Fundamental Frequency, inozivikanwawo se "yakakosha" kana "yekutanga harmonic", ndeyekuimba izvo chigaro chekutanga kune symphony orchestra.
Ndiyo yakaderera frequency mune harmonic akatevedzana uye pekutangira kwemamwe ese toni anosanganisira chidimbu chemimhanzi.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa kuti chii chakakosha frequency, kukosha kwayo mumhanzi, uye mashandisiro eiyo muzvinyorwa zvako.
Tsanangudzo ye fundamental frequency
Yakakosha frequency, kana yekutanga harmonic yeakaomesesa ruzha wave, ingori frequency inoburitsa yakaderera amplitude vibration yeruzha. Inowanzo kunzi "tonal centre" yeruzha nekuti chinyorwa chega chega muchikamu cheharmonic chinowana chirevo chayo kubva pachiri.
Kuwanda kwemanyorerwo enoti kunotemwa nezvinhu zviviri—urefu hwayo uye kutsina kwayo. Iyo yakareba uye yakawanda taut tambo iri, iyo yakakwirira iyo yakakosha frequency. Zviridzwa zvakaita sepiyano nemagitare—izvo zvinoumbwa netambo dzinodedera nokunhonga—shandisa musimboti uyu kugadzira mhatsa yadzo.
Nehunyanzvi kutaura, yakakosha frequency inoreva munhu ega sinusoidal partials mukati mecomposite waveform - uye aya akafanana sinusoidal partials ane basa rekutakura mimhanzi yedu chiratidzo uye ma frequency atinozivisa nawo tonality. Izvi zvinoreva kunzwisisa mashandisirwo emhando yakapfava iyi yekurira mumhanzi kunogona kutibatsira kugadzira mutinhimira unoshanda, wirirano uye mutinhimira unozoshanda zvine mutsindo kune zvatinofarira.
Mafambiro anokosha anoshandiswa mumimhanzi
Yakakosha frequency, inozivikanwawo seyakakosha kurira kana yekutanga harmonic, inoshandiswa kugadzira nziyo nemhedzisiro mumarudzi mazhinji emimhanzi. Ipfungwa yakakosha kunzwisisa kuitira kuti uwane zvirinani ruzha rwemhando mune chero mhando yekugadzira uye chiridzwa chiridzwa.
Muchirevo chemimhanzi, yakakosha frequency itoni yakaderera inogadzirwa kana masaisai eruzha achipindirana nenzvimbo yaro. Kuwanda kweiyi toni kunotarwa nehurefu hwayo; izvi, zvakare, zvinoenderana nekuzunguza periodicity kana kumhanya kwechinhu chirikuchigadzira - chiridzwa tambo, tambo dzezwi kana synthesizer waveform pakati pemamwe masosi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, timbre uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nemanzwi zvinogona kugadziridzwa nekuchinja imwe chaiyo parameter - yavo yakakosha frequency.
Mumanzwi emumhanzi, iyi parameter inobata zvakanyanya mabatiro atinoita toni mbiri dziri kutamba kamwechete: ingave dzichinzwa kupindirana (mune kurohwa kusina kudzika kunoitika) kana dissonant (kana kurohwa kunoonekwa kuripo). Chimwe chinhu chinopesvedzera chingasanganisira madudziro atinoita cadences uye chords: mamwe matchups pakati pemapanji anogona kukonzera mamwe maitiro zvichienderana nezvaanonyanya kukosha; sezvikamu zvakadai zvinogona kushanda pamwechete kugadzira zvinotarisirwa asi zvinofadza zvinoumba zvimiro zvakaomarara zvakaita senziyo nekunzwanana kwese.
Chekupedzisira, asi chakanyanya kukosha kumataera emazuva ano ekugadzira - kuwedzera kutonga pamusoro pemafafitera akakosha kunotitendera kushandisa nemazvo magadzirirwo senge phasing uye kukoira izvo zvinoenderana nekutonga kwakaringana kwenzwi pamusoro pemateki ega akarukwa pamwechete kuita manzwi makuru. Nekuva netonal kugadzikana kune ese maodhiyo masosi mukati menzvimbo imwe chete, inonakidza matairi anogona kugadzirwa uku uchichengetedza kumashure melodic mitsara inoenderera mukati memusanganiswa kana kuronga.
Physics of Sound
Usati wanyura mune izvo zvakakosha zve frequency mumimhanzi, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise fizikisi yekurira. Ruzha imhando yesimba rinogadzirwa nezvinhu zvinozunguza. Kana chimwe chinhu chichizunguzika, chinogadzira twunhu twumwe twunombundana muchikamu chinotevera chezvikamu zvemweya zvofamba nemasaisai kusvika zvasvika kunzeve. Mhando yekufamba iyi inozivikanwa se'sound wave'. Iyi oscillating soundwave inotakura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri, senge frequency.
Magadzirirwo anoita masaisai enzwi
Kuti isu tinzwe ruzha, chinhu chinozunguzika chinoda kugadzira kutenheka mumhepo. Izvi zvinoitwa nemafungu ekufamba kwekumanikidza uye zvisingaite, izvo zvinofamba kubva kutsime kuburikidza nemhepo yakatenderedza. Iyo wave wave ine frequency uye wavelength. Sezvo ichipfuura nemumhepo inopatsanurwa kuita ega ega mafungu anoumbwa neakawanda mafrequency pamatanho mazhinji akasiyana amplitude. Mavhitaminzi anopinda munzeve yedu uye anoita kuti ngoma yedu yenzeve itenderere pane mamwe ma frequency, ichitibvumira kududzira seruzha.
Iyo yakaderera frequency yeizwi wave inozivikanwa seyakakosha frequency, kana yakakosha toni. Izvi ndizvo zvatingaona se "chinyorwa" chine chekuita nechiridzwa kana izwi. Kana tambo yechiridzwa ichizunguzika nehurefu hwayo hwakazara, frequency imwe chete inogadzirwa: toni yayo yakakosha. Kana chinhu chichizunguzika nehafu yeurefu hwacho, masaisai maviri akazara achagadzirwa uye toni mbiri dzichanzwika: imwe yakakwirira kupfuura yekare ( "noti yaro ine hafu" ), uye imwe yakaderera ( "inopetwa kaviri" ). Chiitiko ichi chinoshanda kune zvese zviridzwa zvinogona kuburitsa toni dzakawanda zvichienderana nekuwanda kwechimiro chazvo chinonakidzwa panguva yekudengenyeka - senge tambo kana mhepo zviridzwa senyere.
Iyo yakakosha frequency inogona zvakare kushandiswa uchishandisa hunyanzvi hwakadai sekuwirirana - apo manotsi akawanda anoridzwa panguva imwe chete kuti abudise manzwi makuru - pamwe nechords - apo manotsi maviri kana anopfuura anoridzwa pamwe chete muzvikamu zvidiki pane octave - zvichikonzera kurira kwakapfuma kunowanzo kuvimba. idzi modulation dzeiyo yekutanga yakakosha toni kune zvakanyanya hunhu hwavo uye manzwiro emanzwiro. Nekunzwisisa kuti freuqency inogadzira masaisai eruzha uye kudyidzana nemamwe ma frequency, vaimbi vanogona kushandisa misimboti iyi kuumba mimhanzi ine simba izere nekutaura uye manzwiro anorerekera zvakanyanya nevateereri pazvose zviri zviviri mazinga ekuziva uye akadzikama.
Iyo fizikisi ye frequency uye pitch
Iyo fizikisi yeruzha inonyanya kuenderana ne frequency uye kurira. Frequency ndiyo nhamba yenguva iyo wave wave inopedza kutenderera kwakazara musekondi, ukuwo kukwirira kuri iko kuzviisa pasi kweiyo frequency, iyo inogona kunzwika seyakaderera kana yakakwira toni. Aya mazano maviri akabatanidzwa, uye frequency yakakosha inosarudza rwiyo rwemhanzi mune chero chiridzwa.
Fundamental frequency is acoustic wave inoburitswa kubva kuchinhu chinozunguzika chine frequency yakafanana nemamwe ese acoustic mafungu anogadzirwa nechinhu ichocho, icho chinotemesa chinyorwa chayo chemumhanzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune chero chiridzwa chakapihwa, huwandu hwayo hunonzwika hwemakwinji hunotanga pane yakakosha frequency uye inoenderera ichikwira kumusoro kune yakakwira kurongeka ma frequency akagadzirwa ne overtones kana harmonics. Semuyenzaniso, tambo yegitare yakanaka ine akawanda maharmonics ayo mafrequency ari kuwanda kweayo akakosha frequency senge kaviri (yechipiri harmonic), katatu (yechitatu harmonic) zvichingodaro kusvika pakupedzisira yasvika octave imwe pamusoro pekutanga kwayo.
Simba rezvakakosha rinogona kutsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda senge saizi yetambo, tension uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuvaka chiridzwa kana mhando yechiratidzo chekugadzira michina inoshandiswa kuikurisa; saka kana zvasvika pakugadzira zvikamu zvemimhanzi zvinofanirwa kunyatsotariswa kuitira kuti nuance yega yega ingove nekujeka kwakakwana pasina kukurira mumwe kana kugadzira yakawandisa reverberation.
Yakakosha Frequency muMumhanzi Zviridzwa
Yakakosha frequency ipfungwa yakakosha yekunzwisisa kana uchikurukura chero mhando yechiridzwa chemimhanzi. Ndiko kuwanda kweruzha rweruzha rwuripo kana chinyoro chinoridzwa pachiridzwa. Iyo yakakosha frequency inogona kushandiswa kuongorora nzira inoridzwa noti, uye toni uye ruzha rwechiridzwa. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura pfungwa yenguva inokosha uye kushandiswa kwayo muzviridzwa zvemimhanzi.
Mafambiro akakosha anoshandiswa sei kuziva manotsi emimhanzi
Yakakosha frequency inoshandiswa nevaimbi kutsanangura uye kuona manotsi emimhanzi. Ndiyo huru frequency ye periodic sound wave, uye inoonekwa sechinhu chikuru chinoumba hunhu hwetimbre (iyo "chimiro" kana toni yemhando yezwi). Timbre inowanzobatanidzwa nezviridzwa zvakasiyana kana manzwi, sezvo iwo ega ega aine ega ega emhando dzematoni anoita kuti azivikanwe, kunyangwe ivo vari kuridza imwechete.
Kana chiridzwa kana inzwi richiridza noti, rinodedera pane imwe frequency. Iyi frequency inogona kuyerwa, uye kukwirira kwechinyorwa ichi kunogona kuzivikanwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yayo maererano nemamwe manotsi. Iyo yakaderera frequencies inowanzobatanidzwa neakadzika manotsi (yepasi pitches), uye yakakwirira frequencies inowanzoenderana nepamusoro manotsi (yepamusoro pitches).
Iyi frequency yakayerwa tichireva nezvemanotsi emimhanzi inozivikanwa seyakakosha frequency, iyo inogona zvakare kunzi "pitch-kirasi" kana "yakakosha-toni". Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, frequency frequency inotibatsira kuona kuti chimwe chinhu chiri kuridza noti ipi, ukuwo timbre ichitiudza chiridzwa kana kuti inzwi riri kuridzwa.
Mukugadzira mimhanzi, mafambiro akakosha anotibatsira kusiyanisa zviridzwa zvakasiyana zvinoridza manotsi akafanana - sekuziva kana paine viola pachinzvimbo cheviolin kugadzira iwo manzwi akanyanya kukwidza. Kuziva nziyo idzi kunobatsira vanyori kuti vagadzire manzwi akasiyana uye kukwenenzvera nziyo dzavo vachisanganisa mukugadzira-shure. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuita kwepamhepo, zviridzwa zvinogona kuda tuner inoyera yega yega yakakosha yakasarudzika kuitira kuti vaimbi vagare vachirova chavanoda manotsi akasiyana panguva yekuita. Nekunzwisisa mafambisirwo akakosha anogona kutibatsira kuaziva zvirinani kana tichigadzira mimhanzi yezvese zvirikuitika uye zvestudio tinowana ruzivo rwakakosha mukugadzira mitsara yezviridzwa zvakasiyana kuti vateereri vedu vanakidzwe!
Kuti zviridzwa zvakasiyana zvinogadzira sei akasiyana akakosha ma frequency
Yakakosha frequency ndechimwe cheakakosha hunhu hwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi, sezvo ichisarudza makwiriro uye toni yeruzha rwemumhanzi. Chiridzwa chega chega chinogadzira chayo chakasiyana chakasarudzika frequency zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana, senge kureba kwayo uye zvinhu zvayakagadzirwa kubva. Kurerutsa, kureba kwechiridzwa kunoenderana nekukura kwemasaisai acho.
Semuyenzaniso, kana tambo iri pagitare yadamburwa, inodedera pane imwe sipidhi (zvichienderana nekuoma kwayainge yadamburwa) izvo zvinoturikira mukuwanda kwayo kwakakosha - mumutsara unonzwika nevanhu - izvo zvinogadzira mamwe mazwi. Saizvozvo, bhero kana gongo rinozunguza kana rarohwa uye kugadzira ma frequency anoenderana nehuremu hwaro kana saizi.
Saizi uye chimiro chezviridzwa zvehuni zvinokanganisawo mafambiro azvo akakosha sezvo ari machubhu anopeperetswa nemhepo ane zviteshi kana maburi akarongwa padivi pawo kuti agadzirise mhepo iripo mukati mavo; izvi zvinovabvumira kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana mukati mehuwandu hwavo nekuunza mapikisi akasiyana kubva pane ino sosi. Kazhinji kutaura, zviridzwa zvidiki zvetsanga zvakaita senyere uye clarinets zvinoda mweya mushoma kuti utendwe kwakasimba pamhepo huru pane yakakura semabassoon nemaoboes.
Nekutarisa kureba kwechiridzwa, kuumbwa kwechinhu uye humwe hunhu hunobatsira mukuburitsa ma frequency anonzwika murudzi rwunonzwika rwevanhu, tinogona kuona kuti zviridzwa zvakasiyana zvine zvimiro zvakasiyana zvinoburitsa ruzha rwakasiyana kana zvashandiswa mukuridza mumhanzi - zvichibatsira mukunzwisisa kwedu kwakapfuma kwemimhanzi. dzidziso!
Kushandisa Yakakosha Frequency muMumhanzi
Yakakosha frequency kana yekutanga harmonic chinhu chakakosha kufunga nezvacho semuimbi. Ndiyo yakaderera frequency ye periodic sound wave uye inoita basa rakakosha mumaonero atinoita yasara yeharmonic series. Semuimbi, kunzwisisa kuti chii chakakosha frequency uye kuti inogona kushandiswa sei mumhanzi kwakakosha kuti ugadzire ruzha rwakapfuma uye rwakaoma. Ngationgororei mashandisiro akakosha frequency mumimhanzi yedu.
Kushandisa yakakosha frequency kugadzira kuwirirana
Mumhanzi, zvakakosha ndiwo mafambisirwo eruzha rwunoburitsa matauriro arwo akasiyana. Ruzivo rwekutanga urwu runowanikwa mumimhanzi senzwi uye kuwirirana kunobatsira kugadzira kuzivikanwa kwechidimbu chemimhanzi yaunogadzira. Paunosanganisa frequency yechiridzwa chimwe nechimwe chiridzwa chakanyanya frequency, kuwirirana kunogadzirwa.
Kushandisa yakakosha frequency kugadzira kuwirirana, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise pfungwa iri shure kwayo. Izwi rekuti "basic frequency" rinoreva ruzha rwakasiyana rwechero noti kana nzwi rinoshanda sechivakwa chayo chakakosha. Nekunzwisisa mafambiro eruzha rwega ega, unogona kuona chimiro chayo uye wobva washandisa ruzivo irworwo kugadzira nziyo, chords kana harmonic kufambira mberi pakati pezviridzwa zviviri zvakasiyana kana ruzha.
Semuenzaniso, nekubatanidza manzwi maviri (A uye B) umo A ari pa220 Hz uye B ari pa440 Hz - ine yakakosha frequency reshiyo ye2:1 - unogona kugadzira zvikamu zvikuru muzvitatu pakati peA naB mukuwirirana (zvichipa zvese zviri zviviri. manotsi anonamira patani huru). Uyezve kana chimwe chiridzwa (C) chikapinda musanganiswa pa660 Hz -iine chikamu chechina chakakwana kubva kuB-ichiri kuchengetedza iwo akaenzana mafrequency muchiyero chimwe che2:1; pfungwa inotova huru zvikuru yekubatana yaizogadzirwa pakati pezviridzwa zvitatu izvozvo pazvinoridzwa pamwe chete panguva imwe chete!
Kushandisa mafambiro akakosha pamwe chete nenziyo kunotibatsira kugadzira nziyo dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzinochengetedza zita remhando. Izvo zvakare zvinotitendera kuti tiongorore matsva eharmonic maumbirwo / manzwi akasiyana nechero chinhu chatakambonzwa! Ingoyeuka kuti kana uchishandisa nzira iyi yekugadzira mimhanzi; gara uchitanga nekujairana neimwe pitch's Fundamental Frequency (FF), sezvo ichigona kushanda senzira yako yekugadzira hukama!
Kushandisa yakakosha frequency kugadzira rhythm
Basic frequency, kana kuti base frequency of a sound wave, inowanzoshandiswa mumhanzi kugadzira mutinhimira. Masaisai eruzha anofamba zvishoma nezvishoma ane mafungu akareba uye masaisai akaderera, ukuwo masaisai eruzha anokurumidza kufamba achiburitsa ma frequency epamusoro. Nekugadzirisa mafambiro akakosha eiyo synthesized sound wave, vaimbi vanogona kunyatso shandisa kuyerera uye kumhanya kwenziyo dzavo.
Mumhando dzakawanda dzenziyo, masinhi akasiyana anoenderana nemutinhimira chaiwo. Mimhanzi yedhanzi remagetsi inowanzoshandisa nzira iyi kuburikidza nekukasira kuchinjika manzwi ane mafambisirwo epamusoro akakosha. Sezvineiwo, hip-hop neR&B nziyo dzinowanzoshandisa kurira kwakadzika-pasi kune marefu-masaisai anofamba nekumhanya kwakasununguka - aya anoenderana nekurira kwengoma kwakatsiga kunopa hwaro hwerhythmic hwakasimba hwezvinhu zvezwi.
Nekugadzirisa mafambiro akakosha eizwi rakagadzirwa, vaimbi vemimhanzi vanokwanisa kugadzira mutinhimira wakasarudzika unotsanangura chimiro chavo chechimiro. Kuburikidza nekushandisa kwavo nemaune kweakakosha frequencies maartist zvishandiso zvakagadzira mafomula akaomesesa ekutevedzana anopokana nemaitiro echinyakare ekugadzirisa uye simba mukuumbwa kwemimhanzi. Mimhanzi inogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira iyi inzira inomutsa yekutaura pfungwa dzakasiyana kana nyaya.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, kunzwisisa mafambiro akakosha eruzha ndicho chimwe chezvakakosha pakugadzira mimhanzi. Pasina frequency yakakosha, zvingave zvakaoma kuona nziyo uye kugadzira mimhanzi inonzwika nevanhu. Nekunzwisisa pfungwa dzine chekuita nazvo uye maitiro ekuiwana, unogona kugadzira mimhanzi ine simba kune vateereri vako.
Pfupiso yeiyo yakakosha frequency uye kushandiswa kwayo mumimhanzi
Yakakosha frequency, inozivikanwawo se "pitch" yekurira, chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa kugadzira uye kuziva mimhanzi. Iyi frequency ndiyo toni yakaderera pane chiridzwa. Inogona kunzwika pamwe chete nekunzwa, uye kana yakabatanidzwa nemamwe toni inogadzira overtones kana "harmonics". Aya mamwe mafambiro anowedzera pane zvatinogona kunzwa mumatoni akakosha uye anoita kuti awedzere kufadza kana akaonekwa nenzeve yemunhu.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu emumhanzi, frequency yakakosha inowanzoshandiswa kumaka mapoinzi ekutanga uye ekupedzisira emitsara kuburikidza nekuchinja kweharmonic kana nekuaisa pamataurirwo akasimba kupfuura mamwe manotsi. Inogonawo kushandura zviyero zviripo kusimbisa dzimwe nguva zviri nani pane zvimwe. Nekuishandisa zvakanaka, vanyori vanokwanisa kukwidziridza mamwe manzwiro kana kumutsa mamiriro ezvinhu emimhanzi. Nheyo dzakakoshawo zvakakosha kune zvakawanda zviridzwa zvemimhanzi; zviridzwa zvine tambo zvinoda mitsetse chaiyo kuti irambe ichirira apo zviridzwa zvinofuridza zvinozvishandisa senzvimbo dzekutarisa pakuisa manotsi.
Mukupedzisa, yakakosha frequency chinhu chekona chekuumbwa kwemimhanzi uye kuita kwave kuripo kubva kare. Kukwanisa kuidzora kunobvumira vaimbi kukotamisa mimhanzi pakuda kwavo uye kuibata mupfungwa uye nerunako. Kunzwisisa mafambisirwo akakosha kunotibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kutetepa asi kunobatsira mune yakakura mamiriro emimhanzi dzidziso uye chimiro.
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
