Orville Gibson (1856-1918) lutha, wosonkhanitsa ndi kupanga zida zoimbira zomwe zinakhala maziko a zomwe masiku ano zimadziwika kuti Gibson Malingaliro a kampani Guitar Corporation
Mbadwa ya ku Chateaugay, New York, Orville anayamba ntchito yake poyesa njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira chingwe chachitsulo. magitala ndi mawu abwino.
Ndi kupambana kwake koyamba m'manja mwake, adakhazikitsa kampani yoti azipanga. Zida za Orville - kuphatikizapo mandolins - mwamsanga zinadziwika pakati pa oimba, makamaka oimba a dziko ndi bluegrass.
Analinso katswiri pakupanga ndi mawonekedwe pomwe adapanga zopanga zingapo kuphatikiza luso lake la X-bracing lomwe likadali lodziwika bwino pakumanga gitala masiku ano.
Chikoka cha Gibson pa dziko la nyimbo chikupitirirabe ngakhale lero; katundu wa kampani yake akadali kulemekezedwa kwambiri ndi ambiri. Magitala ake akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ena mwa mayina akuluakulu mu nyimbo zaka zonse kuphatikizapo Eric Clapton, Pete Townshend ndi Jimmy Page (kungotchula ochepa chabe). Kuphatikiza pa mawu awo apamwamba kwambiri, amadziwika ndi mapangidwe awo okongola omwe akhala chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha rock & roll pazaka zambiri. Nkhani ya American Dream kumbuyo kwa Gibson ndi chilimbikitso kwa anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kukhala a luthi padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chidwi chake komanso kudzipereka kwake pazaluso zizikhalabe chizindikiro cha kupambana mu mbiri ya nyimbo mpaka kalekale.
Moyo Wam'mbuyo ndi Maphunziro
Orville Gibson anabadwa mu 1856 ku Chateaugay, New York. Analeredwa ndi amayi ake ndi agogo ake, omwe anali oimba kwambiri. Ali mnyamata, Orville anakhudzidwa ndi ntchito za woyimba zeze Nicolo Paganini ndipo anayamba chidwi chopanga zida zoimbira. Ali wachinyamata, Orville anayamba kupanga mandolin ndi magitala m’sitolo yopangira matabwa imene ankagwirako ntchito. Zopanga zake zoyambirira zinali zopangidwa mwaluso ndipo zinali zoonekeratu poyerekezera ndi zida zina zapanthaŵiyo.
Zaka Zoyambirira za Orville
Orville H. Gibson anabadwa pa August 24, 1856 ku Chateaugay, New York. Ali wamng'ono kwambiri, adawonetsa luso lapadera pakupanga matabwa ndi kukonza zida. Anaphunzira kuimba zida zingapo zoimbira ali wachinyamata, kuphatikizapo violin ndi banjo. Komabe, cholinga chake chenicheni chinali kupanga zida zoimbira za zingwe zapadera zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri.
Ali ndi zaka 19, Orville adasamukira ku Kalamazoo, Michigan ndipo adatsegula shopu yake yokonza ndi kupanga zida. Sitoloyo inali yopambana kwambiri; makasitomala ankabwera kuchokera kutali kudzafuna chithandizo cha Orville ndi kugula zomwe adalenga. Anayambanso kupanga zida zoimbira zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha akatswiri oimba m'dera lonselo. Eni ake ambiri ogulitsa nyimbo omwe amagulitsa zoyimba izi adayamba kufuna kuyanjana naye kuti athe kukulitsa malonda a zida za Orville pomwe ali ndi ufulu wogawira. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri akuchita bizinesi yopambana, Orville adaganiza zotseka shopu yake yaying'ono mu 1897 kuti ayang'ane pakukulitsa bizinesi yake yopanga zida ndi mabwenzi awa pamakampani ogulitsa.
Maphunziro a Orville
Orville Gibson adabadwa pa Disembala 22, 1856 ku Chateaugay, New York kwa Elza ndi Cicero. Iye anali wachisanu ndi chiwiri mwa ana khumi. Atamaliza sukulu ya pulayimale ali ndi zaka 10, Orville anapita ku koleji ya zamalonda ku Watertown kuti akawonjezere maphunziro ake a pulayimale ndi luso lomwe akanafunikira kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Panthawiyi, adagwiranso ntchito zingapo m'mafakitale am'deralo komanso osoka ngati njira yopezera ndalama.
Ali ndi zaka 18, Orville adakonda kwambiri nyimbo chifukwa cha maphunziro odziphunzitsa okha ku harmonica ali mwana. Anazindikira mwamsanga kuti kuimba zida zoimbira kungakhale njira yabwino yowonjezerera ndalama zake ndipo motero anayamba kuphunzira kuimba gitala ndi mandolin pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku a malangizo omwe anaitanitsa mwapadera ku Chicago. Makalasi ake anaphatikizapo maphunziro a kuyitanira ndi zoimbira zingwe; soldering; kupanga mamba; kukhumudwa; njira zoyeretsera bwino; kupanga zida zoimbira monga magitala ndi mandolin; chiphunzitso cha nyimbo; kuwerenga zigoli za orchestra; masewero olimbitsa thupi pamanja pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwachangu pazingwe; mbiri ya gitala limodzi ndi mitu ina yokhudzana. Ngakhale kuti sanaphunzitsidwe kapena kuphunzitsidwa kusukulu m'madera am'deralo panthawiyo, Orville adatsata chidziwitsochi polowera m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zapaintaneti zomwe zinalipo monga ma encyclopedias, mabuku odziwa kupanga zida zoimbira komanso magazini omwe ankakhala pafupi ndi zida za zingwe pakati pa zina. zinthu. Izi zidathandizira kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwake ndikumukankhira ku ukulu ndipo pamapeto pake adapanga zomwe masiku ano zimadziwika bwino ndi onse masiku ano kulikonse m'mphindi zochepa - Kampani ya Gibson Guitar yomwe idasinthiratu nyimbo mpaka kalekale.
ntchito
Orville Gibson amadziwika bwino ngati luthier komanso woyambitsa kampani ya gitala, Gibson Guitar Corporation. Iye anali katswiri pa luso la kupanga gitala yemwe anasintha momwe magitala amapangidwira. Iye anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha magitala amakono amagetsi. Tiyeni tiwone ntchito ya Orville Gibson mwatsatanetsatane.
Ntchito Yoyambirira ya Orville
Orville Gibson anabadwa mu 1856 ku Chateaugay, New York. Anaphunzira matabwa kuchokera kwa abambo ake ndi abale ake, ndipo posakhalitsa anayamba kupanga zida kuchokera ku sitolo yamatabwa ya banja. Chifukwa chokonda nyimbo komanso zida zamtengo wapatali za ku Ulaya zomwe sizinapezeke kwa Achimereka ambiri panthawiyo, Orville anayamba kupanga zida zotsika mtengo zokhala ndi mapangidwe abwino a malo ogulitsa nyimbo.
Mu 1902, Orville adayambitsa Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co., Ltd kuti apange mandolins, banjos ndi zida zina za zingwe. Mu 1925, adagula chomera ku Kalamazoo, Michigan chomwe chidzakhala malo awo osatha. Orville adapanga gulu lochititsa chidwi la akatswiri odziwa kupanga zida zopangidwa mozungulira masomphenya ake a fakitale yomwe imatha kupanga zida zoimbira zamitundu yonse.
Kampaniyo idakhazikitsa zinthu zingapo zopambana pazaka zambiri kuphatikiza magitala a archtop, magitala a flattop ndi mandolin omwe adadziwika ndi oimba otchuka monga Bill Monroe ndi Chet Atkins omwe adayamba kudalira nyimbo zawo. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1950 Gibson adakhala m'modzi mwa odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi oimba magitala monga Les Paul olimbikitsa magulu a oimba magitala atsopano kudzera nyimbo za rock 'n roll zolimbikitsidwa ndi Gibsons originality & craftsmanship.
Kupanga kwa Orville kwa Archtop Guitar
Orville Gibson ndiye amene adapanga magitala oyamba a archtop, omwe adatulutsidwa mu 1902. Iye anali katswiri wodziwa kupanga gitala ndi siginecha yake. Magitala ake anali osiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu uliwonse wa gitala asanakhalepo ndipo anali ndi zinthu zomwe zinali zisanachitikepo.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa magitala a Gibson ndi magitala ena panthawiyo kunali kuti ankawonetsa nsonga zojambulidwa mokhotakhota kapena zokhotakhota, zomwe zimapangitsa gitala lokhala bwino komanso lowoneka bwino. Lingaliro la Orville Gibson linali patsogolo pa nthawi yake ndipo linasintha mapangidwe a magitala omvera mpaka kalekale.
Gitala ya archtop ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri masiku ano, ndikusinthidwa pakapita nthawi kuti igwirizane ndi zomwe osewera amakonda, monga ma cutaways amodzi kuti apeze ma frets apamwamba kapena ma pickup omwe amawonjezeredwa kuti amveke bwino. Yakhala imodzi mwazosankha zodziwika kwambiri pakati pa osewera a jazi amagetsi komanso osewera amtundu kapena blues slide chifukwa cha kumvera kwake kwa jazzy komanso kutsika kwake kozama. Kugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba kumatulutsa "chisangalalo" chodziwika bwino chikayimbidwa momveka bwino chomwe chimayenderana ndi mitundu yonse ya nyimbo kuchokera kumayiko ena kupita ku rock 'n' roll ndi chilichonse chapakati!
Cholowa
Orville Gibson anali katswiri yemwe adayambitsa chitukuko cha gitala la flat-top. Cholowa chake kwa woimba wamakono ndi makampani oimba nyimbo ndi aakulu. Ngakhale kuti anachokera ku moyo wonyozeka, Orville anali adaputala oyambirira a umisiri watsopano ndi zipangizo, ndipo anazigwiritsira ntchito kupanga zida zoimbira zomwe zasintha dziko la nyimbo. Tiyeni tiwonenso za cholowa cha Orville Gibson.
Impact pa Nyimbo
Orville Gibson amadziwika kuti ndi mpainiya komanso woyambitsa bizinesi ya gitala. Anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri oyambilira kupanga magitala omvera, olimbikitsa kalembedwe ndi luso kuposa kukongola. Zomwe adalenga zidadziwika chifukwa cha kumveka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake poyerekeza ndi zida zakale za m'zaka za zana la 19.
Chifukwa cha luso lake, zida za Gibson zinali zofunika kwambiri ku Ulaya konse, makamaka ku England. Magitala ake adakhala okondedwa kwambiri pakati pa oimba akale chifukwa cha mawu awo apadera komanso kapangidwe kake. Kuti akwaniritse zofuna zomwe zikukula, Gibson adatsegula sitolo yake ya nyimbo yotchedwa "Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg Co.," yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kupanga zida zapamwamba kuposa omwe amapikisana nawo.
Chothandizira chachikulu cha Gibson chinali kuyambitsa lingaliro laukadaulo lowongolera mapangidwe omwe alipo pamtengo wotsika osapereka ma tonal kapena mawu. Njira zoterezi zinaphatikizapo zikwangwani zala zala komanso njira zomangira zokwezeka, komanso njira zomangira bwino zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mpweya wochuluka mkati mwa gitala ukhale womveka bwino womwe umatha kupikisana ndi zida za zingwe monga violin kapena cellos panthawiyo.
Ntchito ya Gibson idasinthiratu momwe magitala amapangidwira masiku ano, zomwe zidapangitsa pafupifupi magitala onse amakono kukhala ndi njira yofananira yomanga kapena kapangidwe ka mizere kuyambira pomwe adayamba kuchita upainiya zaka 100 zapitazo. Zotsatira zake zikumvekabe lero ndi akatswiri ojambula otchuka ngati Bob Dylan akuimba imodzi mwa ma Gibsons ake oyambilira kuyambira 1958 - The J-45 Sunburst model - yomwe adagula $200 ku Gerde's Folk City store yomwe ili ku New York City mu 1961.
Zokhudza Makampani a Gitala
Cholowa cha Orville chikuwonekera mkati mwamakampani amakono a gitala. Kapangidwe kake katsopano, kuphatikiza ma archtop ndi magitala osemedwa pamwamba, adakhazikitsa mulingo watsopano wosewera gitala ndipo adathandizira kutanthauzira gitala lamakono lamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake upainiya kwa tonewoods, monga Maple kwa makosi, kunathandizira kukopa anthu ambiri opanga magitala omwe amamutsatira.
Mapangidwe a Orville Gibson sanangopanga momwe magitala amasiku ano amawonera zokongola koma nthawi zambiri amasintha sewero lonse. Anathandizira kupanga mapangidwe amasiku ano a "American" pophatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana Magitala achisipanishi ndi mawonekedwe ake a arched top zokongoletsa. Anasinthanso ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi khosi pothandiza mainjiniya kugwiritsa ntchito makina olondola pamalumikizidwe ovuta kuti awonetsetse kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
Zomwe Orville Gibson wakhala nazo pamakampani zimamveka ngakhale lero kudzera mwa opanga zazikulu ngati Gibson Guitars ndi ena opanga ma boutique omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kupanga zida zamtundu umodzi zopangidwa ndi manja ndi mapangidwe ake osayina. Oimba osawerengeka atenga magitala a Orville kuti apange mawu awo apadera; ndizosadabwitsa chifukwa chake amakhalabe chilimbikitso kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kukhala oimba ochita bwino kapena akumva kulumikizidwa ndi miyambo yakale yopangira magitala ndi umphumphu ndi khalidwe.
Kutsiliza
Orville Gibson anali munthu wotchuka kwambiri pa nkhani ya nyimbo. Chikhumbo chake ndi kudzipereka kwake pakupanga gitala kunatsegula nthawi yatsopano yopanga zida, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti apange gitala yamakono yamagetsi. Ngakhale kuti zopereka zake sizinawonekere mwamsanga, iye anachita mbali yaikulu m’kukhazikitsa maziko a oimba oimba amakono, monga Les Paul ndi ena. Chikoka cha Orville Gibson sichidafanso kudzera muzopanga zake zoyambirira zomwe zitha kuwonedwabe pazida zopangidwa ndi opanga ambiri odziwika lero. Ziribe kanthu momwe anthu amamuwonera iye kapena cholowa chake, Orville Gibson adzakumbukiridwa kwanthawizonse ngati m'modzi mwa akatswiri opanga nyimbo kwambiri m'mbiri.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
