokang matla ka mokhoa oa tefiso ea motlakase. E na le lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductive tse ka hare ho thepa ea dielectric (insulating material). Ha o hokahantsoe le mohloli oa matla, lipoleiti lia tjhaja 'me matla a motlakase a bolokoa ka har'a thepa ea dielectric. Joale matla ana a bolokiloeng a ka lokolloa ha a hlokahala, a lumella hore a sebelisetsoe palo leha e le efe ea lisebelisoa.
Li-capacitor li na le libopeho tse ngata, boholo le lisebelisoa - tsohle li itšetlehile ka morero oa tsona. Mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa capacitor o tsejoa e le "filimi capacitor" - sena se sebelisa likarolo tse tšesaane tsa polasetiki kapa ceramic joalo ka thepa ea dielectric, e nang le likhoele tse tšesaane tsa tšepe tse tsejoang e le 'electrodes' mahlakoreng ka bobeli. Mefuta ena ea li-capacitor e sebelisoa haholo ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ka lebaka la theko e tlase le thepa e tšoarellang.
Li-capacitor li boetse li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse ling tse kang lienjineri le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase moo li thusang ho laola motlakase kapa ho sefa lerata le tšitiso e ka bakang ts'ebetso e sa tsitsang kapa ea senya likarolo ho theosa le mohala. Ha lisebelisoa tsa elektronike li ntse li rarahana le ho feta, li-capacitor li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa le ho feta ka har'a mekhoa ena; ho thusa ho boloka phallo e nepahetseng ea hona joale nakong ea ho chencha kapa ho fana ka buffering khahlano le liphetoho tsa tšohanyetso tsa maemo a motlakase ho tsoa mehloling e kantle.
Mefuta ea li-capacitor
Li-capacitor li tla ka mefuta e mengata, boholo le mekhoa. Li-capacitor tse ling li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa molumo tse phahameng ha tse ling li sebelisoa lik'homphieutheng kapa lits'ebetsong tsa ts'ireletso ea lapeng. Kaofela ba sebeletsa morero o tšoanang oa motheo; ba boloka matla a motlakase ha motlakase o lokolloa 'me ba khutlisetsa matla ao ha motlakase o emisa. Mefuta e kenyelletsa tse latelang:
Ceramic Capacitors: Tsena hangata li nyane 'me li tla pele li rekisitsoe holim'a liboto tsa potoloho. Li na le dielectric tse entsoeng ka thepa ea ceramic 'me hangata li sebelisetsoa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa boemo bo tlase, joalo ka tšitiso ea radio frequency (RFI) Filtha kapa lipotoloho tsa bypass.
Li-Electrolytic Capacitors: Tsena li atisa ho bitsoa li-capacitor tse polarized hobane li na le "anode terminal" e mpe, e ntle ea cathode terminal le electrolyte solution ka har'a 'mele oa capacitor o lumellang matla a mangata a capacitor. Hangata li fumaneha lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, li-filters, li-circuits tsa nako le lintlha tse ling tse ngata tsa taolo ea matla.
Tantalum Capacitors: E entsoe ka tantalum oxide, li-capacitor tsena li sebelisa dielectric tsa boemo bo tiileng (ho e-na le electrolyte ea metsi). Sena se ba fa ts'ebetso e ntle ea mocheso ha ba bapisoa le li-capacitor tsa electrolytic, hammoho le botsitso bo ntlafetseng ha nako e ntse e ea le ho lumellana ho molemo pakeng tsa lihlahisoa tsa batch.
Filimi / Pampiri ea Capacitor: Mofuta ona o hahiloe ka filimi e entsoeng ka tšepe kapa pampiri e sebetsang e le insulator pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa aluminium tse etsang li-electrode tse phahameng e le hore li ka boloka tefiso e ngata ea motlakase. E sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng moo ho hlokehang ho mamella litšitiso tsa motlakase ka lebaka la bokhoni ba bona ba ho mamella maqhubu a matla a bakoang ke arcing kapa spark overvoltage maemo.
Supercapacitor / Ultracapacitor: E boetse e tsejoa e le supercap / ultra cap kapa electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC), mofuta ona o na le matla a maholo haholo a ho boloka (ka kakaretso a phahame ho feta mefuta e meng e mengata) ka mamello e ntlafetseng (ho fihlela ho makholo a likete a lipotoloho). E etselitsoe lits'ebetso tse hlokang matla a mangata ha a batloa joalo ka boemo ba bekapo bakeng sa litsi tsa data moo ho baloang metsotsoana pele motho a ka bulela mohloli o mong oa matla.
Tšebeliso ea capacitor
Li-capacitor ke karolo ea mantlha ea motlakase e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng. Hangata li sebelisoa ho boloka matla a motlakase, ho etsa li-filters le lipotolohong tsa nako. Li boetse li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa molumo oa koloi hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki. Ha re shebeng tse ling tsa ts'ebeliso ea capacitor ka botlalo.
Ho theola phepelo ea motlakase
Li-capacitor li ka sebelisoa ho fana ka sefa potolohong ea phepelo ea motlakase le ho thusa ho theha motlakase o bobebe oa DC. Hangata sena se bonoa lipotolohong tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse kholo, moo tokiso e fetolang AC hore e be pulsed DC. Electrolytic capacitor e atisa ho hokahana hohle ho tsoa ho rectifier e le ntho e boreleli bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase. Capacitor e tjhaja kapele, e ts'oara e 'ngoe ea tefiso ea eona e le hore e thuse ho thethefatsa melumo efe kapa efe ho tsoa ho rectifier le ho fana ka motlakase o tsitsitseng haholoanyane ho fepa likarolo tse ling. Ha capacitance e phahame, kapa bokhoni ba polokelo, ka capacitor, ho tla ba le phello e boreleli haholoanyane kaha e ka monya matla a mangata pele e hloka ho tsosolosoa. Ts'ebelisong ena, li-capacitor tsa boleng bo holimo li fokotsa ho feto-fetoha, joalo ka maqhubu a maqhubu a motlakase le ho phahama ha motlakase ho bakoang ke ho fetoha ha meroalo, ho fana ka botsitso ho likarolo tse ling ka har'a potoloho ea sesebelisoa.
Phatlalatso ea lipontšo
Li-capacitor li sebelisoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea lipontšo le puisanong ea elektronike. Ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa lipotolohong tse ngata tsa elektroniki, ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho boloka le ho lokolla matla.
Ts'ebetsong ea mats'oao, li-capacitor li ka sebelisoa molemong oa ho fokotsa lerata le ho sefa maqhubu kapa mats'oao a sa batleheng. Tšhireletšo ya maswao go tšwa lešata e bitšwa filthara e boreledi goba ya fase-phase, gomme ka kakaretšo e fihlelelwa ka go šomiša di-capacitor.
Puisanong ea elektronike, capacitor e ka sebelisoa ho fetola letšoao la motlakase ho tloha mofuteng o mong ho ea ho o mong ntle le ho fetola maqhubu a lona. Ts'ebetso ena e tsejoa e le coupling kapa voltage transfer, 'me li-capacitor li boetse li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng molemong oa ho amohela li-radio le li-transmitters. Ho feta moo, li-capacitor li sebetsa e le karolo ea li-filters tse phahameng, tse tlosang matšoao a fokolang ha li ntse li feta tse holimo tseleng.
Li-capacitor li boetse li sebelisoa hangata ho li-filters tsa analog tse sebetsang: li khetholla karabelo ea khafetsa ya sefe ka ho seta maqhubu a yona a ho kgaoha. Ka hona, ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola mats'oao a molumo ha ba rala lisebelisoa tsa 'mino joalo ka liamplifiers kapa li-consoles tse kopanyang.
Nako
Nako ke tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea li-capacitor. Lipotolohong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, li-resistors hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa nako. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a phahameng a matla kapa a phahameng-frequency, hangata li-capacitor li ka sebelisoa ho e-na le hoo. Hangata ho molemo ho sebelisa li-capacitor bakeng sa nako hobane ha li felise matla ka potlako joalo ka li-resistors 'me li khona ho sebetsana le li-voltage tse phahameng ntle le kotsi e nyane ea ho senyeha.
Ntle le ho fana ka mokhoa o bolokehileng le o sebetsang oa ho laola motlakase le hona joale potolohong, li-capacitor li boetse li sebelisoa ho fana ka matla libakeng tse itseng tsa data bakeng sa likarolo tse kang li-LED kapa li-transistors tse ka hlokang li-pulses tsa hajoale ha li butsoe. Sena se ka thusa ho matlafatsa pontšo e rometsoeng ke karolo e le hore e tsamaee ho feta ntle le ho lahleheloa ke matla kapa botšepehi.
Li-capacitor li boetse li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa molumo ho sefa mats'oao le ho fokotsa ho khopama ha li ntse li lumella tlhaiso-leseling e bohlokoa leha ho na le tšitiso e fokolang ea lerata. Joalo ka ha ho boletsoe pejana, hangata li beoa liteisheneng tsa sebui ho thusa ho fokotsa lipotoloho tse khutšoane tse sa sebetseng hantle ha li ntse li boloka kabo e lekanang ea mojaro methating ea tlhahiso ea amplifier.
Ha e sebelisoa ka boqhetseke le ka kutloisiso ea motlakase, li-capacitor li na le bokhoni bo makatsang ba ho bopa phallo ea litefiso - e lumellang baenjiniere ho etsa litsamaiso tsa molumo tse rarahaneng ka mokhoa o makatsang ka litšenyehelo tse tlase.
Likopo tse tloaelehileng
Li-capacitor ke likarolo tsa motlakase tse sebelisoang hangata lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho boloka matla bo etsa hore e be likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa litsamaiso tse hlokang phepelo e tsitsitseng ea matla ka nako e itseng. Li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, li-motors, li-audio, litsamaiso tsa HVAC le tse ling. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tse atileng haholo tsa capacitor.
Likoloi
Likoloi li sebelisa li-capacitor ho laola lebelo la enjene kapa ho ntlafatsa torque ea ho qala. Sena se etsoa ka ho fana kapa ho tlosa a Mohato ho mapheo a motlakase. E sebelisoa ho li-drive frequency frequency, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le lits'ebetso tse ling, li-capacitor li khona ho fetola voltage kapa hona joale ka meroalo e matla le ho thibela matla hore a senyehe ka ho senya matla a sa batleheng lits'ebetsong tsa matla. Ka maqhubu a tlas'a li-motor frequency tse mahareng, litekanyetso tse kholo tsa capacitor hangata li sebelisoa lipheletsong tse peli tsa koloi bakeng sa ho tsamaisa libanka tsa capacitor tsa phallo ho fokotsa phello ea maqhubu a hona joale a bakoang ke moroalo o se nang moeli oa converter.
Leseli
Li-capacitor li ka sebelisoa ho matlafatsa le ho laola mekhoa ea mabone ea boholo bohle. Li-ballast tsa elektronike, li sebelisetsoa ho laola phallo ea hona joale le ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea ho qala bakeng sa mabone a fluorescent le mabone a phahameng a matla a ho ntša metsi. Li boetse li thusa ho fokotsa ho panya ha mabone. Litsamaisong tsa potoloho ea transistorized, li-capacitor li boloka motlakase o tsoelang pele, ho thusa ho etsa bonnete ba hore mabone a lula a khantšitsoe. Ho feta moo, ba fana ka ts'ireletso nakong ea ho phahama ha motlakase ka ho fokotsa mojaro oa motlakase litsing tsa mabone ka har'a litlhophiso tsa kahare le kantle.
Kfz-Händler
Li-capacitor tsa likoloi li bohlokoa ka ho khetheha hobane li na le boikarabelo ba ho thusa tsamaiso ea motlakase ea koloi ho fokotsa le ho lefella ho se lumellane ha motlakase oa motlakase, o tloaelehileng likoloing tse ngata. Li-capacitor tsa likoloi li boloka matla ho fana ka matla ho alternator ea koloi kapa enjene e qalang ha ho hlokahala. Matla ana a sebelisetsoa ho fokotsa li-spikes tsa voltage tse entsoeng ha tlhoko ea hajoale e feta matla a betri kapa alternator. Li-capacitor tsa likoloi li ka boela tsa sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa molumo, ho laola maqhubu ka har'a li-amplifiers le libui. Ka ho theola ho feto-fetoha ha motlakase, li-capacitor tsa likoloi li thusa ho lelefatsa bophelo ba betri le ho fokotsa khatello ea likarolo tse ling tsa motlakase.
Tšireletso ea Capacitor
Tšireletseho e lokela ho lula e le eona ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ha u sebetsa le capacitor. Li-capacitor li boloka matla 'me li hloka ho tšoaroa ka hloko ha li ntse li lefisoa kapa li lokolloa. Karolong ena, re tla shebana le litataiso tsa polokeho tseo re ka li sebelisang ha u sebetsa le capacitor le ho buisana ka likotsi tse ka bang teng tse amanang le eona.
Ho qoba lifupi
Ha u sebelisa li-capacitor, ke habohlokoa ho hopola bokhoni ba lifupi ka lebaka la hore ke likarolo tsa motlakase. Shorts etsahala ha capacitor short-circuits ka boeona. Le hoja lifupi li ka bakoa ke mefokolo ea tlhahiso kapa lintho tse ling tse ka ntle, lifupi tse ngata li bakoa ke tšebeliso e sa lokelang ea li-capacitor.
E le ho qoba li-shorts, u lokela ho lula u le hlokolosi ka li-capacitor. Mekhoa e latelang e tla u thusa ho boloka polokeho ea capacitor:
1) Le ka mohla u se ke ua beha li-capacitor khatellong e feteletseng kapa khatello ka ho li jarisa;
2) Se ke oa tlohela li-capacitor sebakeng se imetsoeng ka nako e telele;
3) Kamehla sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho kenya le / kapa mekhoa e netefatsang ho itšehla thajana;
4) U se ke ua kopanya li-polarities tse peli tse fapaneng hammoho kaha sena se ka baka arcing mme se ka senya capacitor;
5) Hlahloba likarolo tse tšoanelehang kapa lisebelisoa (tse kang lisebelisoa tsa ho pata) ho netefatsa hore ha ho na liphoso pele ho kenngoa;
6) Ela hloko ka hloko litlhoko tsa ho laela - ho qobella ho fokotsa thepa ha ho khoneha le ho tiisa mekhoa e lekaneng ea ho kenya lisebelisoa bakeng sa likarolo tsohle; le
7) Hlokomela hore li-voltage tsa standby li tla baka phallo ea hajoale ho potoloha potoloho, e ka senyang litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa capacitor haeba e sa hlokomeloe.
Ka ho nka litemoso tsena, basebelisi ba ka thusa ho boloka ts'ebeliso e bolokehileng le ho thibela maemo a kotsi ho etsahala ka lebaka la lipotoloho tse khutšoane kapa litaba tse ling ka li-capacitor tsa bona. Ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore polokeho ke ntho e tlang pele kamehla ha u sebetsa ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, haholo-holo ka eng kapa eng e amanang le motlakase!
Ho tlosa li-capacitor
Ke habohlokoa haholo ho etsa bonnete ba hore li-capacitor li lokolloa hantle ha u li tšoara kapa u li nkela sebaka. Ho ntša kotsi e sireletsehileng, hokela sehanyetsi sa 1k ohm ho 10k ohm pakeng tsa terminal e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea capacitor le fatše. Motlakase ho pholletsa le capacitor o tla fela ka potlako ntle le ho qhoqhoa kapa ho hlahisa litlhase, ho lumella sebaka se sireletsehileng kapa ho sebetsana le sona.
U tlameha hape ho hopola ho ntša li-capacitor tse phahameng haholo pele u lahla. Haeba u sa lahle likarolo tsena ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, li ka baka kotsi ea motlakase esita le ho qala mollo! Ho lahla likarolo tsena ho kenyelletsa ho hokela terata e kentsoeng lipakeng tsa li-terminals tse peli ho karolo ebe o e ntša ka metsotso e seng mekae. Etsa bonnete ba hore u roala likhalase tsa tšireletso ha u ntse u etsa ts'ebetso ena e le ho sireletsa mahlo a hau ho litlhase tse hlahisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho ntša metsi.
Ho tlosoa ha li-capacitor
Ha u lahla li-capacitor, ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato e nepahetseng bakeng sa polokeho le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Hobane li-capacitor li ka ba le chefo e ka bang teng, joalo ka loto, barium le litšepe tse ling, u lokela ho qoba ho lahla lintho tsena ka meqomong e tloaelehileng ea lithōle kapa lithōle. Ho e-na le hoo, li lokela ho lahloa ka tsela e bolokang tikoloho ka ho fumana setsi se loketseng sa pokello ea lintho tse sebelisoang hape kapa mofani oa thepa ea sebetsanang le ho lahla thepa e kotsi.
Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore li-capacitor tsohle li ntse li na le tefiso pele li lahla - leha li ngotsoe e le "li-capacitor" tse shoeleng. Li-capacitor li ka boloka litefiso tse setseng 'me li ka tsoa ha li sebetsoa; ka hona u lokela ho ba hlokolosi ha u li tšoara ho fihlela u li lokolla. Ho ntša capacitor ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, o tla hloka screwdriver e insulated nako e telele ho lekana ho khutlisa letsoho la hau ho tloha liteisheneng e le hore voltage e se ke ea tlola letsoho la hau. Hang ha li-capacitor tse tjhajisitsoeng li se li tlositsoe, tlosa li-insulator leha e le life tse hlephileng ka pliers kapa li-cutters tsa terata ebe u phuthela li-insulators pele u li lahla hantle.
fihlela qeto e
Qetellong, li-capacitor ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa ho potoloho efe kapa efe ea motlakase. Li sebelisetsoa ho boloka matla, ho sefa lerata le ho fana ka mohloli oa hona joale oa li-circuits tsa AC. Li-capacitor li tla ka mefuta e fapaneng 'me li na le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso. Ho utloisisa metheo ea li-capacitor ho tla u thusa ho tseba likarolo tse nepahetseng bakeng sa morero oa hau.
Kakaretso ea metheo ea capacitor
Ho akaretsa lintlha tsa motheo tsa capacitor, capacitor ke karolo ea motlakase e entsoeng ka lipoleiti tse peli tse tsamaisang tse arohaneng ke thepa e sireletsang e bitsoang dielectric. E sebelisoa ho boloka matla ka mokhoa oa sebaka sa motlakase. Li-capacitor li sebelisoa hangata lipotolohong tsa elektroniki, hangata li kopane le li-resistors le li-circuits tse kopaneng joalo ka li-microprocessors, ho laola maemo a hajoale le a voltage. Li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho sefa matšoao le ho fana ka phetisetso e phahameng ea matla lipotolohong tse itseng. Ha u khetha capacitor bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea hau e ikhethileng, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka motlakase o sebetsang, mocheso o sebetsang, boholo ba sephutheloana, le mofuta oa boleng ba mofuta oa capacitor oo u o khethang.
Melemo ea ho sebelisa li-capacitor
Li-capacitor li ka sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho boloka matla le ho a lokolla ha ho hlokahala. Li boetse li khona ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa hona joale, kahoo hangata li sebelisoa e le li-filters le mariki a potoloho. Ho feta moo, li-capacitor li ka thusa ho fokotsa lerata la motlakase le ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-circuits tsa motlakase. Ka lebaka leo, li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse matla tse kang lik'homphieutha, lithelefono tsa cellular le lithelevishene.
Li-capacitor li na le melemo e mengata ha ho tluoa tabeng ea elektronike. Mohlala, li thusa ho boloka boemo ba motlakase bo tsitsitse ka ho fana ka polokelo ea nakoana bakeng sa li-pulse tse matla haholo kapa ho phatloha ho hoholo ha hona joale ho ka senyang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ha nako e ntse e ea. Moralo oa bona o boetse o thusa ho sefa tšitiso ea motlakase (EMI) ho pholletsa le sistimi kapa ka har'a potoloho e le 'ngoe. Sena ke sa bohlokoa ho thibela matšoao a sa batleheng ho kena tsamaisong kapa ho senya matšoao a seng a ntse a le teng.
Ho phaella moo, li-capacitor li fana ka hona joale ha ho hlokahala li ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka mokhoa o tsotehang tsamaisong leha e le efe e tsamaisoang ke AC ka ho nolofalletsa ho qala ho laola capacitor le synchronous motor operation - e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea nako e telele lits'ebetsong tse feteletseng tsa tikoloho joaloka lisebelisoa tsa mabone a seterateng le li-motor tsa HVAC. Qetellong, ho tsitsisa maqhubu a sine a entsoeng ke li-circuits tsa AC ke e 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea bona ea mantlha - a ntša matla ka maqhubu a itseng ha a ntse a eketsa matla ka maqhubu a mang - a fokotsa ho senyeha ha motlakase le ho netefatsa hore ho na le tsamaiso e hloekileng ea matla ho liteishene tsohle.
Ke Joost Nusselder, mothehi oa Neaera le morekisi oa litaba, ntate, 'me ke rata ho leka lisebelisoa tse ncha ka katara pelong ea takatso ea ka,' me 'moho le sehlopha sa ka, esale ke theha lingoliloeng tse tebileng tsa blog ho tloha 2020. ho thusa babali ba tšepahalang ka malebela a ho rekota le ka katara.
