Chii chinonzi uhf? Iwe unogona kunge wakambozvinzwa uye wakashamisika kuti chii.
Ultra yakakwira frequency (UHF) ndiyo ITU yekudaidza redhiyo mafambiro pakati pe300 MHz uye 3 GHz, inozivikanwawo sedecimetre bhendi sewavelengths kubva kune imwe kusvika kune gumi decimetres. Masaisai eredhiyo ane mafrequency pamusoro peiyo UHF bhendi anowira muSHF (super-high frequency) kana microwave frequency renji. Lower frequency masaini anowira muVHF (yakanyanya yakakwira frequency) kana yakaderera mabhendi. UHF masaisai eredhiyo anopararira zvakanyanya nemutsara wekuona; ivo vakavharwa nezvikomo uye zvivakwa zvakakura kunyangwe kutapurirana kuburikidza nemadziro ekuvaka kwakakwira zvakakwana zvekugamuchira mukati. Iwo anoshandiswa kutepfenyura paterevhizheni, nhare dzisina tambo, walkie-talkies, redhiyo yemunhu masevhisi kutaurirana setiraiti, nharembozha uye akawanda mamwe maapplication. IEEE inotsanangura iyo UHF radar bhendi semafrequency ari pakati pe300 MHz ne1 GHz. Mamwe maviri eIEEE radar bhendi anopindirana neITU UHF bhendi: L bhendi riri pakati pe1 ne2 GHz uye S bhendi riri pakati pe2 ne4 GHz.
Muchikamu chino, ini ndichatsanangura kuti uhf chii, mashandiro ayo, uye mamwe ekushandisa kwayo. Saka, ngatitangei!
Kuparadzira Hunhu hweUHF Radio Waves
Hunhu hwekuparadzira zvinoreva mafambiro anoita masaisai eredhiyo mumhepo uye achidyidzana nenharaunda. Kunzwisisa maitiro aya kwakakosha pakugadzira nekushanda Wireless nzira dzekukurukurirana zvinobudirira.
UHF Waves Inofamba sei?
Mafungu eUHF, semasaisai ese eredhiyo, anofamba mumhepo nekumhanya kwechiedza. Nekudaro, kusiyana neakaderera frequency HF mafungu, mafungu eUHF haaratidzirwe neiyo ionosphere uye saka anogumira kumutsara-we-kuona kutaurirana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mafungu eUHF anogona chete kufamba mumutsara wakatwasuka uye anovharirwa nezvipingamupinyi zvakaita sezvivakwa, zvikomo, nemiti.
Simba uye Vhoriyamu Hunhu
Mafungu eUHF ane simba shoma uye vhoriyamu zvichienzaniswa neakaderera frequency masaisai. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masiginecha eUHF haakwanise kupinda zvipingamupinyi uye anogona kukurumidza kukanganisa kubva kune mamwe mawaya maturusi anoshanda mune imwechete frequency bhendi.
Kutsvaira kweChannel uye Frequency Characteristics
UHF mafungu ane diki chiteshi kutsvaira uye frequency maitiro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira dzeUHF dzakatetepa uye dzinogona kungotsigira zvishoma bandwidth. Nekuda kweizvozvo, UHF isina waya yekutaurirana masisitimu anowanzo shandiswa kune ega uye kugovaniswa kutaurirana, senge walkie-talkies, isina waya maikorofoni, uye kure kudzora zvishandiso.
Antennas
Antennas zvishandiso zvinogonesa kutapurirana uye kugashira kwemasaini. Iwo anoshandiswa kutakura masaini madaro marefu, kuburikidza nezvivako, uye kumativi zvipingamupinyi. Antennas inoshanda nekushandura masaini emagetsi kuita mafungu emagetsi uye zvichipesana. Iwo masaini anotakurwa nemhepo, uye antenna inoagamuchira kana kuaendesa.
Mhando dzeAntennas
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeantenna dziripo pamusika, uye imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa chinangwa chaicho. Mamwe emhando dzakajairika dzeantenna ndeaya:
- Omnidirectional Antennas: Aya antennas anofambisa uye anogashira masaini munzira dzese. Anowanzo shandiswa kutepfenyura terevhizheni neredhiyo.
- Directional Antennas: Aya antennas anofambisa uye anogashira masaini munzira chaiyo. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa nharembozha uye muzvigadziriso apo chiratidzo chine simba chinodiwa.
- Dipole Antennas: Aya antenna ari nyore uye ari nyore kumisikidza. Iwo anowanzo kuwanikwa mune diki-zviyero zvesainzi setups uye anoshandiswa kufambisa uye kugamuchira masaini pazvinhambwe zvipfupi.
- Dish Antennas: Aya antennas anoshandisa parabolic reflector kuti awedzere kuwana kweantenna. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kutaurirana setiraiti uye mumasetiroti panodiwa chiratidzo chine simba.
UHF vs. VHF Antennas
Sarudzo pakati peUHF neVHF antennas zvinoenderana nekuwanda kwechiratidzo uye huwandu hunodiwa. UHF antennas ane hupfupi hwewavelength uye anokodzera zvirinani kutakura masaini pazvinhambwe zvipfupi. VHF antennas ane hurefu hwewavelength uye anokodzera zvirinani kutakura masaini pamadaro marefu.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Antenna Performance
Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kukanganisa kuita kwe antenna, kusanganisira:
- Kureba kweantenna: Iyo antenna yepamusoro inogonesa zvirinani kugamuchira chiratidzo uye kutapurirana.
- Iko kona yeantenna: Iyo kona yeantenna inogona kukanganisa mukana wekukanganisa uye kunaka kwechiratidzo.
- Kunzwa kweiyo antenna: Iyo antenna inonzwisisika inogonesa kugamuchirwa kwechiratidzo kuri nani.
- Simba rechiratidzo: Chiratidzo chine simba chinogonesa kutapurirana kuri nani.
- Mutsetse wekuona: Iyo antenna inoda mutsara wakajeka wekuona kune inotamisa kana kugamuchira shongwe.
- Kurongeka: Iyo antenna inoda kumisikidzwa munzvimbo chaiyo kuti igone kujekesa kufambisa kwechiratidzo uye kugamuchira.
- Mvura iri mumhepo: Mvura inogona kukanganisa chiratidzo uye kuderedza kunaka kwechiratidzo.
Antenna Gain uye dB
Antenna kuwana chiyero chekuwedzera kwesimba rechiratidzo iro antenna inopa. Inopimwa nema decibel (dB). Iyo yakakwira kuwana antenna ichapa chiratidzo chirinani pane yakaderera kuwana antenna.
Simplex uye Duplex Modes
Simplex mode inzira yekukurukurirana uko chiratidzo chinofambiswa uye chinogamuchirwa pane imwechete frequency. Duplex modhi inzira yekutaurirana uko chiratidzo chinofambiswa uye chinogamuchirwa pane akasiyana ma frequency.
Repeater Antennas
Repeater antennas anoshandiswa kuwedzera huwandu hwechiratidzo. Ivo vanogashira chiratidzo chisina kusimba uye vanochitumira zvakare kune yakakwira simba rekuwedzera huwandu hwechiratidzo.
Applications
UHF inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana ekukurukurirana nekuda kwezvakanaka zvayo pamusoro peVHF. Zvimwe zvekushandisa kukuru kweUHF mukutaurirana ndezvi:
- Kuchengetedzwa Kweruzhinji: UHF inoshandiswa paruzhinji kuchengetedza kutaurirana, kusanganisira mapurisa, moto, uye emergency emergency mabasa. UHF inobvumira kutaurirana kwenguva pfupi, iyo yakanakira nzvimbo dzemadhorobha uko zvivakwa zvinogona kuvharira masaini. Trunked redhiyo masisitimu anowanzo shandiswa kubvumira akawanda masangano kuti agoverane akafanana frequency chiteshi.
- Nharembozha: UHF ma frequency anoshandiswa munharembozha, kusanganisira GSM neUMTS network. Manetiweki aya anobvumira kutapurirana kwezwi uye data, pamwe nemamwe masevhisi akadai sekutumira mameseji uye kuwana internet.
- Wireless network: UHF inoshandiswa mune isina waya network, kusanganisira Wi-Fi uye Bluetooth. Manetiweki aya anobvumira midziyo kubatana pasina kudiwa kwetambo kana tambo.
- Satellite kutaurirana: UHF inoshandiswa kutaurirana setiraiti, kusanganisira GPS uye satellite mafoni. Midziyo iyi inobvumira kutaurirana munzvimbo dziri kure uko nzira dzechinyakare dzekutaura dzinogona kunge dzisipo.
Broadcasting
UHF inoshandiswawo mukutepfenyura, kusanganisira terevhizheni neredhiyo. Zvimwe zvekushandisa kukuru kweUHF mukutepfenyura ndezvi:
- Terevhizheni: UHF inoshandiswa kutepfenyura terevhizheni yedhijitari, iyo inobvumira mhando yepamusoro uye chiteshi kupfuura nhepfenyuro yeanalogi. UHF inoshandiswawo pakutepfenyura kwepamusoro-tsanangudzo terevhizheni (HDTV).
- Radhiyo: UHF inoshandiswa kune amateur radio, inonziwo ham radio. Izvi zvinobvumira kutaurirana pakati peamateur radio operators vachishandisa UHF frequency. UHF inoshandiswawo kumafoni asina tambo uye DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) mafoni.
Mauto neHurumende
UHF inoshandiswa nemauto nehurumende kune zvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira:
- Kukurukurirana kwepasi: UHF inoshandiswa kutaurirana-yakavakirwa pasi, kusanganisira kutaurirana pakati pezvigaro zvemauto nemasangano ehurumende.
- Radar uye yekutevera: UHF inoshandiswa mumaradhi uye masisitimu ekutevera, kusanganisira stealth tekinoroji.
- Satellite kutaurirana: UHF inoshandiswa kutaurirana setiraiti nemauto nehurumende.
Zvimwe Zvikumbiro
UHF ine mamwe akawanda maapplication, anosanganisira:
- Maredhiyo emunhu: UHF inoshandiswa mumaredhiyo emunhu, kusanganisira mawalkie-talkies uye maviri-nzira maredhiyo. Zvishandiso izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa mumabasa ekunze akadai sekudzika musasa uye kufamba-famba.
- Zvishandiso zvemakomputa: UHF inoshandiswa mumidziyo yemakomputa, inosanganisira ma tag eRFID (Radio Frequency Identification) uye NFC (Near Field Communication) zvishandiso.
- Antennas: UHF antennas anoshandiswa kufambisa uye kugamuchira masaini eUHF. Aya antennas anowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana uye mhando, kusanganisira inotakurika uye base station antennas.
- Spectrum reallocation: UHF frequencies iri kuendeswazve kuitira kuti izadzise kudiwa kweimwe spectrum yemasevhisi asina waya. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuderera kuri kudiwa kweiyo UHF kutepfenyura mafambiro uye nekushandiswa kwakakwenenzverwa kweUHF kwemasevhisi asina waya.
UHF uye VHF: Ndiani Anoashandisa?
Tisati tanyura mune anoshandisa UHF neVHF frequency, ngativei nekunzwisisa nekukurumidza kwezviri. UHF inomirira Ultra High Frequency, uye VHF inomirira Very High Frequency. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi ndeye frequency range yavanoshanda mairi. Maredhiyo eUHF anoshanda muchikamu che400-512 MHz, nepo VHF maredhiyo anoshanda muchikamu che136-174 MHz. Iyo frequency renji inokanganisa chiratidzo chechiratidzo uye kugona kwekupinda kwemaredhiyo.
Ndiani Anoshandisa UHF Radios?
- Vashandi vekuvaka: Maredhiyo eUHF anowanzo kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekuvaka nekuda kwekugona kwavo kupinda kuburikidza nezvivakwa uye zvimiro. Dzakanaka zvakare pakutaurirana munzvimbo dzine ruzha.
- Maindasitiri: Maredhiyo eUHF anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekugadzira, zvekufambisa, uye zvinhu. Iwo akakwana pakutaurirana mukati menzvimbo yakakura uye akagadzirirwa kutsungirira nharaunda dzakaoma.
- Masevhisi eruzhinji: Maredhiyo eUHF anowanzo kushandiswa neruzhinji masevhisi semapurisa, moto, uye emergency emergency services. Ivo vanopa mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza uye kuvanzika kupfuura VHF nhepfenyuro.
- Zvekutengesa masevhisi: UHF maredhiyo anoshandiswawo nevekutengesa masevhisi akadai sezvitoro nemaresitorendi. Iwo ari compact uye ari nyore kutakura achitenderedza, achiita kuti ave akakwana pakutaurirana mukati menzvimbo diki.
Ndeupi Waunofanira Kusarudza?
Kana zvasvika pakusarudza pakati peUHF neVHF nhepfenyuro, pane zvinhu zvishoma zvekufunga nezvazvo:
- Signal renji: UHF maredhiyo anopa hupfupi asi kugona kupinda mukati, nepo VHF maredhiyo achipa kureba asi anogona kunetseka kupinda kuburikidza nezvivakwa uye zvimiro.
- Hupenyu hwebhatiri: UHF maredhiyo anowanzo kuda diki bhatiri saizi uye anopa hupenyu hwakareba hwebhatiri kupfuura VHF nhepfenyuro.
- Mutengo: Maredhiyo eUHF anowanzo kudhura kupfuura VHF nhepfenyuro nekuda kweiyo yepamusoro frequency renji uye kuvaka.
- Zvakananga zvinodiwa: Zvichienderana nezvaunoda chaizvo, unogona kuona kuti imwe mhando yeredhiyo yakakunakira iwe kupfuura imwe.
Pakupedzisira, sarudzo pakati peredhiyo dzeUHF neVHF zvinoenderana nerudzi rwebasa raunoita uye nharaunda yaunoshanda mairi. Kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pezviviri izvi kunogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo paunenge uchitenga redhiyo.
Kusarudza Pakati peVHF neUHF Frequencies
- VHF frequency inopa yakakura bandwidth, zvichireva kuti vanogona kufambisa data rakawanda kamwechete.
- VHF frequencies inokodzera zvirinani kushandiswa kwekunze uye kushanda madaro marefu.
- VHF frequency hainyanyi kukanganiswa kubva kune mamwe maturusi.
- VHF nhepfenyuro dzinowanzopa masaini emhando yepamusoro uye anokodzera zvirinani kushanda munzvimbo dzakavhurika.
mhedziso
Saka ipapo unayo, uhf inomirira Ultra High Frequency uye inoshandiswa kutaurirana neredhiyo. Yakanakira kutaurirana pachako uye nekugovaniswa, asi haina kunyanya kune masaini marefu-renji. Asi usazvinetse, kune mamwe mafrequency eizvozvo. Saka, zvino unoziva!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
