Luthiers ndi amisiri aluso amene amagwira ntchito ndi matabwa polenga zoimbira za zingwe monga magitala, violin, ndi ma cello. Amagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi njira zosiyanasiyana popanga matabwa ndikusonkhanitsa chidacho. Ntchito ya luthier si kupanga zida zokha, komanso kukonza ndi makonda omwe alipo.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zomwe luthier amachita ndi zosiyana mitundu ya zida amagwira ntchito pa:
Tanthauzo la Luthier
A luthier ndi mmisiri waluso kapena mmisiri amene amamanga ndi kukonza zoimbira za zingwe, makamaka za m'banja la violin. Mawu akuti "luthier" adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ku France kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma malonda akhalapo kuyambira Renaissance.
Panthawi imeneyi m’pamene amisiri anayamba kupanga zida zopangidwa mwamakonda kwa zida zopangidwa mochuluka zamtundu wocheperako.
Kapangidwe ka lutherie kumaphatikizapo kugawanitsa chida, kuyesa zigawo zake ndi momwe zilili, kuchimanga ndi zipangizo zoyenera ndi zida, kuwonjezera vanishi ndikuchikonza bwino kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino. Zimafunika kudziwa:
- momwe mungapangire maonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana
- momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matabwa
- momwe mungasindikize bwino kuti muteteze ku kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe
- momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zingwe pa chida
Komanso, luthier amafunikanso kutero ikani zida izi molondola kotero amatha kuseweredwa pamawu awo abwino kwambiri.
Kodi a Luthiers amachita chiyani?
A luthier ndi mmisiri amene amamanga ndi kukonza zingwe zida monga magitala, violin ndi ma cello. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala amisiri, amafunikanso kumvetsetsa physics ndi makina a zidazi kuti athe kusintha ndi kukonza.
Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zomwe luthiers amachita ndi chifukwa chake zili choncho ntchito yofunika:
Kukonza ndi kukonza
Luthiers kukonza ndi kukonza zida za zingwe monga violin, magitala ndi banjo. Amawonetsetsa kuti zida izi ndizotheka kusewera komanso kulowa zabwino pamene amagulitsidwa kwa makasitomala awo. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha zingwe kapena kukonza zida, komanso kukonza zida zilizonse zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka.
Kuti agwire ntchitoyi molondola, ma luthier ayenera kukhala ndi luso lapamwamba komanso luso logwira ntchito ndi matabwa ndi zipangizo zina zoimbira zingwe. Ayeneranso kukhala odziwa momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zopangira zingwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
Ma luthier ena amagwira ntchito yokonza zida zakale ngati violin kuchokera kwa ambuye aku Italy akale. Ma luthiers awa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi malo osungira nyimbo kuti azindikire zidutswa zakale kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Zambiri mwa zidazi zimagulitsidwa ndi madola masauzande ambiri padziko lonse lapansi zikabwezeretsedwa ndi katswiri waluso.
Kuphatikiza pa kukonza ndi kukonza violin, ma luthier ena amapereka ntchito monga:
- Maphunziro a gitala
- Kubwereketsa zida
- Kupanga mwamakonda kapena kusinthidwa kwa zida zomwe zilipo kale
- Zopangira mwamakonda zimagwira ntchito kwa iwo omwe akufunafuna china chapadera kuchokera kwa wopanga zida zawo.
Kumanga ndi Kusintha Mwamakonda Zida
Luthiers ndi amisiri amene amagwira ntchito yomanga ndi kumanga zoimbira za zingwe, kaŵirikaŵiri magitala, violin, ndi banjo. Ntchitoyi imafunika luso komanso luso logwira ntchito ndi matabwa ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chidacho. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupanga ndi kupanga osati thupi la chida chokha komanso khosi ndi mutu wake. Luthiers ayeneranso kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha zida zopangira matabwa monga macheka mphamvu, planers, routers, kubowola osindikizira, zomatira, clamps, etc., komanso zida zing'onozing'ono monga mafayilo ndi tchipisi.
The crafting ndondomeko kumaphatikizapo makonda zida malinga ndi cholinga chawo kapena phokoso khalidwe ndi kusintha kapena kusintha ma frets kapena milatho; kukonza matabwa; kapena kupanga masinthidwe amakina monga kuwonjezera zithunzi kapena zowongolera mamvekedwe kukweza mawu abwino. A luthier amathanso kupanga makina opangira zida zakale kuti azitha kubwereza mawuwo. Kuphatikiza pa ntchitozi, ma luthiers nthawi zambiri amakonza zida pokonza zoyambira monga kuyeretsa fretboards kapena kusintha zingwe ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kukhazikitsa Zida
A luthier ndi wamisiri amene amagwira ntchito ndi zida za zingwe monga magitala, violin, cellos, dulcimers, mandolins ndi zida zina zabanja limodzi. Zambiri mwa izi ndi zida zomangika zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zida ndi zida monga matabwa ndi chitsulo. Luthier ayenera kukhala ndi maluso osiyanasiyana kuti athe kusamalira bwino ndi kukonza zida izi.
Imodzi mwa ntchito za luthier ndikukhazikitsa kapena kupanga chidacho kuyambira pachiyambi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa zinthu zonse zofunika monga milatho, zikhomo zokonzera, zingwe ndi ma pickups kutchula zochepa. Luthiers adzakhala odziwa mu kumaliza zosiyanasiyana monga varnish kapena nitrocellulose lacquer zomwe zimathandiza kupanga phokoso lapamwamba. Amadziwanso njira zopangira matabwa monga kuphatikizira ndi kuwongolera malinga ndi zomwe wopanga amakonda.
The luthier ayenera kuyang'ana ndi kusintha chida katchulidwe - kuonetsetsa kuti zolemba zonse pazingwe zosiyana zakhazikitsidwa molondola molingana ndi phula ndi kuyankha kwa harmonic - kuti athe kutulutsa phokoso losangalatsa pamene akusewera. Kusintha kwa khosi ndi nsonga ina yofunikira yomwe ingaphatikizepo kusintha kwa mpumulo kapena kusintha kwa ndodo kuti muzitha kusewera bwino zomwe zimathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti mawu omveka bwino amamveka bwino pamtundu uliwonse pa chingwe chilichonse pautali wake ikaseweredwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa chosankha chosankha chosinthira. (kwa magitala amagetsi).
Pamapeto pake, cholinga chanthawi yayitali ndikuti zida za chida chilichonse zigwire ntchito mogwirizana kuti oimba amitundu yonse kuyambira magulu osachita masewera mpaka akatswiri oimba azitha kusangalala ndi nyimbo. kumvetsera kosangalatsa kuchokera ku!
Mitundu ya Zida
Luthiers amagwira ntchito yomanga ndi kukonza zida za zingwe monga magitala, violin, ndi ma cello. Pankhani ya zida zoimbira zingwe, pali mitundu ndi masitayelo osiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo za mitundu ya zida zikuphatikizapo acoustic, classical, ndi magitala amagetsi. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso mawonekedwe a tonal, kotero ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe chida chilichonse chingachite.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zomwe luthiers amagwiritsa ntchito:
Zida Zingwe
Luthiers amakhazikika mu banja la zida za zingwe - ukatswiri wawo umakhudza chilichonse kuyambira kupanga, kukonza ndi kubwezeretsanso zida mpaka zovuta zopanga mawu. Kaya mukukonzekera sitar kapena ukulele watsopano, luthier wanu amadziwa zinthu zawo. Nayi chidule cha zida za zingwe zomwe atha kukhala nazo:
- Guitara - Kukonza gitala, kukhazikitsa ndi kumanga kuli pamtima pa ntchito zambiri za luthi. Kuyambira kukonza zazing'ono mpaka zomangira zida zomangira kuyambira pachiwonetsero, amatha kuthana nazo zonse. Magitala amabwera m'mitundu yambiri, makulidwe ndi kapangidwe kake koma pali mitundu inayi yayikulu yomwe muyenera kudziwa: magitala acoustic, classical kapena Spanish style; magitala amagetsi; magitala a archtop; ndi magitala a resonator.
- Mabasiketi - Monganso ndi kukonza gitala ndi kukhazikitsa, luthier yanu imagwiranso ntchito kuyika bass. Ndikofunikira kuti zingwe za bass zizimvekanso bwino! Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mabasi - mabasi amagetsi ndi mabasi awiri - onetsetsani kuti mwabweretsa chida chanu ndi zolemba zake zolondola mukachipeza ndi luthier.
- Banjo - Ma banjo amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga mabanjo otsegula kumbuyo, banjo yazingwe zisanu, ma plectrum banjo ndi ma tenor banjo omwe ndi abwino kwambiri pamitundu yachikhalidwe yachikhalidwe monga nyimbo za bluegrass kapena nyimbo zakale za Appalachian fiddle. Ngati chida chamtundu wotere chikufunika kukonzedwa kapena mukufuna kupanga chopangidwa mwachizolowezi onetsetsani kuti luthier wanu ali ndi luso logwira ntchito yamtunduwu chifukwa pali zambiri kuposa zingwe zomwe zimakhudzidwa!
- Mandolin - Mandolin amabwera mumitundu iwiri ikuluikulu - kalembedwe ka F (yomwe imawoneka ngati 'F' ikawonedwa kuchokera pamwamba) kapena bowo lozungulira (lomwe lili ndi mabowo asanu ndi atatu). Onsewa ali ndi matupi a X omwe amadzipangitsa kuti aziseweredwa ndi njira zotolera zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magitala koma mandolins amafuna zingwe zocheperako kuti zigwirizane ndi utali wawo waufupi zomwe ndi chinthu chomwe luthier wodziwa bwino amatha kuchigwira bwino! Ndipo ngati mukufuna kuti mbali za mandolin zisinthidwe m'malo ngati zikhomo zamutu kapena mlatho, musayang'ane kutali ndi luthier kwanuko pazosowa zilizonse zothandizira.
Zida Zamphepo
Zida zamphepo ndi gulu la zida zomwe zimafuna wosewera mpira phulitsa mwa iwo kuti mupange mawu. Ngakhale kuti zida zina zamphepo zimatha kukulitsidwa, sizifuna magetsi kapena zida zamagetsi kuti zipange mawu. Zida zamphepo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi machubu a utali ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi zolumikizira mpweya zomwe zimafunikira kuwongoleredwa ndi wosewera kuti mawu amveke. Zambiri mwa zidazi zimagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, mphepo zamkuntho, ndi mabango/mafupa.
Zida zodziwika bwino zamphepo zimaphatikizapo:
- Banja lamkuwa (lipenga, trombone, tuba);
- Woodwind banja (chitoliro, clarinet, oboe); ndi
- Banja la Reed (saxophone).
Zida za mkuwa zimapanga phokoso lalikulu pamene mphepo zamatabwa zimakhala zofewa kwambiri ndi timbre "zamatabwa" zofanana ndi zoimbira za zingwe. Mabanja a Reed amagwiritsa ntchito bango limodzi kapena awiri kunjenjemera pamene mpweya ukuwombedwa kudzera mwa iwo kupanga ma toni apadera okhudzana ndi nyimbo za jazi.
The lutha ndi katswiri wodziwa zambiri kapena wamisiri yemwe amagwira ntchito yomanga kapena kukonza zida zamphepo monga mabelu, makiyi/mavavu, ndi zoyankhulirana kuti zitha kuseweredwa bwino komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mawu amamveka bwino potengera mawu. Ma Luthiers amathanso kukhala ndi luso lofunikira kukonza ziboliboli zomwe zilipo kale kapena ming'alu ya ziwaya za zida zamphepo komanso kupanga ziboliboli ndi ma stand. Popeza pali zigawo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhudzidwa pomanga chidutswa chilichonse ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndikudzipereka pomanga gawo lililonse la chida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri lomwe limatenga zaka zambiri kuti lipeze!
Zida Zoimbira
Zida zoimbira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawu osiyanasiyana a nyimbo kumenya, kugwedeza kapena kukanda. Iwo akhoza kukhala mwina kusinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa ndi mitundu yawo ya malankhulidwe amapangidwa mwa njira zitatu; kugwedeza, kukhudzana ndi kukangana. Zida zoyimba zomwe zimadziwika bwino kuti ndi msana wa gulu loyimba, zimapereka maziko ofunikira kuti nyimbo ndi nyimbo zigwirizane.
Zida zoimbira zomwe zidasinthidwa zimaphatikizapo ng'oma monga timpani, conga, ng'oma zosiyanasiyana monga ng'oma zoguba za misampha, ma bongo ndi ma tom-tom akulu-amanja. Izi zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo zitsulo, matabwa, pulasitiki yolimba kapena ceramic. Nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuyitanitsidwa ndi luthier isanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti imveke bwino m'malo oimbira nyimbo zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zida zoyimba zosasinthidwa zimabwera mosiyanasiyana monga matabwa, maseche ndi mphete za ratchet: Izi zimapanga kamvekedwe kawo kotsimikizika potengera kutalika kapena kukula kwa chinthu chomwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mowongolera ndi chowulutsira.
Kuchuluka komwe kumatulutsa mawu kumatengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga (chipolopolo) ndi kukankhana kwake (mutu). Kuvutana kwamutu kumasinthidwa ndi kiyi ya ng'oma pomwe zipolopolo zimamangidwa ndi matabwa ngati. mapulo kapena birch kutengera zomwe mukufuna monga voliyumu ndi timbre mmenemo. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ng'oma zina zimakhala ndi zida zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe kake zomwe zimalola kuti matani owonjezera apangidwe akakanthidwa mozungulira mbali zina zake - makamaka makamaka. mphepo kapena ng'ombe wokwezedwa ku Ma Drum a Surdo zopezeka m'mitundu yanyimbo zaku Latin.
Pogwira ntchito limodzi ndi ma luthier odziwa zambiri, nyimbo zoyimbidwa zimatha kupangidwa mwanzeru pazifukwa zilizonse zomwe zingapangitse kuti oimba amasewera omwe akufuna kuti awoneke bwino pa siteji kapena akatswiri ojambulira omwe akufunafuna mawu omveka bwino chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zopanga zomwe zimathandizira kutulutsa bwinoko kuyambira pakubwereza kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama. kuwongolera kuchokera pamilingo yolondola kwambiri yomwe imaperekedwa kudzera muntchito za luthiary zomwe zikupezeka padziko lonse lapansi lero!
Zida ndi Zida Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito
Luthiers, kapena opanga magitala, amapanga zida kuyambira pachiyambi, kukonza ndi kukonzanso zida zomwe zilipo kale, ndikusintha zida zomwe zilipo kale. Kuti agwire ntchito yawo, luthiers amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zida ndi zipangizo.
Common zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi luthiers ndi macheka, mafayilo, kubowola ndi screwdrivers, ndi sanders. Zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi luthiers ndi monga matabwa, zomangira ndi zomangira, zomatira zomatira, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoyikapo zokongoletsera monga. mayi wa ngale kapena abalone.
Tiyeni tifufuze mozama zida ndi zida izi:
Zida Zamatabwa
Luthiers ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri cha zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira matabwa kuti apange zida zokhala ndi mawu omveka komanso mawonekedwe. Kutengera mtundu wa chida chomwe mukupanga, kusankha nkhuni ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kukhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana monga kachulukidwe ndi kulemera kwake.
Kukonzekera kumanga ndi kugwira ntchito ndi matabwa omwe alipo, luthiers ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo kuphatikizapo macheka, mafayilo, nyundo, tchiseli, kubowola ndi ma routers. Zida izi zimawalola kumeta zinthu zochulukirapo, kupanga zidutswa m'mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa ndikuphatikiza magawo mwatsatanetsatane. Kuphatikiza apo, ma luthiers ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndege zamanja ndi lathes kukonzanso mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndikupanga magawo omwe amathandiza opanga kupanga malingaliro awo kukhala amoyo.
Pomaliza, pali zida zina zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga kuphatikiza:
- ulimbo kulumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga matabwa kapena zikopa za nyama.
- Varnish kwa osindikiza malo.
- Zikhomo kapena posts kulumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
- Zingwe kapena mawaya kwa kupanga mawu ogwedezeka.
- Sankhani alonda zomwe zimateteza nsonga zapamwamba kuti zisavale.
- Mafuta osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo kuti apititse patsogolo mapangidwe ambewu kapena kamvekedwe ka mawu.
- Kutuluka zomwe zimapereka mfundo zotulutsa kukanikiza pokanikizira zingwe kwinaku mukusunga mipata yomwe mukufuna pakati pa manotsi.
Zida zonsezi ndi zida zimapanga njira yapadera yomwe imalola ma luthiers kutumiza zomwe amalizidwa kudziko lapansi!
Zida Zopangira zitsulo
Luthiers gwiritsani ntchito zida zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga zitsulo kupanga ndi kukonza zida za zingwe. Zida zopangira zitsulo zimaphatikizapo macheka osiyanasiyana omwe amadula zitsulo, kuphatikizapo zomangira ndi zitsulo; kubowola makina obowola m'mabowo akuya kwina molondola; opera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popera zitsulo popanga chida; ndi Mawotchi a MIG zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza mbali zachitsulo pamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, makina monga shears, makina osindikizira mabuleki ndi makina osindikizira amathandizira ma luthiers pinda, kudula ndi mawonekedwe zida zachitsulo.
Ma sanders amphamvu, mawilo opukutira ndi ma dremel ndi zida zonse zofunika pakupanga zojambulajambula mu frets kapena mbale yakumbuyo ya chida. Zida zina zofunika ndizo:
- Mabokosi azida kusunga zinthu mosamala komanso mosavuta.
- Otsatsa kuyeza zigawo molondola.
- matewera kuteteza zovala panthawi ya ntchito.
- Malingaliro pogwira ntchito yokonza zida ndi manja awiri opanda manja.
- Nyali zokulitsa kuti mufufuze mwatsatanetsatane za workpiece.
Specialty Tools
Zida zapadera zimafunikira nthawi zambiri popanga ndi kupanga magitala achizolowezi. Zida zambiri zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi luthiers zimakhala ndi mapangidwe apadera omwe amawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pochita ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono a gitala kapena bass.
- Ndege za pointer - Ndegezi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha ndodo, komanso kuchotsa zingwe zamatabwa m'chiuno cha magitala omvera komanso magitala amagetsi opanda pake.
- Mafayilo a korona -mafayilowa adapangidwa kuti azipanga ndikusema zishalo za gitala. Zimabwera mosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku gouge yaying'ono mpaka yayikulu katatu, zomwe zimapatsa luthier kusinthasintha pogwira ntchito ndi zida zinazake.
- Rasps - Mafayilo odulira zitsulo osavuta awa amalola kuti ma luthiers apange matabwa mwachangu, magawo opangidwa ndi laminated ndi ma fretboards apulasitiki mwatsatanetsatane.
- Zida za Dremel - Zida zozungulira monga Dremel ndizofunika kwambiri chifukwa zimakwanira bwino m'malo olimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga mawonekedwe apadera ndikuchepetsa nthawi yowonjezera mchenga.
- Odula zitsulo za Strummingi - Amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula mipata mu ndodo za truss kuti athe kusinthidwa molondola pakhosi la gitala.
- Mapeto a scalers - Chida chomwe chiyenera kukhala nacho chodulira zida zomangira kuchokera m'thupi kapena khosi pomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi bowo lamawu pa chida choyimbira.
Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro
Kukhala luthier kapena wopanga zingwe si ntchito yaing’ono. Pamafunika maphunziro ochuluka, chidziwitso ndi zochitika kuti apambane. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zoyambira za matabwa, zitsulo ndikumvetsetsa kwamakina ndi ma acoustics pakumanga zida.
M'chigawo chino, tikambirana za maphunziro ndi maphunziro wofunika kukhala wanzeru.
Maphunziro
Kuphunzira ndi luthier yokhazikitsidwa ndi njira yabwino yopezera chidziwitso chofunikira kuti mukhale wopambana komanso wodalirika. Mapulogalamu ophunzirira amasiyana utali ndi kalembedwe koma nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza kupatsidwa ntchito zothandizidwa ndi mlangizi wanu, maulendo opita kukawona ntchito za mmisiri wamkulu, ndikutsagana ndi mlangizi wanu pokonza zida zosiyanasiyana ndi kupanga mapangidwe. Kuphunzitsidwa ntchito kungaperekenso mwayi wopeza zida, zida, ndi zolumikizirana zomwe zingakhale zovuta kapena zosatheka kuzipeza.
Pogwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi katswiri wodziwa zambiri, mutha kuphunzira njira ndi luso lofunikira pakubwezeretsa zida komanso kumanga zatsopano. Muphunzira momwe mungasankhire zida zabwino ndikuziumba mwaluso kukhala zida zoimbira zogwira ntchito. Mupezanso chidziwitso chofunikira panjira zosiyanasiyana zopanga zomwe zikukhudzidwa kulota zojambula zoyambirira, kukhazikitsa mapulani, kuthetsa mavuto aukadaulo, kumvetsetsa zosowa za makasitomala ndi zomwe akufuna, kukwaniritsa masiku omalizira, ndi zina zofunika kwambiri pantchito.
Maphunziro Okhazikika
Kukhala luthier si njira yayifupi. Pamafunika kuleza mtima, kutsimikiza mtima, ndi kulimbikira. Maluthi ambiri amapeza luso lawo kudzera m'masukulu a zamalonda, kapena pophunzira ntchito ndi katswiri wina.
Anthu omwe akufuna kukhala ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amafunikira kukhala ndi maphunziro apadera azaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zoperekedwa ndi masukulu apadera aukadaulo komanso mapulogalamu apamwamba opangira zida zoimbira omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza luso laukadaulo wamagetsi, ma guitar acoustic ndi bass komanso mandolin ndi violin. Maphunziro apaderawa nthawi zambiri amadziwitsa ophunzira mbiri ya zida zoimbira zingwe, kuwaphunzitsa luso la ukadaulo, njira zokonzera komanso physics ya mafunde amawu.
Kupatula luso loyambira monga kuchekera, kusema, kusenga mchenga ndi kulumikiza zidutswa pamodzi ndi guluu kapena zomangira, ophunzira angafunikirenso kupanga zida zawozawo monga zomangira, pulawo ndi macheka. Akamaliza maphunziro awo pasanathe zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu atha yambani kukonza zida za zingwe mwaukadaulo. Pofuna kukonza zovuta kwambiri ma luthiers ena amayenera kugwirizana ndi magulu okonza akatswiri pa ntchito zokonzanso zida zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukonzanso makosi kapena matupi a magitala komanso kupanga kusintha kwamagetsi pa magitala amagetsi ndi mapeto apadera a magitala ndi zida zamatabwa.
Kuti mukhale odziwa zambiri za zida zomangira zatsopano kapena matekinoloje ambiri akale a luthiers amatenga maphunziro apamwamba kuti akonzenso maluso awo pazomwe akufuna pamsika. Maphunziro opitilirawa amawathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti akukonza bwino popanda kusokoneza zida zoyambirira za zida zakale.
Certifications
Pankhani ya luthiery, palibe gulu limodzi lokhazikika la ziphaso zomwe zimatsimikizira luso pantchito iyi. Anthu ambiri ochita bwino ku luthi aphunzira luso lawo pophunzira ntchito ndi anthu odziwa ntchito zaluso kapena pochita maphunziro awo okha. Koma ziphaso zimapezeka kudzera m'mabungwe ndi mabungwe ena amaphunziro, zomwe zimapereka dongosolo lokhazikika kuti apeze chidziwitso ndi luso lofunikira.
Zosankha za satifiketi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mapulogalamu a Satifiketi ku Luthiery amaphunzitsidwa m'sukulu zosankhidwa zaukadaulo ndi zamalonda. Mapulogalamuwa amapereka chidziwitso chozama pamalingaliro ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga magitala apamwamba kwambiri, kuyang'ana kwambiri magitala amagetsi kapena acoustic.
- Chitsimikizo cha Othandizira Ovomerezeka, yoperekedwa ndi American Institute of Guitar Building mutapambana mayeso angapo omwe akuwonetsa luso lapadera, kuphatikizapo njira zomangira ndi njira zokonzera zida zoyimbira ndi zamagetsi.
- Zovomerezeka za Luthier zoperekedwa ndi Certainteed Guild of Guitarsmiths (CGG). Chidziwitsochi chimaperekedwa mukamaliza pulogalamu yovuta yomwe idapangidwa kuti iyese chidziwitso chaukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zida za zingwe monga magitala.
Kwa ofuna luthiers omwe alibe maphunziro apamwamba, kupititsa patsogolo akatswiri kudzera m'masemina, zokambirana, misonkhano ndi mwayi wina wamaphunziro kungawathandize kukhala odziwa zatsopano m'munda mwawo komanso kuphunzira zambiri za zida ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
