Zithunzi chakhala chida chofunikira chopangira zida zoimbira masiku ano. Ma Model amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula momwe zida zimalumikizirana ndi malo awo komanso momwe amayankhira ku magawo osiyanasiyana a nyimbo.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoyeserera zenizeni za zida zoimbira komanso kupanga zida zatsopano zokhala ndi mawu abwino komanso mawonekedwe.
M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za modelling mwatsatanetsatane ndikukambirana za mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ndi zida zoimbira.
Tanthauzo Lachitsanzo
Kujambula ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zoimbira. Kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera kuti apange chitsanzo chenicheni cha chida chomwe chimajambula maonekedwe a chida chenichenicho, monga phokoso, kukula, mawonekedwe, zipangizo ndi njira yomanga.
Chitsanzochi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mawu enieni omwe amatengera mawonekedwe amtundu wojambulidwa.
Njira yowonetsera imayamba ndi kujambula deta kuchokera ku chida chakuthupi, monga chake Kuthamanga kwa mawu (SPLs) kapena zitsanzo za digito. Detayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chithunzi cha masamu kapena algorithmic cha machitidwe a chidacho. Kuyimilira kowoneka bwino kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyambira popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imatha kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa momwe mukufunira.
Chotsatira cha digito chotsatira chikhoza kukonzedwanso ndi zina zowonjezera, monga kusintha kwa voliyumu yodziwikiratu kapena kusintha kwakusintha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga zida zokhala ndi mawu ovuta komanso omveka bwino kuposa momwe zikanatha kutheka poyimba chida chimodzi chokha popanda kukonzanso chilichonse.
Ukadaulo wakutsanzira zakhala zotsogola kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zapangitsa oyimba kusintha zida zawo kuti azisewera mosiyanasiyana. Kupita patsogolo kotereku kwawonjezera kuthekera komanso kukwanitsa kwa zida zamakono zoimbira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza kuposa kale lonse kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chofufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo ndi masitayilo.
Chidule cha Modelling Technology
Ukadaulo wakutsanzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apakompyuta kutengera machitidwe ndi machitidwe enieni adziko lapansi, pazinthu monga kutengera mawu mu zida zoimbira.
M'nkhaniyi, kutsanzira kumatanthawuza kufufuza kosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwereza mwadongosolo zochitika zomveka zomwe zimachitika m'madera ozungulira. Zitsanzo zimapangidwa kudzera mumiyeso yosakanikirana, njira zosinthira ma siginolo a digito, ndi masamu a masamu. Cholinga chake ndikujambula bwino ndikusinthanso machitidwe a chilengedwe kapena chipangizo chomwe mwapatsidwa ndikupewa zinthu zakale komanso zida zochulukirachulukira.
Zida zoimbira zokhala ndi luso lazojambula zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma processor zomwe zimawalola kutengera kamvekedwe ka zida zachikhalidwe, komanso mapurosesa osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambulira. Kutengera kusinthika kwa makina opangira ma modeler, kutulutsa kamvekedwe ka digito kumatha kusiyanasiyana ndi injini zosavuta zosinthira magawo (monga Equalizer zoikamo) kumainjini ovuta oyerekeza omwe amatha kubwereza mawu aliwonse achilengedwe. Ma modelling amathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi ma analogi ozungulira pamawu ovuta kwambiri.
Mitundu Yachitsanzo
Zithunzi ndi njira yotengera ma acoustic kapena siginecha yamagetsi ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kupanga mawu ofanana. Ndi njira yotchuka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo, ndipo yakhala yotchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo, iliyonse ili ndi mapindu akeake. Gawoli lifotokoza za mtundu uliwonse wa zitsanzo ndikufotokozera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zoimbira:
Physical Modeling
Kujambula mwakuthupi ndi mtundu wa kaphatikizidwe ka mawu komwe kamagwiritsa ntchito digito ma sign processing (DSP) ndi ma aligorivimu kuti atsanzire machitidwe a zida zoimbira zamayimbidwe, zomveka komanso zotulukapo. Kupanga kwamawu kumatengera masamu a zida zopangira mawu ndi zida zozungulira ndipo ndizowoneka bwino. Nthawi zambiri ma algorithm awa samaphatikizapo zitsanzo kapena zida zakuthupi, m'malo mwake kachitidwe kameneka kamapanga mawonekedwe osamveka a chidacho ndi machitidwe azinthu.
Kujambula kwakuthupi kumatha kuchoka ku zitsanzo zosavuta monga single-oscillator synthesizers mpaka zovuta zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zakuthupi, minda yamayimbidwe kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Chofunikira pakupanga mawonekedwe akuthupi chagona pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zocheperako zoyeserera kutengera zochitika zovuta zomwe sizingakwaniritsidwe mosavuta ndi njira zachikhalidwe. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsanzo zakuthupi zimaphatikizapo Fourier Series Transformation (FST), mphamvu zopanda mzere, ma modal parameters a khalidwe la resonant, ndi ndondomeko zowonetsera nthawi yeniyeni kuti afotokoze modulation.
Pankhani ya zida zoimbira zida zoimbira, kutengera mawonekedwe akuthupi kumapereka mphamvu zophatikizira zomwe mwachizoloŵezi zimapezeka m'makongoletsedwe otengera zitsanzo koma zitha kuchepetsedwa poyerekezera ndi kutsanzira zida zosowa, zapadera kapena zakale chifukwa chosowa magawo enaake omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachitsanzo chokha. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kukupitilizabe kubweretsa zosintha monga zomveka zomveka bwino zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse kwa anzawo enieni padziko lapansi.
Digital Modelling
Digital modelling ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi makompyuta kuti ipange mawonekedwe a digito a zida zakuthupi. Kujambula kwa digito kumapanga zitsanzo zatsatanetsatane za zida zomwe zilipo kale, monga zida, ndipo zimapanga zofananira zenizeni ndi njira za digito kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo enieni. Zimaphatikizapo kupanga phokoso ndi maonekedwe a chipangizocho, kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapulogalamu kapena mapulogalamu a hardware.
Kujambula kwa digito kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga zida zatsopano zomwe kulibe kwenikweni. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms apulogalamu, opanga mawu amatha kupanga mawu ndi mitundu kuyambira pachiyambi. Kaphatikizidwe kameneka kamakonda kutchedwa "algorithmic synthesis" or "Physical modeling", ndipo amapezerapo mwayi pamakompyuta amakono kuti apange zitsanzo za zida zovuta.
Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga za digito, iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu ndi zofooka zake. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo njira zamayimbidwe kaphatikizidwe monga sampuli wavetable synthesis (zitsanzo) or FM (ma frequency modulation), njira zowonjezera zowonjezera monga zowonjezera granular synthesis (mawu oscillator owonjezera) or subtractive synthesis (kuchotsa ma harmonic overtones). Mtundu wina, sampuli granular, posachedwapa yakhala yotchuka popanga mawu atsopano a mawu, kuphatikiza tizidutswa tating'ono ta audio pamodzi kukhala zitsanzo zazikulu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazigamba za zida.
Ponseponse, kutengera ma digito ndi chida chofunikira popanga zida zomvekera bwino ndi zotulukapo kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zilipo komanso kuchokera kumagwero opangidwa ndi digito kuyambira poyambira. Zimaphatikiza njira zonse zachikhalidwe zopangira ma sigino ndi matekinoloje amakono apakompyuta kuti abweretse luso lodabwitsa kwa opanga zomveka zomwe sizinali zotheka m'mbuyomu ukadaulo uwu usanapangidwe.
Zophatikiza Zophatikiza
Ma hybrid modelling amaphatikiza njira zowonetsera thupi ndi zitsanzo kuti apange mawu olondola komanso omveka bwino. Zitsanzo zachikale zimatha kuvutikira kukonzanso zida zachilengedwe monga ng'oma ndi magitala koma ndi ma hybrid modelling, ukadaulo ulipo kuti uzitha kujambula zida zonse zenizeni.
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mawonekedwe amtundu wa phokoso lenileni lopangidwa ndi chida chokhala ndi a zitsanzo zojambulidwa kale kuchokera ku zochitika zenizeni kapena kujambula. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zozama, zowona zomveka zosangalatsa za sonic zazinthu zoyambira. Ma hybrid modelling ndiwothandiza kwambiri popanga zopangira zenizeni za digito, monga ma analogi enieni zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizimveka ngati zida zapamwamba zopangira zida.
Pophatikiza matekinoloje awiriwa, opanga amatha kuphatikizira zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pazopanga zawo zomwe zinali zovuta kapena zosatheka ma hybrid modelling asanakhalepo. Mitundu yosakanizidwa imapangitsa kuti opanga azitha kupanga mawu apadera pophatikiza zotengera zachilengedwe ndi zojambulira za zida zenizeni zamayimbidwe.
Mapulogalamu a Modelling
Zithunzi ndi mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza njira yopangira chithunzi cha digito cha chinthu chenicheni kapena dongosolo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga engineering, mapangidwe amasewera a kanema, ndi nyimbo. Mu nyimbo nkhani, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsanzira molondola zida, amplifiers, ndi zotsatira zomwe sizikupezeka digito.
Tiyeni tione zosiyanasiyana ntchito za kutengera zida zoimbira:
Zolumikiza
Synthesizer ndi zida za digito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndikuwongolera mawu. Ma Synthesizer amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yanyimbo, kuyambira nyimbo zomvera mpaka kuchita bwino. Zithunzi ndi mtundu waukadaulo wa kaphatikizidwe, womwe umalola pulogalamuyo 'kutsanzira' ma analogi kapena mafunde amawu mu mawonekedwe a digito. Izi zimapatsa oimba mwayi waukulu ndi kapangidwe kawo kakumveka komanso njira zosinthira. Ndi ma synthesizer amitundu, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza phokoso lopindika, sampuli ndi phokoso la granulated, ndi zina zambiri.
M'munda wa ma synthesizer pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu ya ma synthesizer: subtractive synthesis, kaphatikizidwe zowonjezera, kaphatikizidwe ka FM ndi sampuli-based synthesizer. Subtractive synthesizer imagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira za harmonic zomwe zimatha kupangidwa mosinthika ndi maulamuliro oyendetsedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito monga ma envulopu, zosefera za resonance etc. Chophatikizira chophatikizira chimatsata njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe mafunde osakhazikika amapangidwira ndikuwonjezera mafunde angapo a sine pama frequency, matalikidwe ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Kaphatikizidwe ka FM (Frequency Modulation) imagwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe oyambira a sinusoidal (ngakhale sizofanana ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zida zowonjezera) pomwe sinusoid imodzi kapena zingapo zimasinthira pafupipafupi komanso ma frequency onyamula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nyimbo zatsopano zomveka zopangidwa ndi mbali yatsopano. magulu. Ma synthesizer otengera zitsanzo amalola kuti mawu ojambulira asinthe komanso kuchotsedwa kwa Harmonic/Time domain yochokera zomwe zimathandizira kusintha nyimbo zojambulidwa kukhala zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga nyimbo.
Ma analogi opangira ma synthesizer zakhala zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa opanga nyimbo amasiku ano chifukwa cha luso lawo losiyanasiyana lamawu, kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndiukadaulo wamakono wamakompyuta komanso kutsika mtengo pogula zida zamtundu waanalogi kapena kuzisintha kudzera pa hardware ndikuzipanganso mwamakono. Kaphatikizidwe kudzera muzojambula zimapatsa opanga mwayi wochuluka wa ma sonic omwe amawalola kupanga ma toni osangalatsa osatha molondola kwambiri kuposa kale ukadaulo wamakono usanapangitse!
Magetsi Ogalimoto
Kutengera magitala gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wa ma modelling kupanga mawu ngati moyo. Mtundu woterewu umafuna kubwereza molondola phokoso la zida zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magitala amagetsi. Kujambula ndi njira yosinthira ma siginecha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito masamu apamwamba kuti apangenso ma audio a analogi.
Ndi magitala amagetsi, mitundu iyi imapangidwa ndikubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe amtundu wa gitala woyimba kapena wokamba. nduna. M'magitala amagetsi, mitundu imatha kuyambira kusangalatsa kwa ma chubu amphesa kapena ma amplifiers kuchokera kwa opanga ena, mpaka kuyerekezera kwa gitala lamayimbidwe kapena ma toni ofunikira ogwirizana monga omwe amapezeka mu zingwe khumi ndi ziwiri ndi magitala achitsulo.
Kuti ayambitse chitsanzocho, osewera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pedal yokhala ndi zowongolera zomwe zimawalola kusankha mawonekedwe ndi mawu omwe amatengera zida zina. Izi toni presets imatha kupereka mitundu yambiri yanyimbo - kuchokera pamawu ofunda ndi ofewa panjira yoyera mpaka pamawu a edgier pazokonda zopindula kwambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamamodeli kuphatikiza ndi ma pedals, mawonekedwe amplifier ndi mabokosi opotoka, osewera amatha kuphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana kukhala phokoso limodzi lodziwika bwino lomwe ndi lapadera kwa iwo - m'malo mokhala ndi zidutswa zingapo zomwe zimalumikizidwa pamodzi monga momwe zimakhalira masiku apitawo! Ma Modeling amalolanso kusintha mwachangu pakati pa zoikamo za tonal pamasewera amoyo omwe amapatsa osewera kusinthasintha kwambiri panthawi yakusintha kwanyimbo kapena popanga phokoso lachidutswa chilichonse chomwe amasewera. Mwachidule, modelling ali zasintha kusewera gitala lamagetsi lero!
Pianos a Digito
Ma piyano a digito ndi zida zamakono zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ndi ma modeling kuti zipereke phokoso lomveka bwino la piyano ndikusewera. Kupyolera mu matekinoloje apamwamba, opanga ma modelers amatha kutengera momwe amamvera a piano akale komanso akale, komanso kupanga timbre yatsopano.
Njira imodzi yotchuka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga piyano ya digito ndi chisokonezo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kujambula mayankho amphamvu a piano yamayimbidwe ndikuwaphatikiza nawo zojambulajambula kupanga mawu omveka bwino. Zitsanzo za izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito olankhula angapo (stereophonic phokoso) ndikuwonjezera zinthu monga kubwezeredwa ndi zotsatira za kwaya.
Njira ina yotchuka yopangira ma piyano a digito ndi kutsanzira thupi. Izi zimaphatikizanso zinthu zina monga kukanikizana kwa zingwe, kugundana kwa nyundo, kuchuluka kwa nyundo ndi kuyankha pafupipafupi kuti apange kamvekedwe komveka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ma piyano amagetsi amathanso kutsatiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito malaibulale achitsanzo omwe amalola kusintha kwakukulu komwe sikukupezeka pa chida choyimbira.
Ntchito zowonetsera zitha kupezekanso mu zida zina zamagetsi monga magitala, ng'oma kapena kiyibodi. Potenga gitala lamagetsi kapena phokoso la kiyibodi kuchokera ku mbiri yakale ya LP kapena magawo osiyanasiyana a situdiyo kungathandize kupatsa zida zamagetsi zomveka komanso mawonekedwe apadera omwe sangathe kupangidwanso ndi mawu omwe amamveka kunja kwa bokosi kuchokera kwa opanga masiku ano kapena opanga mapulogalamu. . Komanso, oimba akhoza kulemba ntchito mapulagini akutsanzira mawu pojambula mawu opangira nyimbo kuti mawu awo akhale "okulirapo" kuposa moyo wapa siteji yojambulira.
Ubwino Wojambula
Zithunzi ndi njira yotchuka ntchito zida zambiri zoimbira ndi digito Audio workstations kupereka owerenga mwayi zosiyanasiyana phokoso ndi kapangidwe. Ndi ma modelling, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga mawu enieni ndi mawonekedwe munthawi yeniyeni popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zachikhalidwe.
Tiyeni tiwone phindu lalikulu lachitsanzo ndi momwe zingathandizire opanga nyimbo:
Kulimbitsa Phokoso Labwino
Liti kuwonetsera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoimbira, cholinga chake ndikulenga zambiri mawu enieni, yomwe imatsanzira kwambiri phokoso la zida zenizeni. Kupyolera mu chitsanzo, zigawo zosiyanasiyana za chida zingathe kutsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa kuti zitheke kulondola kwambiri. Kumveka bwino kumeneku kumapereka njira yabwino yofufuzira ndikutulutsa mawu ovuta kuposa kale.
Tekinoloje yachitsanzo imagwira ntchito potengera mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi machitidwe a zida zamawu ndi magwero ena amawu. Ma algorithms ovuta a masamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu ya digito yomwe imapanga zosinthika mokhulupirika za mawu akuthupi monga gitala kapena zingwe za bass, ng'oma, zinganga ngakhale zida za orchestral. Zitsanzozi zimaphatikizidwa ndi makina omvera, kusintha ndi ma algorithms kuti apange chithunzithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha mawu omvera. Pamene luso la nyimbo likupitirirabe patsogolo, kupita patsogolo kwa chitsanzo kumalola kufufuza kwina ndi kuyesera ndi kupanga mawu.
Kusintha Kwakukulu
Zida zotsatiridwa zimapereka osewera zida kuti akwaniritse kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndi mawu awo ndi machitidwe awo. Pochotsa kufunikira kwa zida zakuthupi, zida zama digito zimatha kupanganso mawu amitundu ndi masitayilo osiyanasiyana mosavuta. Kuchuluka kwamaphokoso operekedwa ndi zida zofananira kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mulingo wokulirapo kudzoza ndi kulenga poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe.
Kuwonjezera pa kupereka mwayi womva mawu osiyanasiyana, luso lachitsanzo imalolanso kuti pakhale kulamulira kwakukulu kwa zinthu payokha m'mawu a chida. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukwanitsa kusintha magawo monga envelopu, kuukira, kuchirikiza, kumasula ndi zina, zomwe zimathandiza osewera kuumba phokoso iwo akufuna ndendende.
Zinthu zonsezi zimaphatikizana kupanga mwayi watsopano wosangalatsa wa oimba omwe akufuna kufufuza mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a sonic. Zida zotsatiridwa zimapereka mwayi wazithunzi zojambulidwa zomwe sizingatheke ndi zida zoimbira zamayimbidwe kapena zamagetsi zokha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake luso lachitsanzo wakhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nyimbo zamakono, kulola oimba kuti kukankha malire a sonic pamene akuyang'anira phokoso lapadera la chida chawo.
Kupulumutsa Mtengo
Tekinoloje yachitsanzo imatha kupulumutsa ndalama kwa oimba, opanga, ndi mainjiniya amawu. Chifukwa ukadaulo umatha kutsanzira zomveka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamakono komanso zamakono, palibe chifukwa chogula zida zamtengo wapatali kapena kuyika ndalama zojambulira zodula. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo waukadaulo umalola akatswiri kutsanzira molondola zida zingapo nthawi imodzi ndikusungabe mawonekedwe azizindikiro. Zotsatira zake, manja ochepa amafunikira panthawi yojambulira kapena nyimbo zomwe zimabweretsa kupulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama.
Kuphatikiza apo, popeza mainjiniya amawu amatha kupanga mosavuta zojambulira zopanda cholakwika ndikusakanikirana ndi ukadaulo wamakina chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kosintha bwino magawo opangira ma siginecha monga. kuwononga, kusunga ndi kuwononga nthawi Mwanjira yodzichitira yokha, ndalama zowonjezera zobweza zimachepetsedwa.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito luso lachitsanzo mu zida zoimbira angapereke Guitarists ndi oimba ena amphamvu zomveka mphamvu zimene poyamba zinali zosatheka. Ndi kuthekera kwake kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida, kuwongolera kusewera kwamphamvu, komanso zosinthika zama digito, ukadaulo wofananira umapereka njira zomveka komanso zapamwamba zamawu kwa opanga nyimbo.
Ukadaulo wa ma modeling umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zambiri zamakono kupanga ma toni apamwamba kwambiri omwe amajambula kukhulupirika kofunikira pa kujambula kwaukatswiri komanso kuchita bwino. Zimapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kuposa kale kuti osewera azisintha mawu awo ndikuzipanga zawo. Izi zachititsa kuti a nyengo yatsopano yakusewera gitala momveka bwino zomwe zimalola luso la oimba gitala kuti liwonekere.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
