Kwaya iboka re vaimbi vanoita pamwe chete. Kune marudzi akawanda emakwaya, anosanganisira makwaya emuchechi, makwaya ezvikoro, nemakwaya emunharaunda.
Verenga kuti uzive zvakawanda nezve kwaya uye kuti inoshanda sei.
Makwaya: Kuimba Mukuwirirana
Chii chinonzi Choir?
Kwaya iboka revaimbi vakaungana pamwechete kuti vaimbe mimhanzi, kazhinji muchechi. Vanogona kubva kumakwaya evakuru kusvika kumakwaya evechidiki, uye kunyange madiki.
Mienzaniso Yemakwaya
- Makwaya evakuru: Aya makwaya anoumbwa nevanhu vakuru vanoungana kuti vaimbe muminamato yechechi nemimwe mitambo.
- Makwaya emakereke: Aya makwaya anoshanda mumakereke uye ane nhengo dzemazera ese.
- Makwaya evechidiki: Aya makwaya anoumbwa nevaimbi vechidiki vanoungana vachiimba muminamato yechechi nemimwe mitambo.
- Junior choirs: Aya makwaya anoumbwa nevaimbi vechidiki vanoungana kuti vaimbe muminamato yechechi nemimwe mitambo.
Collocations uye Mienzaniso
- Mutungamiriri wekwaya: Pane mutungamiriri wekwaya anonyadzisa ari kuedza kutungamirira rwiyo.
- Nzvimbo yekwaya: Kune danga rekwaya iri kumabvazuva kwechechi.
- Boka rekwaya: Vaimbi vakaungana pamwe chete mumitambo yechechi kuti vaimbe uye vave nekanguva kega vachibatidza matarenda eTV.
- Kujoinha kwaya: Kujoinha kwaya inogona kuva nzira huru yekugutsa rudo rwako rwekuimba.
- Kwaya inodaidzwa kuti “quire”: Izwi rekuti “kwaya” rinobva paizwi rechiLatini rokuti “kwaya” rinobva muchiGiriki kuboka revaimbi nevatambi vanoshandisa korasi kuimba nokutamba.
- Kuda kuimba: Kana uchida kuimba, kujoina kwaya inogona kuva nzira yakanaka yekuratidza rudo rwako rwekuimba.
- Choir organ: Divisheni yenhengo yepombi ine mapaipi anokodzera kuperekedza kwaya.
- Vatambi vekwaya: Boka rakarongeka revatambi vekwaya.
- Mirairo yengirozi: Medieval angelology yakakamura mirairo yengirozi kuita mapoka mapfumbamwe.
- Paridza kwaya: Kuparidzira kwaya kutaura pfungwa kana kubvumirana.
Chii chinonzi Choir?
Kwaya mubatanidzwa wevaimbi vanouya pamwechete kuti vagadzire mimhanzi inoyevedza. Ringave riri boka rehunyanzvi kana boka reshamwari, kwaya inzira yakanaka yekuita mimhanzi pamwe chete.
Nhoroondo Yemakwaya
Makwaya anga aripo kubva kare, nemakwaya ekutanga anozivikanwa achiwanikwa muGreece yekare. Kubva ipapo, makwaya ave achishandiswa mumitambo yechitendero, maopera, uye kunyange nziyo dzepop.
Mhando dzeMakwaya
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakwaya, imwe neimwe ine ruzha rwayo. Heano mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira dzekwaya:
- Evensong: Rudzi rwechinyakare rwekwaya inoimba nziyo dzechitendero.
- Quire: Imhando yekwaya inoimba mumhanzi wecappella.
- York Minster: Rudzi rwekwaya inoimba mimhanzi inoera kubva kuAnglican Church.
- Kuratidza Makwaya: Rudzi rwekwaya inoimba munzvimbo yetheater.
Zvakanakira Kujoinha Kwaya
Kujoinha kwaya kunogona kuva nzira yakanaka yekuita shamwari, kudzidza mimhanzi mitsva, uye kutaura. Hezvino zvimwe zvakanakira kubatana nekwaya:
- Kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwako hwekutaura: Kuimba mukwaya kunogona kukubatsira kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwako hwekutaura uye kuvandudza nzira yako yekuimba.
- Ita shamwari itsva: Makwaya inzira yakanaka yekusangana nevanhu vatsva uye kuita shamwari.
- Zvitaurise: Kuimba mukwaya kunogona kuve nzira yakanaka yekuzviratidza uye kuongorora masitaira akasiyana emimhanzi.
Makwaya: Kuimba Mukuwirirana
Maumbirwo Ekwaya
Makwaya anowanzo kutungamirwa nemuperekedzi kana muimbi wekwaya uye anosanganisira zvikamu zvinoitirwa kuimba mukuwirirana. Pane muganhu kunhamba yezvikamu zvinobvira, zvichienderana nekuti vangani vaimbi varipo. Semuenzaniso, Thomas Tallis akanyora chinyorwa chine musoro unoti 'Spem in Alium' yemakwaya makumi mana nezvikamu zvisere. Krzysztof Penderecki's 'Stabat Mater' ine makwaya anosvika masere uye zvikamu gumi nematanhatu. Iyi inhamba yakajairika yezvikamu zvekwaya kuti aimbe.
Zvakatenderera
Makwaya anogona kuridza kana pasina kuperekedzwa nezviridzwa. Kuimba pasina kuperekedzwa kunonzi 'cappella'. Sangano reAmerican Choral Directors Association [1] rinorambidza kushandiswa kwekuperekedza mukufarira kuimba kwecappella kusina kuperekedzwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuimba muimba yekunamatira ine mimhanzi isina kuperekedzwa.
Nhasi, makwaya enyika anowanzoimba nezviridzwa zvinofambidzana, izvo zvinosiyana zvikuru. Chiridzwa chesarudzo kazhinji piyano kana kuti pombi organ, asi dzimwe nguva orchestra yevaimbi inoshandiswa. Kudzidzira nepiyano kana kuperekedza organ kwakasiyana neaya ane zviridzwa zvakasiyana zvakarongwa kuita. Makwaya ari kudzidzira mimhanzi isina anoperekedzwa anowanzo ridza munzvimbo dzakadai sechechi, imba yeopera, kana imba yechikoro.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, makwaya anobatana nekwaya yakawanda kuita konzati yakakosha kana kupa nhevedzano yenziyo kana mabasa emimhanzi kupemberera kana kupa varaidzo.
Hunyanzvi hweKuitisa: Kutungamira Vatambi kuMumhanzi Kukwana
Basa Romuitisi
Basa guru remuitisi nderekubatanidza vatambi, kuseta tempo, uye kuita gadziriro dzakajeka. Vanoshandisa zviratidzo zvinooneka nemaoko avo, maoko, chiso, uye musoro kutungamirira kuimba. Vaitisi vanogona kuva vaimbi vekwaya, vatungamiri venziyo, kana varevereri. Machoirmasters ane basa rekudzidzisa uye kudzidzira vaimbi, nepo vatungamiri vemimhanzi vane basa rekusarudza repertoire uye vanoita soloists uye vanoperekedza. Répétiteurs vane basa rekuridza nekuridza chiridzwa.
Kuita mumhando dzakasiyana
Kuita mumhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi kunoda nzira dzakasiyana:
- Art Music: Makondakita anowanzo mira pachikuva chakasimudzwa uye anoshandisa baton. Baton inopa conductor kuoneka kukuru.
- Mumhanzi Wekwaya: Vaimbi vekwaya vanosarudza kuitisa nemaoko avo kuti vataure zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana vachishanda nechikwata chidiki.
- Classical Mimhanzi: Munguva dzekare dzenhoroondo yemumhanzi wekare, kutungamirira ensemble kazhinji kwaireva kuridza chiridzwa. Izvi zvaive zvakajairika mumhanzi webaroque kubva kuma1600 kusvika kuma1750s. Muma2010, makondukita anotungamira ensemble pasina kuridza chiridzwa.
- Musical Theatre: Makondakita ari mugomba orchestra vanowanzo taurirana vasingataure panguva yemutambo.
- Jazz neMabhendi Makuru: Vaitisi vari mumhando idzi vanogona kupa mirairo inombotaurwa panguva yekudzidzira.
Muitisi Wehunyanzvi Chiono
Muitisi anoita semutungamiri wekwaya, uye vanosarudza mabasa anofanira kuitwa. Vanodzidza zvibodzwa uye vanogadzirisa zvimwe, senge tempo uye kudzokorora kwezvikamu, uye vanopa vocal solos. Basa remuitisi nderekuita dudziro yemimhanzi uye kuendesa chiratidzo chavo kuvaimbi. Vaimbi vekwaya vanoitisawo nziyo dzezviridzwa uye ochestra kana kwaya ichiimba chidimbu neokestra. Vanoitawo zvinhu zvesangano, zvakadai sokuronga kudzidzira uye kuronga mwaka wemakonzati, uye vanganzwa maauditions uye kusimudzira kuungana munhau.
Mimhanzi Inoyera: A Historical Perspective
Sung Repertoire
Kubva munziyo dzekare kusvika kuimba dzemazuva ano, nziyo dzinoyera dzave dziri chikamu cheminamato yekunamata kwemazana emakore. Asi ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemimhanzi yechitendero neyenyika? Uye zvose zvakatanga sei? Ngatitarisei!
- Mimhanzi yechitendero inowanzonyorerwa chinangwa chechitendero, nepo mimhanzi yenyika inowanzoitwa mumakonti.
- Mavambo emimhanzi yechitendero ari mubasa rawo mukati memamiriro ekunamata.
- Mimhanzi inoyera yave iripo kwemazana emakore, uye ichiri chikamu chikuru cheminamato yekunamata nhasi.
Simba reMumhanzi
Nziyo dzine simba rokutiita kuti tifambe nenzira iyo mashoko ega asingagoni. Inogona kumutsa manzwiro, kutiunza pamwe chete, uye kutibatsira kuti tibatane nechimwe chinhu chikuru kupfuura isu. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvisingashamisi kuti mimhanzi yechitendero yave iripo kwenguva yakareba.
- Mimhanzi ine yakasarudzika kugona kuunza vanhu pamwechete uye kuvabatsira kuti vabatane nechimwe chinhu chikuru.
- Mimhanzi yechitendero yave iripo kwemazana emakore, uye ichiri chikamu chakakosha cheminamato yekunamata nhasi.
- Nziyo dzinogona kunyandura mirangariro ine simba ndokutibetsera kutaura kutenda kwedu nenzira ine revo.
Mufaro weLiturgical Music
Kutungamirira Ungano
Kumachechi, ibasa redu kutungamira kuimba uye kuita kuti ungano ibatanidzwe. Tine nziyo, mumhanzi wesevhisi, uye makwaya echechi anoimba nziyo, kusanganisira zvinhu, nhanganyaya, zvishoma nezvishoma, chirairo antifoni, nezvimwe. Tine chimwe chinhu chemwaka wega wega wegore redzidziso.
Mukuru wemakereke
Makereke eAnglican neRoman Catholic ndidzo nzvimbo dzakajairika dzaunowana iyi mhando yekuita. Tine nziyo uye motets dzenguva dzakatarwa dzesevhisi.
Mufaro weMimhanzi
Hatingazvirambe, kuimba muchechi mufaro! Hezvino zvaungatarisira:
- Kuve chikamu chenzanga yevaimbi
- Kunzwa simba remimhanzi
- Kubatana naMwari
- Kusangana nekunaka kwe liturgy
- Kupemberera gore redzidziso
- Kunakidzwa nenziyo uye motets.
Mhando Dzakasiyana Emakwaya
Main Classifications
Makwaya anouya mumhando nehukuru hwakasiyana, uye mhando yenziyo dzavanoimba inogona kukanganisa ruzha rwavo zvakanyanya. Heino runyoro rwemhando dzinowanzozivikanwa dzekwaya, mukudzika kudzika kwekuwanda:
- Nyanzvi: Makwaya aya anoumbwa nevaimbi vakanyatsodzidziswa uye anowanzo kuwanikwa mumaguta makuru.
- Advanced Amateur: Aya makwaya anoumbwa nevaimbi vane ruzivo vanofarira hunyanzvi hwavo.
- Semi-Professional: Makwaya aya anoumbwa nevaimbi vanopihwa mari pakuita kwavo, asi kwete zvakanyanya semakwaya ehunyanzvi.
- Adult Mixed Choir: Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kutonga mhando yekwaya, kazhinji inosanganisira soprano, alto, tenor, uye bass manzwi (akapfupikiswa SATB).
- Male Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevarume vanoimba vari pasi pemanzwi eSATB.
- Female Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevakadzi vanoimba mumhando yepamusoro yekuridza kweSATB.
- Mixed Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevose varume nevakadzi vanoimba mukunzwika kweSATB.
- Boys Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inowanzo umbwa nevakomana vanoimba vari kumusoro kweSATB voicing, inozivikanwawo sematrebles.
- Single Male Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevarume vanoimba muSATB voicing.
- SATB Voicing: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya yakakamurwa kuita kwaya dzisina kuzvimiririra, uye dzimwe nguva inzwi rebaritone rinowedzerwa (semuenzaniso STBAR).
- Sung Higher: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nemabhesi anoimba ari pamusoro, uye anowanzo kuwanikwa mumakwaya madiki ane varume vashoma.
- SAB: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nenzwi re soprano, alto, uye baritone, uye rinowanzowanikwa mugadziriro dzinobvumira varume kugoverana basa re tenor nebass.
- ATBB: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nemanzwi epamusoro anoimba muFalsetto alto range, uye inowanzoonekwa mubarbershop quartets.
- Mimhanzi yeVakomana Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya rinowanzo umbwa nevakomana vanoimba muSSA kana SSAA vachiridza, kusanganisira cambiata (tenor) vakomana nevarume vechidiki vane manzwi ari kuchinja.
- Baritone Boys: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevarume vechidiki vane manzwi achinja, uye kazhinji inowanikwa mumakwaya evakadzi.
- Women's Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevakadzi vakuru vanoimba munzvimbo yepamusoro yeSSAA voicing, ine zvikamu zvakadimburirwa seSSA kana SSA.
- Vana Mixed Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nemanzwi echirume neechikadzi, kazhinji muSA kana SSA vachiridza.
- Girls Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevasikana vanoimba mumhando yepamusoro yeSSA kana SSAA vachiridza.
- Women's Mixed Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevose vakadzi nevana vanoimba muSSAA voicing.
- Makwaya eVasikana: Makwaya aya anowanzova neunyanzvi kupfuura makwaya evakomana vane manzwi ari pamusoro kana makwaya echirume ane manzwi ari pasi.
- Makwaya eSATB: Makwaya aya akaiswa muzvikamu zvichienderana nerudzi rwenzvimbo inoashandisa, senge kwaya yechikoro (semuenzaniso Lambrook School Choir kubva kuma1960s).
- Makwaya eChechi: Makwaya aya, anosanganisira makwaya ekereke nemakwaya kana kantoreis, akazvipira kuita mimhanzi inoera yechiKristu.
- Collegiate/University Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevadzidzi vanobva kuyunivhesiti kana koreji.
- Community Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevana nevakuru.
- Professional Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya yakazvimiririra (semuAnúna) kana inotsigirwa nehurumende (semu BBC Singers), uye inowanzoitwa nevaimbi vakanyatsodzidziswa.
- National Chamber Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevaimbi vanobva kune imwe nyika, seCanadian Chamber Choir kana Swedish Radio Choir.
- Nederlands Kamerkoor: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevaimbi vanobva kuNetherlands.
- Latvian Radio Choir: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevaimbi vanobva kuLatvia.
- School Choirs: Aya makwaya anoumbwa nevadzidzi vanobva kune chimwe chikoro.
- Kusaina Kwaya: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nezvose zviri zviviri kusaina nekuimba manzwi, uye inotungamirirwa neanosaina (mutungamiriri wemimhanzi).
- Cambiata Choirs: Rudzi urwu rwekwaya inoumbwa nevakomana vachiri kuyaruka vane manzwi ari kuchinja.
Makwaya anogona zvakare kuiswa muchikamu nemhando yemimhanzi yaanoita, senge Bach choirs, barbershop mimhanzi mapoka, evhangeri choir, uye makwaya anoridza mimhanzi. Symphonic choirs uye vocal jazz choirs zvakare anozivikanwa.
Kukurudzira Vaimbi Vechirume Muzvikoro
British Cathedral Choirs
Vana vakanyoreswa muzvikoro vanowanzova chikamu chekwaya yecathedral. Chikamu ichi chakanyanya kubatsira kuwedzera vaimbi vechirume kukwaya. Muna April weUnited States, zvikoro zvepakati nepamusoro zvinowanzopa makirasi ekwaya sechiito chevadzidzi. Makwaya anopinda mumakwikwi emarudzi ese, zvichiita kuti kwaya ive chiitiko chakakurumbira muzvikoro zvepamusoro.
Middle and High School Choirs
Inguva yakakosha kuvadzidzi, sezvo manzwi avo ari kuchinja. Vasikana vanoona shanduko yezwi, asi kune vakomana zvakanyanya kuoma. Pane zvakawanda zvemabhuku uye dzidziso yemimhanzi yakanangana nekushandurwa kwezwi remurume uye maitiro ekushanda nayo kubatsira vaimbi vechirume vachiri kuyaruka.
Munyika, Vadzidzi Vechirume Vakanyoreswa MuKwaya Zvishoma
Munyika yose, kune vadzidzi vechirume vashoma vakanyoresa mumakwaya pane vechikadzi. Nzvimbo yedzidzo yemimhanzi yakave nekufarira kwenguva yakareba mukushaikwa kwevarume muzvirongwa zvemimhanzi. Pane fungidziro yekuti makwaya evakomana anogona kugadzirisa, asi pfungwa dzinosiyana zvakanyanya. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti vakomana vanonakidzwa nekwaya pakati uye kuchikoro chesekondari, asi haipindirani mumapurogiramu avo.
Kukurudzira Vaimbi Vechirume
Tsvagiridzo inofungidzira kuti chikonzero chinoita kuti vakomana vasatora chikamu mukwaya imhaka yekuti havakurudzirwe kuita. Zvikoro zvine makwaya echikadzi zvinobatsira kudzikamisa nyaya dzakasanganiswa dzinosangana nemakwaya, asi kutora vaimbi vechikadzi vakawedzera pane varume mukwaya kunotowedzera dambudziko. Kupa vakomana mukana wekuimba nevasikana ndicho chinhu chikuru. Vatsvagiri vakaona kuti kuve nemusangano wemusangano wakatsaurirwa kune vaimbi vechirume kunobatsira kusatya uye kugona kwavo kuimba.
Matanho Ekugadzirisa: Chii Chinoshanda Zvakanakisisa?
Makwaya neMaokestra
Kana zvasvika pakuronga kwaya nemaokestra pachikuva, kune zvikoro zvishoma zvepfungwa. Zvinenge zviri kuna conductor kuita sarudzo, asi kune mashoma maodha epasirese anowanzoshandiswa.
- Kune symphonic kwaya, manzwi epamusoro uye akaderera anowanzo kuiswa kuruboshwe nekurudyi, zvichiteerana, nemhando dzezwi dzinoenderana pakati.
- Kune yakajairika tambo marongero, mabhesi anowanzo kuiswa kuruboshwe uye sopranos kurudyi.
- Mune cappella kana piano-inoperekedzwa mamiriro ezvinhu, hazvishamisi kuona varume nevakadzi kondakita vachida kuisa manzwi akasanganiswa, nevaimbi vakaungana vaviri vaviri kana vatatu.
Zvakanakira nezvayakaipira
Vatsigiri venzira iyi vanoti zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti muimbi wega wega anzwe nekutsikisa mativi avo, sezvo zvinoda kusununguka kubva kune muimbi. Vanopikisa vanopikisa kuti nzira iyi inorasikirwa nekuparadzaniswa kwepakati pemitsara yezwi rega rega, iyo inokosha kune vateereri, sezvo inobvisa resonance yechikamu uye inoderedza vhoriyamu inoshanda yekorasi.
Multiple Choirs
Kana zviri zvemumhanzi unodaidzira kwaya mbiri kana dzakawanda, kazhinji dzine nhengo dzinodarika makumi mashanu, zvakakosha kuti upatsanure makwaya zvakanyanya, kunyanya pakuimba. Izvi zvainyanya kuitika muzana remakore rechi50, apo mimhanzi inoshanda muVenetian polychoral style yakaumbwa, nevaimbi vachinyatsotaura kuti makwaya aparadzaniswe. Benjamin Britten's War Requiem muenzaniso wakanaka wemunyori akashandisa kwaya dzakaparadzana kugadzira antiphonal mhedzisiro, nekwaya imwe ichipindura imwe muhurukuro yemimhanzi.
Spacing Matters
Pakuronga kwaya nenziyo pachikuva, tinofanira kufunga nezvokusiyana kwevaimbi. Zvidzidzo zvakaona kuti kuumbwa chaiko uye nzvimbo yevaimbi, zvese zviri padivi uye padhuze, zvinokanganisa manzwisisiro eruzha nevaimbi nevaongorori.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, kwaya inzira yakanaka yekunakidzwa nemimhanzi uye kuita shamwari. Kunyangwe ukajoinha kwaya yechechi, kwaya yechikoro, kana kwaya yenharaunda, unenge uine chokwadi chekuva nenguva yakanaka. Paunenge uchijoinha kwaya, yeuka kuuya nepepa rako remimhanzi, dzidzira nziyo dzako, uye unakirwe. Nemafungiro akanaka, unozokwanisa kugadzira mimhanzi yakanaka nevamwe vako vekwaya uye kuita ndangariro dzinoshamisa.
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
