Vamwe venyu vanogona kunge vakambonzwa nezve ribhoni maikorofoni, asi imi vachangobva kutanga vanogona kunge vachiri kushamisika, "Chii ichocho?"
Ribhoni maikorofoni imhando ye Microphone vanoshandisa aruminiyamu yakatetepa kana ribhoni resimbi pane a diaphragm kushandura masaisai enzwi kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi. Ivo vanozivikanwa nenzwi ravo rakasiyana uye yakakwirira SPL kugona.
Ngatinyure munhoroondo uye tekinoroji uye tiongorore mamwe emhando yepamusoro maikorofoni emazuva ano uye kuti angakwana sei mukuseta kwako kwekurekodha.
Chii chinonzi ribhoni maikorofoni?
Ribhoni maikorofoni imhando yemakrofoni inoshandisa aluminium yakatetepa kana duraluminium nanofilm ribhoni yakaiswa pakati pemapango maviri emagneti kuburitsa voltage kuburikidza nemagetsi induction. Ivo vanowanzoita bidirectional, zvichireva kuti vanotora manzwi zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese. Ribhoni maikorofoni ane yakaderera resonant frequency inotenderedza 20Hz, zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa resonant frequency yemadiaphragms mumakorofoni emhando yepamusoro, ayo anotangira pa20Hz kusvika 20kHz. Ribhoni maikorofoni yakapfava uye inodhura, asi zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvaita kuti mamwe maikorofoni emazuva ano eribhoni arambe akasimba.
Benefits:
• Ribhoni yakareruka ine kushushikana kudiki
• Low resonant frequency
• Zvakanakisa frequency mhinduro mumazita ekunzwa kwevanhu (20Hz-20kHz)
• Bidirectional pick pateni
• Inogona kugadzirwa nokuda kwecardioid, hypercardioid, uye variable pattern
• Inogona kutora high frequency tsanangudzo
• Voltage inobuda inogona kudarika yakajairwa nhanho ine simba maikorofoni
• Inogona kushandiswa nevasanganisi vane phantom simba
• Inogona kuvakwa sekiti ine maturusi ekutanga uye zvinhu
Ndeipi nhoroondo yemakrofoni eribhoni?
Ribhoni maikorofoni ane nhoroondo refu uye inonakidza. Dzakagadzirwa mukutanga kwema1920 naDr Walter H. Schottky naErwin Gerlach. Mhando iyi yemakrofoni inoshandisa aluminium yakaonda kana duraluminium nanofilm ribhoni yakaiswa pakati pemapango emagneti kugadzira voltage kuburikidza nemagetsi induction. Ribhoni maikorofoni anowanzo tarisa bidirectional, zvichireva kuti vanotora manzwi zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese.
Muna 1932, RCA Photophone Type PB-31s yakashandiswa muRadio City Music Hall, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya maindasitiri ekurekodha nekutepfenyura. Gore rakatevera, iyo 44A yakaburitswa ine toni pateni control kubatsira kudzikisa kudzokororwa. RCA ribhoni modhi dzaikosheswa zvakanyanya nevainjiniya vekuteerera.
Muna 1959, iyo iconic BBC Marconi Type ribhoni maikorofoni yakagadzirwa neBBC Marconi. Iyo ST&C Coles PGS Pressure Gradient Single yakagadzirirwa maapplication eBBC uye yaishandiswa muhurukuro nemakonzati esymphony.
Mumakore ekuma1970, Beyerdynamic yakaunza iyo M-160, yakaiswa nediki maikorofoni chinhu. Izvi zvakabvumira kuti 15-ribhoni maikorofoni abatanidzwe kugadzira yakanyatso kutungamira yepikipi pateni.
Maikorofoni emazuva ano eribhoni ave kugadzirwa nemagineti akagadziridzwa uye anoshandura magineti anoshanda, achibvumira kuti mazinga ekubuda apfuure ayo eakajairwa nhanho ine simba maikorofoni. Ribhoni maikorofoni zvakare isingadhure, ine mamodheru akagadzirwa neChinese akafemerwa neRCA-44 uye yekare Soviet Oktava ribhoni maikorofoni iripo.
Mumakore achangopfuura, UK-based Stewart Taverner Kambani Xaudia yakagadzira iyo Beeb, ichigadzirisa vintage Reslo ribhoni maikorofoni kuti ive nani toni uye kuita, pamwe nekuwedzera kuburitsa. Maikorofoni anoshandisa ribhoni zvinhu zvine akasimba nanomaterials aripo zvakare, achipa maodha ehukuru hwekuvandudza mukuchena kwechiratidzo uye nhanho yekubuda.
MaRibhoni Maikorofoni Anoshanda Sei?
Ribhoni Velocity Maikorofoni
Ribhoni velocity maikorofoni imhando yemakrofoni inoshandisa yakatetepa aluminium kana duraluminium nanofilm ribhoni yakaiswa pakati pemapango emagneti kuburitsa voltage kuburikidza nemagetsi induction. Ivo vanowanzoita bidirectional, zvichireva kuti vanotora manzwi zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese. Kunzwa kwemakrofoni uye kunhonga pateni kune bidirectional. Ribbon velocity maikorofoni inoonekwa sedoti dzvuku rinofamba pakati pemapango einofamba maikorofoni diaphragm, iyo yakasungirirwa kune mwenje, inofambiswa coil inoburitsa voltage sezvainofamba ichidzoka nekudzoka pakati pematanda echigarire magineti.
Ribhoni maikorofoni Bidirectional
Ribhoni maikorofoni anowanzo kuita bidirectional, zvichireva kuti vanotora ruzha zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese emaikorofoni. Kunzwa kwemakrofoni uye patani zvinotenderera, uye kana ikatariswa kubva padivi, maikorofoni inoita kunge doti dzvuku.
Ribhoni Maikorofoni Chiedza Metal Ribhoni
Ribhoni maikorofoni imhando yemakrofoni inoshandisa aluminium yakatetepa kana duraluminium nanofilm seribhoni rinoita zvemagetsi rinoiswa pakati pemapango emagneti kuburitsa voltage neelectromagnetic induction.
Ribhoni Maikorofoni Voltage Proportional Velocity
Iyo diaphragm yeribhoni maikorofoni inonamirwa kune yakareruka, inofambiswa coil iyo inoburitsa voltage painoenda ichidzoka nekudzoka pakati pemapango echigarire magineti. Ribhoni maikorofoni anowanzo gadzirwa nerebhoni yesimbi yakapfava, kazhinji ine marata, yakaturikwa pakati pematanda egineti. Sezvo ribhoni richizunguzika, voltage inonyudzwa pamakona ekurudyi kuenda kune magineti kutungamira uye inotorwa nevanobata kumagumo eribhoni. Ribhoni maikorofoni anonziwo velocity maikorofoni nekuti iyo induced voltage inoenderana nekumhanya kweribhoni mumhepo.
Ribhoni Maikorofoni Voltage Proportional Displacement
Kusiyana nekufambisa maikorofoni ecoil, voltage inogadzirwa neribhoni maikorofoni inoenderana nekumhanya kweribhoni mune remagineti, pane kutamiswa kwemhepo. Iyi ibhenefiti yakakosha yeribhoni maikorofoni, sezvo yakareruka kupfuura diaphragm uye ine yakaderera resonant frequency, kazhinji pazasi 20Hz. Izvi zvinopesana neyakajairwa resonant frequency yemadiaphragms mune yazvino maikorofoni emhando yepamusoro, ayo anotangira pa20Hz-20kHz.
Maikorofoni emazuva ano eribhoni akasimba zvakanyanya uye anogona kubata mimhanzi yerock ine ruzha pachikuva. Ivo zvakare vakakosheswa nekugona kwavo kubata yakakwira frequency ruzivo, vachienzanisa zvakanaka nemakrofoni econdenser. Ribhoni maikorofoni anozivikanwa zvakare neruzha rwawo, rwunova zvine hukasha uye brittle mune yakakwira yekupedzisira frequency spectrum.
Kusiyana
Ribhoni maikorofoni vs dynamic
Ribhoni uye maikorofoni ane simba ndiwo maviri emhando dzakakurumbira dzemakrofoni anoshandiswa muindasitiri yekuteerera. Marudzi ese ari maviri emakrofoni ane zvawo akasiyana mabhenefiti uye neakaipa. Heino ongororo yakadzama yemusiyano uripo pakati peribhoni nemakrofoni ane simba:
• Mamaikorofoni eRibhoni anonzwisisa kupfuura maikorofoni anochinja, zvichireva kuti anogona kutora mamwe madiki madiki muruzha.
• Ribhoni maikorofoni ane ruzha rwechisikigo, nepo maikorofoni ane simba anowanzo kuve neruzha rwakananga.
• Mamaikorofoni eRibhoni haana kusimba pane mamaikorofoni anochinja uye anoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya paunenge uchibata.
• Mamaikorofoni eRibhoni anodhura kupfuura maikorofoni anochinja.
• Maikorofoni eRibhoni ane bidirectional, zvichireva kuti anogona kutora ruzha kubva kumberi nekumashure kwemaikorofoni, nepo mamaikorofoni ane simba achiwanzoita unidirectional.
• Ribhoni maikorofoni anowanzo shandiswa pakurekodha zviridzwa, nepo mamaikorofoni ane simba achishandiswa kurekodha mazwi.
Mukupedzisa, ribhoni uye ane simba maikorofoni ane zvawo akasiyana mabhenefiti uye nekuipa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise iyo chaiyo application paunenge uchifunga kuti ndeipi mhando yemakrofoni yekushandisa.
Ribhoni maikorofoni vs condenser
Ribhoni uye condenser maikorofoni vane mutsauko wakasiyana mukugadzira uye kushanda kwavo. Heano mimwe misiyano yakakosha pakati pezviviri izvi:
• Ribhoni maikorofoni anoshandisa ribhoni yesimbi yakatetepa yakaturikwa pakati pemagineti maviri kugadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi. Maikorofoni eCondenser anoshandisa diaphragm yakatetepa yakanamirwa kune mwenje, inofambiswa coil kugadzira voltage kana ichifamba ichienda nekudzoka pakati pemapango emagineti anogara.
• Mamaikorofoni eRibhoni ane bidirectional, zvichireva kuti anotora ruzha zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese, ukuwo macondenser maikorofoni achiwanzoita unidirectional.
• Ribhoni maikorofoni ane yakaderera resonant frequency pane condenser maikorofoni, kazhinji kutenderera 20 Hz. Condenser maikorofoni anowanzo kuve neresonant frequency muhuwandu hwekunzwa kwevanhu, pakati pe20 Hz ne20 kHz.
• Ribhoni maikorofoni ane yakaderera voltage goho pane condenser maikorofoni, asi emazuva ano ribhoni maikorofoni akavandudza magineti uye anobudirira matransforma anobvumira mazinga avo ekubuda kupfuura aya ejairika stage dynamic maikorofoni.
• Mamaikorofoni eRibhoni akapfava uye anodhura, nepo mamaikorofoni emazuva ano econdenser akasimba uye anogona kushandiswa kunziyo dzerock dzine ruzha zvikuru pachikuva.
• Mamaikorofoni eRibhoni anokosheswa nekugona kwawo kutora ma frequency epamusoro, ukuwo macondenser maikorofoni achizivikanwa neruzha rwawo rwekuve hukasha uye brittle muhigh end frequency spectrum.
FAQ nezve ribhoni maikorofoni
Ribhoni mics inotsemuka nyore nyore here?
Ribhoni mics yakapfava uye inodhura, asi dhizaini yemazuva ano uye zvigadzirwa zvaita kuti zvigare zvakanyanya. Nepo ekare ribhoni mics inogona kukuvadzwa zviri nyore, razvino ribhoni mics rakagadzirwa kuti rive rakasimba. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha ekufunga kana zvasvika pakusimba kweribhoni mics:
• Ribhoni mics yakapfava kupfuura mamwe marudzi emamics, asi magadzirirwo echizvino-zvino uye zvigadzirwa zvaita kuti zvigare zvakasimba.
• Mamicic erabhoni echinyakare anogona kukuvadzwa nyore nyore kana akasabatwa nemazvo, asi maikorofoni emazuva ano akagadzirwa kuti ave akasimba.
• Ribhoni maikorofoni akagadzirwa kuti ashandiswe mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zviitwa zvepamoyo, marekodhi ekurekodha, uye maapplication ekutepfenyura.
• Ribhoni maikorofoni haakurudzirwi kuti ashandiswe mumhanzi une ruzha, we<em>rock-style, sezvo kukwirira kwemutsindo wepamusoro kunogona kukuvadza chinhu cheribhoni.
• Ribhoni mics inofanirwa kubatwa zvine hungwaru, sezvo isina kusimba uye inogona kukuvara nyore kana ikasabatwa nemazvo.
• Ribhoni mics dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo isina njodzi, yakaoma uye haifanirwe kuratidzwa kune tembiricha yakanyanyisa kana mwando.
• Ribhoni mics dzinofanira kugara dzichiongororwa zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa, sekutsemuka kweribhoni element kana loose connections.
Pakazere, ribhoni mics yakapfava asi dhizaini yemazuva ano uye zvigadzirwa zvaita kuti zvirambe zvakasimba. Nepo mics dzeribhoni dzechinyakare dzichigona kukuvadzwa zviri nyore, ribhoni mics dzemazuva ano dzakagadzirwa kuti dzive dzakasimba uye dzinogona kumira zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekudaro, zvichiri kukosha kubata ribhoni mics zvine hanya uye nekuichengeta munzvimbo yakachengetedzeka, yakaoma.
Ribhoni mics yakanaka mukamuri mics?
Ribhoni mics isarudzo huru yekamuri mics. Vane ruzha rwakasiyana rwunowanzotsanangurwa sehudziya uye hwakatsetseka. Heano mamwe emabhenefiti ekushandisa ribhoni mics yekamuri mics:
• Vane mhinduro yakawanda yefrequency, iyo inoita kuti ive yakanaka yekutora ruzha rwakakwana muimba.
• Idzo dzinonzwa zvakanyanya uye dzinogona kutora madiki nuances mukunzwika.
• Ivo havanyanyi kuita mhinduro pane mamwe marudzi emamics.
• Vane pasi pasi, izvo zvinoreva kuti havatore chero ruzha rusingadiwi.
• Vane inzwi rechisikigo rinowanzotsanangurwa se "vintage".
• Iwo haadhure zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emamics.
• Inogara kwenguva refu uye inogona kumira kuoma kwekuita kwehupenyu.
Pakazere, ribhoni mics isarudzo yakanakisa yekamuri mics. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinogona kushandiswa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa. Izvo zvakare zvisingadhuri uye zvinogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemitengo. Kana iwe uchitsvaga yakanaka kamuri mic, funga ribhoni mic.
Sei ribhoni mics ichinzwika nerima?
Ribhoni mics dzinozivikanwa neruzha rwadzo, ndosaka dzichiwanzo shandiswa kurekodha zviridzwa zvakaita segitare nemanzwi. Pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei ribhoni mics inonzwika yakasviba:
• Ribhoni pachayo itete uye yakareruka, saka ine yakaderera resonant frequency uye inononoka mhinduro inononoka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti ribhoni ridaire kune ruzha, zvichikonzera kusviba, kunyorova.
• Ribhoni mics dzinowanzoita bidirectional, zvichireva kuti dzinotora ruzha zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese. Izvi zvinoguma nekunzwika kwakawanda kwechisikigo, asiwo kwakasviba.
• Ribhoni mics inowanzogadzirwa ne-low-impedance design, izvo zvinoreva kuti havatore ruzivo rwepamusoro-soro semamwe marudzi emamics. Izvi zvinoita kuti inzwi rive rakasviba.
• Ribhoni maikorofoni anowanzo kunzwisiswa zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe marudzi emamic, saka anotora zvakawanda zvemukamuri uye maratidziro, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti ruzha ruve kusviba.
• Ribhoni mics inozivikanwawo nekukwanisa kwavo kutora zvinyoro zvishoma muzwi, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti inzwi rive rakasviba uye riwedzere.
Pakazere, ribhoni mics dzinozivikanwa neruzha rwadzo, ndosaka dzichiwanzo shandiswa kurekodha zviridzwa zvakaita segitare nemanzwi. Iko kusanganiswa kweiyo yakaderera resonant frequency, bidirectional inotora pateni, yakaderera-impedance dhizaini, kunzwa, uye kugona kutora zvidiki nuances zvese zvinopa kune yavo yakasviba ruzha.
Ko maikorofoni eribhoni ane ruzha here?
Ribhoni mics haina ruzha, asi inogona kuva kana isina kushandiswa nemazvo. Hezvino zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinogona kuita kuti ribhoni mic ine ruzha:
• Mapreamps akagadzirwa zvisina kunaka: Kana mapreamps anoshandiswa kukwidziridza chiratidzo kubva paribhoni mic asina kugadzirwa zvakanaka, anogona kupinza ruzha muchiratidzo.
• Tambo dzemhando yakaderera: Tambo dzemhando yakaderera dzinogona kupinza ruzha muchiratidzo, sezvingaite kusabatana kwakashata.
• Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro kwepamusoro: Kana iyo inowanikwa yakagadziriswa zvakanyanya, inogona kukonzera kuti chiratidzo chive chakakanganiswa uye chine ruzha.
• Zvinhu zveribhoni zvakagadzirwa zvisina kunaka: Zvigadzirwa zveribhoni zvisina kunaka zvinogona kukonzera ruzha, sezvinogona kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera.
• Mitumbi yemakrofoni yakagadzirwa zvisina kunaka: Mitumbi yemakrofoni isina kunyatsogadzirwa inogona kukonzera ruzha, sezvinoita kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera.
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti ribhoni mic yako haina ruzha, ita shuwa kuti unoshandisa emhando yepamusoro preamp, tambo, uye miviri yemakrofoni, uye kuti kuwana kwacho kwakaiswa nemazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, ita shuwa kuti iyo ribhoni element yakagadzirwa nemazvo uye yakagadzirwa kubva kune zvemhando yepamusoro zvinhu.
Ribhoni mic inoda preamp here?
Ehe, ribhoni mic inoda preamp. Preamp inodiwa kuti ukwidze chiratidzo kubva paribhoni mic kusvika padanho rinoshandiswa. Ribhoni mamics anozivikanwa neawo mashoma ekubuda mazinga, saka preamp yakakosha kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva mazviri. Heano mamwe mabhenefiti ekushandisa preamp ine ribhoni mic:
• Kuwedzera kwechiratidzo-ku-ruzha reshiyo: Preamps inogona kubatsira kuderedza kuwanda kweruzha muchiratidzo, kuita kuti ruzha ruve rwakajeka uye rwakadzama.
• Kuvandudzwa kwe dynamic range: Preamps inogona kubatsira kuwedzera dynamic range yechiratidzo, zvichibvumira kutaura kune simba.
• Kuwedzerwa kwemusoro wemusoro: Preamps inogona kubatsira kuwedzera musoro wechiratidzo, zvichibvumira kuwedzera kwepamusoro uye inzwi rakazara.
• Kujeka kwakavandudzwa: Preamps inogona kubatsira kunatsiridza kujeka kwechiratidzo, zvichiita kuti inzwike yakajairika uye isina kukanganisa.
• Kuwedzera kwekunzwa: Preamps inogona kubatsira kuwedzera kunzwisiswa kwechiratidzo, zvichiita kuti mamwe madiki nuances anzwike.
Pakazere, kushandisa preamp ine ribhoni mic kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza mhando yeruzha uye kuita zvakanyanya kugona kwema mic. Preamps inogona kubatsira kuwedzera chiratidzo-kune-ruzha reshiyo, ine simba renji, headroom, kujeka, uye kunzwisiswa kwechiratidzo, ichiita kuti inzwike zvirinani uye yakanyatsotsanangurwa.
Hukama hwakakosha
Tube Maikorofoni: Tube mics yakafanana neribhoni mics pakuti ivo vese vanoshandisa vacuum chubhu kukwidziridza chiratidzo chemagetsi. Tube mics kazhinji inodhura kupfuura ribhoni mics uye ine inodziya, inonzwika inonzwika.
Phantom Power: Phantom simba imhando yemagetsi anoshandiswa kupa simba condenser uye ribhoni mics. Inowanzo kupihwa neaudio interface kana musanganiswa uye inodiwa kuti mic ishande nemazvo.
Inozivikanwa ribhoni mic mhando
Royer Labs: Royer Labs ikambani inonyanya kushandisa ribhoni maikorofoni. Yakavambwa muna 1998 naDavid Royer, kambani yave mutungamiri mumusika weribhoni maikorofoni. Royer Labs yakagadzira akati wandei ezvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira iyo R-121, yakajairika ribhoni maikorofoni yave yakakosha muindasitiri yekurekodha. Royer Labs yakagadzirawo SF-24, stereo ribhoni maikorofoni, uye SF-12, mbiri-ribhoni maikorofoni. Iyo kambani zvakare inogadzira huwandu hwezvishandiso, senge shock mounts uye windscreens, kubatsira kuchengetedza ribhoni maikorofoni kubva mukukuvadzwa.
Rode: Rode iAustralia inogadzira michina yekuteerera iyo inogadzira akasiyana maikorofoni, kusanganisira ribhoni maikorofoni. Yakavambwa muna 1967, Rode ave mutungamiri mumusika wemakrofoni, achigadzira huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi uye kushandiswa kwevatengi. Rode's ribhoni maikorofoni anosanganisira NT-SF1, stereo ribhoni maikorofoni, uye NT-SF2, mbiri-ribhoni maikorofoni. Rode zvakare inogadzira huwandu hwezvishandiso, senge mashock mounts uye windscreens, kubatsira kuchengetedza ribhoni maikorofoni kubva mukukuvadzwa.
mhedziso
Ribhoni maikorofoni isarudzo huru yekurekodha uye kutepfenyura, ichipa yakasarudzika ruzha uye yakakwirira frequency ruzivo. Iwo akachipa uye anogara kwenguva refu, uye anogona kugadzirwa nematurusi ekutanga uye zvinhu. Nekutarisira kwakaringana uye kutarisisa, ribhoni maikorofoni inogona kuve yakakura yekuwedzera kune chero yekurekodha setup. Saka kana iwe uchitsvaga yakasarudzika ruzha, funga kupa ribhoni maikorofoni kuyedza!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
