Njira Yonse, yotchedwanso a foni, ndi nthawi yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri yopezeka mu nyimbo. Ndi ma semitones awiri, kapena theka-masitepe, yotakata ndipo ili ndi zolemba ziwiri za diatonic Kukula. Nthawi imeneyi imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo ndipo ndiyofunikira pakumvetsetsa ndikupanga nyimbo.
M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za Gawo Lonse ndi zinthu zake zonse zogwirizana.
Tanthauzo la Gawo Lonse
Sitepe lonse, yotchedwanso a 'chidziwitso chonse' or 'major second', ndi nthawi yanyimbo yopangidwa ndi manotsi awiri oyandikana omwe ali ma semitone awiri (aka theka la masitepe) padera. Ndiwo mtunda waukulu kwambiri womwe mungasunthire pa piyano ndi kiyi imodzi musanayambe kukanikiza kiyi ina kuti mupitirire mbali iliyonse.
Pankhani ya masikelo ochiritsira, pokwera, kagawo kakang'ono kameneka kamatanthawuza kusuntha kuchoka pa cholemba choyamba kupita ku dzina lachilembo chachiwiri pamlingo uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, a kukwera konse kuchokera ku F kungakhale G. Ikatsika imatanthawuza kusuntha kuchoka pa noti imodzi kupita ku inzake pansi pake motsatira zilembo mu sikelo - kuchoka ku C kupita ku B kungatengedwe ngati sitepe yotsika pansi. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimakhala ndi mayina a zilembo zofananira mosasamala kanthu kuti akukwera kapena kutsika mbali iti, koma zitha kukhala zosiyana malingana ndi kuyika mwangozi komanso kusuntha kwa chromatic malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nyimbo kapena masikelo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa nyimbo yomwe ikuimbidwa nthawi iliyonse. mphindi.
Pankhani ya notation, nthawi zambiri izi zimalembedwa ngati mwina madontho awiri atayima mbali ndi mbali or dontho limodzi lalikulu zomwe zimatengera mayina onse a zilembozo - amatanthauza chinthu chomwecho panyimbo ndipo amangosintha mwachidwi ngati kusavuta kuwerenga komanso/kapena zokonda zamalembedwe kuti ziwoneke bwino pamene zolemba zosindikizidwa zimafunsidwa panthawi yoyeserera nyimbo monga kubwereza ndi kubwereza, ndi zina zambiri…
Zomwe Zimatanthauza mu Chiphunzitso cha Nyimbo
Mu chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, ndi sitepe yonse ndi njira yoyezera mawu motsatizana. Nthawi zina amatchedwa a kamvekedwe kathunthu, ndipo kwenikweni ndi nthawi yanyimbo yofanana ndi ma semitones awiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi nthawi pakati pa zolemba ziwiri zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makiyi awiri pa kiyibodi kapena fretboard. Gawo lathunthu litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo ndi nyimbo, kapena kuzindikira momwe nyimbo zikuyendera komanso momwe zimakhalira.
Tiyeni tifufuze mozama pakumvetsetsa masitepe onse mu chiphunzitso cha nyimbo:
Nthawi Yonse
Mu chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, ndi sitepe yonse ndi nthawi yomwe kukula kwake ndi masitepe awiri (kapena semitones). Amatchulidwanso kuti a chachikulu second, chifukwa nthawiyi ikufanana ndi m'lifupi mwa sekondi pamlingo waukulu. Masitepe amtunduwu amatchedwa a genus atius: ili ndi makiyi awiri akuda pa piyano.
Gawo lonse ndi limodzi mwa magawo omwe amapezeka mu nyimbo za kumadzulo kwa harmonic. Popeza ndi yayikulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kagawo kakang'ono kotsatira, theka la sitepe (kapena mphindi yaying'ono), ndikofunikira kuigwiritsa ntchito kuti mupange nyimbo ndi nyimbo zovuta. Ndikofunikiranso kuti oimba azitha kuzindikira komanso kuyimba nthawiyi kuti athe kusuntha pakati pa masikelo ndi masikelo mwachangu komanso molondola. Zolemba zake zimachitika nthawi imodzi, ndiye mukamva zolemba ziwiri pamagawo osiyanasiyana zitha kutchedwa "mpata"Kapena"kuyembekezera".
Nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa malinga ndi ubale wanu wodalira pakati pa zolemba ziwiri zokhudzana ndi nyimbo; kutanthauza kuti pofotokoza nthawi yanyimbo monga gawo lonse mumaganizira ngati zolemba zonse zikumveka pamodzi kapena zolekanitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukusewera noti imodzi ndikutsatiridwa ndi cholembera china cholekanitsidwa ndi nthawi yomwe ikuyimira sitepe yonse ndiye kuti izi zitha kuonedwa ngati kukwera (Zowonjezera) Nthawi Zonse; kumene kusewera manotsi awiri nthawi imodzi ndikuwonjezera nthawi ndi sitepe imodzi kuchokera pa Pitch yawo yoyambirira kungatchulidwe ngati kukwera (Multiplicative) Njira Yonse (ie 5-7). Mofananamo onse Kutsika Masitepe Onse angachite chimodzimodzi koma ndi maubwenzi obwerera kumbuyo kuchokera kwa Onse Okwera, kuchotsa Gawo Limodzi Lathunthu m'malo mowonjezera Imodzi Yodzaza.
Mmene Amagwiritsidwira Ntchito Panyimbo
Mu chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, a sitepe yonse (toni yonse, kapena sekondi yayikulu) ndi nthawi yomwe pamakhala ma semitones awiri (kuthamanga pa gitala) pakati pa manotsi. Mwachitsanzo, poyimba gitala, kugunda kwa zingwe ziwiri zotsatizana kumawonedwa ngati gawo lonse. Zomwezo zikhoza kunenedwa kwa makiyi awiri akuda pa piyano - izi zimaonedwanso ngati sitepe yonse.
Masitepe onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana mu chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ndi zolemba. Kugwirizana kungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito intervals a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo masitepe theka ndi masitepe athunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, nyimbo zitha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makulidwe osiyanasiyana - monga kudumpha kwachisanu ndi chiwiri mu Jazz ndi Nyimbo Zachikale kapena mipata yaying'ono ya masitayilo a Pop/Retro.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina anali kupanga nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito mipata kuyambira theka la masitepe kufika pachisanu ndi chiwiri; izi zitha kupanga nyimbo zosangalatsa zomwe zimaphatikiza kusintha kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwakanthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma chords nthawi zambiri amadalira kwambiri mawu awo makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito kuyika kwa chachitatu (chachikulu kapena chaching'ono), chachisanu ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri yomangidwa kuchokera masitepe onse kapena theka-masitepe kuti apange mitundu yosangalatsa ya nyimbo za harmonic monga toni zoyenda kapena zoyimitsidwa zitha kufufuzidwa pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kokha theka-sitepe intervals pakati pa zolemba nthawi zonse; kupangitsa kumveka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pansi pa nyimboyo popanda kupatuka patali kwambiri ndi cholinga chachikulu cha mgwirizano mkati mwa zigawozo.
Pomvetsetsa momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuyenda mozungulira zida za kiyibodi pogwiritsa ntchito kokha theka-sitepe ndi sitepe yonse mayendedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzitsira monga mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono - kuwerengera zovuta m'mwamba / kutsika imodzi ndikusewera, zimakhala zosavuta kuti ophunzira ayambe kupanga zidutswa zosavuta zomwe zimatsatira mfundo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri kumvetsetsa momwe theka-sitepe/masitepe onse gwirizanani ndi masikelo/magawo apadera ophunzira akadziwa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe kuthekera kwawo pofufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumawonjezeka kwambiri!
Zitsanzo za Njira Zonse mu Nyimbo
Sitepe lonse, yemwenso amadziwika kuti "toni yonse,” ndi nthawi yanyimbo imene imalekanitsa ma semitone aŵiri (theka masitepe). Masitepe athunthu nthawi zambiri amakhala mbali yodziwika bwino ya nyimbo, chifukwa amatanthauza kusintha kwa kamvekedwe kake ka nyimbo. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zitsanzo za njira zonse mu nyimbo, kuti mumvetse bwino zomwe iwo ali komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zitsanzo mu Ma Scale Aakulu
Masitepe onse Ndi nyimbo zoyambira zomwe zimaphatikiza mawu awiri otsatizana, opitilira ndi ma toni awiri athunthu. Mukamamvetsera nyimbo, nthawi zambiri mumazizindikira zilembo zazikulu. Sikelo yayikulu imakhala ndi masitepe asanu ndi atatu, kupatula pakati pa noti yachitatu ndi yachinayi komanso pakati pa nambala yachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi yachisanu ndi chitatu - pamenepo, mupeza. theka la masitepe. Masitepe onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo monga nyimbo zachikale, jazz, ndi rock and roll.
Njira yosavuta yomvetsetsa masitepe onse ndikuyimba sikelo yayikulu pa piyano kapena gitala - kuyambira ndi noti iliyonse pamtundu wa C Major. Mwachitsanzo:
- chiyambi C (njira yonse ku D)
- D (njira yonse kupita ku E)
- E (njira yonse mpaka F)
- F (theka kupita ku G)
- G(njira yonse kupita ku A)
- A(stepto yonse B)
- B(theka kupita ku C).
Zotsatira zake zimadziwika kuti ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu - kuyesetsa kumveketsa mawu apamwamba muzolemba 8 zotsatizana. Lingaliro lomwelo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito masiginecha osiyanasiyana monga mamba ang'onoang'ono - ingokumbukirani kuti cholemba chachiwiri chilichonse chiyenera kupita mmwamba ndi kamvekedwe kathunthu kamodzi sitepe yonse!
Zitsanzo mu Ma Scaling Aang'ono
Mu nyimbo, a sitepe yonse (yemwenso amadziwika kuti a chachikulu second) amatanthauzidwa ngati kagawo kakang'ono ka ma toni awiri otsatizana. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyambira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo, kuphatikiza masikelo ang'onoang'ono. Zolemba pamlingo waung'ono zimalumikizana kupanga sitepe yonse pamene cholemba chimodzi chikukwera matani awiri pa sikelo m'malo mwa imodzi.
Kutsatizana kwa masitepe athunthu ndi theka la masitepe amtundu uliwonse wa sikelo yaying'ono kumatulutsa mawu ake apadera, koma masikelo onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masitepe athunthu ndi masitepe awiri mkati mwake. Kuti tifotokoze bwino mfundo imeneyi, nazi zitsanzo za masikelo ang'onoang'ono omwe amawonetsa momwe nthawiyi imawonekera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo:
- Natural Minor Scale: ABCDEFGA - Pamenepa, pali masitepe awiri otsatizana pamwamba pa A omwe amapanga sikelo yaying'ono yachilengedwe; kutsatira A mpaka B ndi D mpaka E.
- Harmonic Minor Scale: ABCDEFG#A - Sikelo yaying'ono ya harmonic imakhala ndi masitepe atatu otsatizana mu gawo limodzi; kuphimba F mpaka G # mwachindunji musanafikire kamvekedwe ka A komaliza.
- Melodic Minor Scale: AB-(C)-D-(E)-F-(G)-A - Mtundu uwu wa sikelo yaying'ono umangophatikizapo masitepe awiri athunthu a masitepe pakati pa poyambira ndi pomaliza; kuchoka ku B kufika ku C ndisanapitirire ku E ndiyeno G ndisanamalize ndi mawu ake akuti “nyumba” pa A. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tiyenera kudziŵika kuti pamene tikupita m’mwamba, matani a C ndi E amakwera ndi imodzi yokha. theka sitepe m'malo mwa kamvekedwe kathunthu pazolinga zanyimbo m'malo mwake.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, kumvetsa masitepe onse (kapena toni zonse) ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera chiphunzitso cha nyimbo. Masitepe athunthu amakuthandizani kuti mupange masinthidwe okulirapo komanso amatha kukuthandizani kuti mupange nyimbo zovuta kwambiri. Kudziwa zoyambira zamasitepe athunthu kungakuthandizeni kupeka bwino, kusewera, ndi kukonza nyimbo.
Chidule cha Njira Zonse mu Nyimbo
Sitepe lonse, yotchedwanso a chachikulu second, ndi imodzi mwa nthawi zofunika kwambiri za nyimbo zomwe mungaphunzire. Mu nyimbo zakumadzulo, nthawiyi imadziwika kuti semitone ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo ndi nyimbo. Gawo lonse litha kufotokozedwa ngati mtunda wapakati pa manotsi awiri pa kiyibodi ya piyano yomwe ili motalikirana masitepe awiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati muyika chala chanu pakati pa C ndiye kusunthira mmwamba makiyi ena awiri akuda mu phula, izo zikhoza kuonedwa ngati sitepe yonse.
Kufunika kwa sitepe yonseyo kwagona pakutha kwake kupanga kayendedwe ka ma harmonic pakati pa makiyi kapena ma chords osiyanasiyana. Nthawi imeneyi imakhala ndi ma tonal olemera ndipo imatulutsa ndime zolimba zanyimbo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Pamene pamodzi ndi intervals zina monga theka-masitepe ndi atatu, oimba amatha kupanga zolemba zapadera kapenanso nyimbo zonse pogwiritsa ntchito masikelo ndi zotengera zovuta.
Masitepe onse ndi ofunikiranso kumvetsetsa momwe angachitire kusintha imagwira ntchito munthanthi ya nyimbo - lingaliro lakuti cholembera chilichonse kapena choyimbira mu siginecha iliyonse chikhoza kusunthidwa sitepe imodzi yokwanira kapena kutsika popanda kusintha khalidwe lake lalikulu kapena phokoso. Kumvetsetsa momwe mungadziwire nthawiyi sikungokuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino chiphunzitso cha nyimbo koma kudzakuthandizani kuti mukhale osavuta mukamasewera ndi kulemba nyimbo.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
