Pamwamba Mafonifoni ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambulira mawu komanso kutulutsa mawu amoyo kuti azitha kumva mawu ozungulira, zocheperako komanso kuphatikiza kwa zida zonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula ng'oma kuti akwaniritse a chithunzi cha stereo za zida zonse za ng'oma, komanso nyimbo zojambulidwa kuti mupange zojambulira bwino za stereo za oimba athunthu kapena nyimbo kwaya.
Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone chomwe maikolofoni apamwamba ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Komanso, malangizo ena pa kusankha yoyenera kwa inu.
Kumvetsetsa Maikolofoni Pamwamba: Chitsogozo Chokwanira
Maikolofoni yam'mwamba ndi mtundu wa maikolofoni yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa zida kapena oimba kuti agwire phokoso patali. Ndi chida chofunikira chojambulira ndi kulimbikitsa mawu amoyo, makamaka kwa zida za ng'oma, kwaya, ndi oimba.
Ndi Maikolofoni Yamtundu Wanji Yomwe Muyenera Kusankha?
Posankha maikolofoni apamwamba, ndikofunikira kuganizira izi:
- Bajeti: Maikolofoni apamwamba amachokera ku zotsika mtengo mpaka zotsika mtengo zomwe zimadula masauzande a madola.
- Mtundu: Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma maikolofoni apamutu, kuphatikiza ma condenser ndi ma microphone amphamvu.
- Chipinda: Ganizirani kukula ndi mamvekedwe a chipinda chomwe mudzajambulira kapena kujambula.
- Chida: Maikolofoni ena apamwamba ndi oyenerera bwino zida zinazake.
- Kupanga Mafilimu Kapena Kumveka Kwamoyo: Maikolofoni akunja a makamera, ma drones, ndi makamera a DSLR ndi osiyana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa mawu amoyo.
Zitsanzo za Maikolofoni Apamwamba Opambana
Ena mwa maikolofoni apamwamba kwambiri omwe amapezeka pamsika ndi awa:
- Chithunzi cha Audio-Technica AT4053B
- Tsegulani KSM137/SL
- AKG Pro Audio C414 XLII
- Sennheiser e614
- Neumann KM 184
Kuyika Maikolofoni Pamwamba
Maikolofoni am'mwamba ndi gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa kojambulira ng'oma iliyonse. Kuyika kwa maikolofoniwa ndikofunikira kwambiri pakujambula mawu oyenera kuchokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana a zida za ng'oma. M'chigawo chino, tikambirana njira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika maikolofoni pamutu.
Kutalikirana ndi Kuyika
Kutalikira ndi kuyika kwa maikolofoni apamwamba kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kamvekedwe ka ng'oma. Nazi njira zina zomwe akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito:
- Spaced Pair: Maikolofoni awiri amayikidwa molingana ndi ng'oma ya msampha, kuyang'ana pansi molunjika pa zida.
- Ma Coincident Pair: Maikolofoni awiri oyikidwa moyandikana, opindika pa madigiri 90, ndikuyang'ana pansi molunjika ku zida.
- Njira Yojambulira: Maikolofoni awiri oyikidwa pamwamba pa zida, maikolofoni imodzi yokhazikika pang'oma ya msampha ndipo maikolofoni ina imayikidwa kumbuyo, pamwamba pa mutu wa woyimba.
- Njira ya Glyn Johns: Maikolofoni anayi oyikidwa mozungulira ng'oma, ndi mitu iwiri yoyikidwa pamwamba pa zinganga ndi maikolofoni awiri owonjezera omwe amayikidwa pafupi ndi pansi, olunjika pa msampha ndi ng'oma ya bass.
Zokonda Zaumwini ndi Njira
Kuyika kwa maikolofoni apamwamba nthawi zambiri kumatengera zomwe amakonda komanso mawu enieni omwe injiniya akuyesera kuti akwaniritse. Nazi njira zina zowonjezera zomwe mainjiniya angagwiritse ntchito:
- Kukoka kapena kukankhira maikolofoni kufupi kapena kutali ndi zida kuti musinthe kamvekedwe ka mawu.
- Kuwongolera maikolofoni kuzinthu zina za zida, monga msampha kapena ng'oma za tom.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni olunjika kuti mujambule chithunzi chokulirapo kapena chapakati kwambiri.
- Kuyimitsa maikolofoni m'magulu, monga makonzedwe a Decca Tree kapena orchestral setups, makamaka pamakanema amakanema.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mic Kwambiri
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zama maikolofoni apamwamba ndikujambula ng'oma. Zoyikidwa pamwamba pa zida za ng'oma, maikolofoni am'mwamba amajambula phokoso lonse la zidazo, zomwe zimapereka chithunzithunzi chokulirapo komanso cholondola cha mawuwo. Izi ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti chida chilichonse chili bwino pakusakaniza. Maikolofoni a Condenser ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yojambulira mtundu uwu, chifukwa amapereka ma frequency osiyanasiyana komanso mawu abwino kwambiri. Mitundu ina yotchuka yomwe muyenera kuganizira mukagula ma mics ojambulira ng'oma ndi Rode, Shure, ndi Audio-Technica.
Kujambulira Zida Zamafoni
Maikolofoni apamwamba amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pojambulira zida zamayimbidwe monga magitala, pianos, ndi zingwe. Zoyikidwa pamwamba pa chida, maikolofoni awa amalola kumveka kwachilengedwe komanso kokulirapo kwa mawu, kuwongolera mtundu wonse wa kujambula. Maikolofoni a Condenser ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yojambulira mtundu uwu, chifukwa amapereka ma frequency osiyanasiyana komanso kumveka kolondola kwa mawu. Zina zodziwika bwino zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukagula ma mics ojambulira zida zomvera ndi monga Rode, Shure, ndi Audio-Technica.
Live Sound Reinforcement
Maikolofoni apamwamba amathanso kutenga gawo lofunikira pakulimbitsa mawu amoyo. Atayikidwa pamwamba pa sitejiyo, amatha kujambula phokoso lonse la gulu kapena gulu, kupereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira komanso cholondola cha phokoso. Maikolofoni amphamvu nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwamtunduwu, chifukwa adapangidwa kuti azigwira mwamphamvu komanso kuti asamve phokoso losafunikira. Mitundu ina yotchuka yomwe muyenera kuiganizira mukagula ma mics apamwamba kuti muwonjezere mawu omveka ndi monga Shure, Audio-Technica, ndi Sennheiser.
Kuwonetsa Zithunzi
Maikolofoni apamwamba amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makanema kuti ajambule mawu apamwamba kwambiri pazokambirana ndi mawu ena. Zoyikidwa pamtengo wa boom kapena stand, zimatha kuyikidwa pamwamba pa ochita zisudzo kapena maphunziro kuti apereke chithunzi chomveka bwino cha mawuwo. Maikolofoni a Condenser nthawi zambiri ndi abwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwamtunduwu, chifukwa amapereka ma frequency osiyanasiyana komanso mawu abwino kwambiri. Mitundu ina yotchuka yomwe muyenera kuganizira mukagula ma mics apamwamba opanga makanema ndi Rode, Audio-Technica, ndi Sennheiser.
Kusankha Mic Yapamwamba Yoyenera
Posankha maikolofoni apamwamba, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa maikolofoni, kukula ndi bajeti ya maikolofoni, ndi zosowa zenizeni za ntchitoyo. Zina zofunika kuziyang'ana mukagula ma mics apamwamba ndi:
- Lonse pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana
- Kumveka kolondola kwa mawu
- Phokoso lochepa
- Zosintha zoyikapo
- Mtengo wotsika mtengo
Mitundu ina yotchuka yomwe muyenera kuganizira mukagula ma mics apamwamba ndi monga Rode, Shure, Audio-Technica, ndi Sennheiser. Ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wanu ndikuwerenga ndemanga za anthu ena kuti mupeze maikolofoni abwino kwambiri pazosowa zanu zenizeni.
Mitundu ya Maikolofoni Yapamwamba
Ma maikolofoni a Condenser amadziwika chifukwa cha chidwi chawo komanso kulondola kwake, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino chojambula mwatsatanetsatane komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zamayimbidwe. Amabwera m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo cardioid, omnidirectional, ndi chiwerengero chachisanu ndi chitatu. Ena mwa ma mics abwino kwambiri a condenser ojambulira pamutu ndi awa:
- Rode NT5: Ma mics otsika mtengo awa a ma condenser mics amayankha pafupipafupi komanso fyuluta yosinthika kwambiri kuti muchepetse phokoso losafunikira. Ndiabwino kwambiri pakuyimba ng'oma, ma guitar amps, ndi machitidwe a solo.
- Shure SM81: Makanema odziwika bwino awa a condenser amadziwika ndi tsatanetsatane wake komanso kumveka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chosankha zojambulira situdiyo ndi zisudzo. Imakhala ndi chojambula cha cardioid komanso chosinthira chotsika pang'ono kuti chimveke bwino.
- Audio-Technica AT4053B: Maikolofoni yosunthika iyi imakhala ndi makapisozi atatu osinthika (cardioid, omnidirectional, ndi hypercardioid) kuti alole mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ojambulira ndi zotsatira zakuyandikira. Ndikwabwino kujambula mawu, ng'oma, ndi zida zoyimbira molondola komanso mosavuta.
Ma Microphone Amphamvu
Ma maikolofoni amphamvu amadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso kukwanitsa kukwanitsa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pamasewero amoyo ndi ma ng'oma apamwamba. Ndiosavuta kumva ngati ma condenser mics, koma amatha kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwamawu popanda kusokoneza. Ena mwa maikolofoni abwino kwambiri ojambulira pamutu ndi awa:
- Shure SM57: Maiko owoneka bwino awa amadziwika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kulimba kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri pazida za oyimba aliyense. Ndibwino kulanda phokoso la gitala amps, ng'oma, ndi zida zina zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zodalirika.
- Sennheiser e604: Ma mic ophatikizika awa adapangidwa kuti azingoyang'ana pamwamba pa ng'oma, yokhala ndi ma clip-pamapangidwe omwe amalola kuyika mosavuta komanso mawonekedwe amtima omwe amalekanitsa phokoso la ng'oma ku zida zina. Zimapereka phindu lalikulu la ndalamazo ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisudzo ndi zojambula pa studio.
- AKG Pro Audio C636: Makanema apamwamba kwambiriwa amakhala ndi mapangidwe apadera omwe amalola kukana kwapadera komanso kuyankha pafupipafupi. Ndikwabwino kujambula ma nuances a mawu ndi zida zoyimbira ndi mawu omveka komanso omveka bwino.
Kusankha Maikolofoni Abwino Kwambiri pa Drum
Pankhani yosankha maikolofoni apamwamba kwambiri, muyenera kuganizira bajeti yanu ndi zosowa zanu. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya ma mics apamwamba omwe amapezeka pamsika, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso mapindu ake. Zina ndi zokwera mtengo kuposa zina, choncho m'pofunika kudziwa kuti mukufuna kuwononga ndalama zingati musanagule.
Mvetsetsani Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yama Microphones
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maikolofoni apamwamba: condenser ndi dynamic. Ma maikolofoni a Condenser amamva bwino kwambiri ndipo amapereka mawu achilengedwe, pomwe ma maikolofoni osunthika samva bwino komanso amatha kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwamawu. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa mitundu iwiri ya maikolofoni musanapange chisankho.
Ganizirani Mtundu ndi Ndemanga
Posankha cholankhulira chapamwamba cha ng'oma, ndikofunikira kuganizira mtundu wake ndikuwerenga ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito ena. Mitundu ina imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri pamsika, pamene ena angapereke mtengo wabwinopo pamtengo. Kuwerenga ndemanga kungakupatseni lingaliro labwino la momwe maikolofoni inayake imagwirira ntchito munthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Yang'anani Magwiridwe Abwino ndi Kumanga
Mukasankha maikolofoni ya ng'oma, mukufuna kuyang'ana yomwe imapereka magwiridwe antchito komanso zomangamanga. Maikolofoni yabwino iyenera kunyamula ma nuances onse a zida zomwe zikuseweredwa, ndipo ikhale ndi mawu osalala komanso achilengedwe. Kupanga maikolofoni kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kumangidwa kuti ikhale yokhazikika.
Sankhani Mtundu Woyenera wa Maikolofoni wa Mtundu ndi Mtundu Wanu
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo imafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maikolofoni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuimba nyimbo za rock, mungafune maikolofoni yomwe imakhala yaukali kwambiri komanso yokhoza kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa mawu apamwamba. Ngati mukusewera nyimbo za jazi kapena zachikale, mungafune maikolofoni osalowerera ndale komanso okhoza kujambula zobisika za zida zomwe zikuimbidwa.
Ganizirani za Phantom Power ndi XLR Connections
Maikolofoni ambiri apamwamba amafunikira mphamvu ya phantom kuti igwire ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti iyenera kulumikizidwa mu chosakaniza kapena chomvera chomwe chingapereke mphamvuyi. Ndikofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti chosakaniza chanu kapena mawonekedwe omvera ali ndi mphamvu ya phantom musanagule maikolofoni. Kuphatikiza apo, maikolofoni ambiri apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa XLR, choncho onetsetsani kuti chosakanizira chanu kapena mawonekedwe amawu ali ndi zolowetsa za XLR.
Osawopa Kuyesa Maikolofoni Osiyanasiyana
Pomaliza, musaope kuyesa maikolofoni osiyanasiyana kuti mupeze yomwe ingakuthandizireni bwino. Woyimba ng'oma iliyonse ndi zida za ng'oma ndizosiyana, kotero zomwe zimagwirira ntchito kwa munthu m'modzi sizingagwire ntchito kwa wina. Ndikofunika kupeza cholankhulira chomwe chimakwaniritsa zosowa zanu zenizeni ndikumveka bwino ndi zida zanu.
Kutsiliza
Chifukwa chake, muli nazo - zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za maikolofoni apamwamba.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kujambula ng'oma, kwaya, oimba, ngakhale magitala ndi piano. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mafilimu ndi makanema kuti ajambule mawu apamwamba kwambiri pazokambirana. Choncho, musachite mantha kukwera pamwamba!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
