Kodi audio ya digito ndi chiyani? Ndi funso ambiri aife tadzifunsapo nthawi ina, ndipo si yankho losavuta.
Digital audio ndi chiwonetsero cha mawu mumtundu wa digito. Ndi njira yosungira, kuwongolera, ndi kutumiza ma siginecha amawu mumtundu wa digito osati wa analogi. Ndikupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wamawu.
M’nkhaniyi, ndifotokoza kuti mawu omvera a digito n’chiyani, mmene amasiyanirana ndi mawu a analogi, ndi mmene amasinthidwira m’njira yojambulira, kusunga, ndi kumvetsera mawu.
mwachidule
Kodi Digital Audio ndi chiyani?
Mawu a digito amatanthauza kuyimira kwa mawu mumtundu wa digito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mafunde amawu amasinthidwa kukhala manambala angapo omwe amatha kusungidwa, kusinthidwa, ndikufalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito umisiri wa digito.
Kodi Digital Audio imapangidwa bwanji?
Nyimbo za digito zimapangidwa potengera zitsanzo zanzeru zamawu a analogi pafupipafupi. Zitsanzozi zimayimiridwa ngati mndandanda wa manambala, omwe amatha kusungidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a digito.
Kodi Ubwino wa Digital Audio ndi chiyani?
Kupezeka kwa matekinoloje amakono kwachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kujambula ndi kugawa nyimbo. Izi zapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa ojambula odziyimira pawokha kugawana nyimbo zawo ndi dziko lapansi. Makaseti omvera a digito amatha kugawidwa ndikugulitsidwa ngati mafayilo, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa makope akuthupi monga marekodi kapena makaseti. Consumer amalandira ntchito zodziwika bwino zotsatsira ngati Apple Music kapena Spotify zimapereka mwayi wofikira kwakanthawi koyimilira mamiliyoni a nyimbo.
Kusintha kwa Audio Audio: Mbiri Yachidule
Kuchokera ku Mechanical Waves kupita ku Digital Signature
- Mbiri yamawu a digito imatha kuyambika m'zaka za zana la 19 pomwe zida zamakina monga malata ndi masilinda a sera zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula ndikuseweranso mawu.
- Masilindalawa anali olembedwa bwino ndi ma grooves omwe anasonkhanitsa ndikusintha kusintha kwa mpweya mu mawonekedwe a mafunde opangidwa ndi makina.
- Kubwera kwa magalamafoni ndipo pambuyo pake, matepi a makaseti, kunatheketsa omvetsera kusangalala ndi nyimbo popanda kupita ku ziwonetsero zamoyo.
- Komabe, ubwino wa zojambulirazi unali wochepa ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri mawuwo anali kupotozedwa kapena kutayika m’kupita kwa nthaŵi.
Kuyesa kwa BBC ndi Kubadwa kwa Digital Audio
- M'zaka za m'ma 1960, BBC inayamba kuyesa njira yatsopano yotumizira mauthenga yomwe imagwirizanitsa malo ake owulutsira kumadera akutali.
- Izi zinafunika kupanga chipangizo chatsopano chomwe chimatha kutulutsa mawu m'njira yosavuta komanso yabwino.
- Yankho lake lidapezeka pakukhazikitsa ma audio a digito, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito manambala ang'onoang'ono kuyimira kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pakapita nthawi.
- Izi zinathandiza kusungidwa kosatha kwa chikhalidwe choyambirira cha phokoso, chomwe poyamba sichinkapezeka, makamaka pamiyeso yochepa.
- Makina omvera a digito a BBC adatengera kusanthula kwa mawonekedwe a mafunde, omwe adayesedwa pamlingo wanthawi chikwi pa sekondi imodzi ndikupatsidwa nambala yapadera ya binary.
- Kujambula kwa phokosoli kunathandiza katswiri kukonzanso phokoso loyambirira popanga chipangizo chomwe chimatha kuwerenga ndi kutanthauzira kachidindo ka binary.
Kupititsa patsogolo ndi Zatsopano mu Digital Audio
- Kutulutsidwa kwa chojambulira cha digito chopezeka pamalonda m'zaka za m'ma 1980 chidawonetsa gawo lalikulu kwambiri pazamasewera a digito.
- Chosinthira cha analogi kupita ku digitochi chimasunga mawu mumtundu wa digito omwe amatha kusungidwa ndikusinthidwa pamakompyuta.
- Mtundu wa tepi wa VHS pambuyo pake udapitilira izi, ndipo nyimbo zama digito zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nyimbo, makanema, ndi kanema wawayilesi.
- Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kosalekeza komanso kusinthika kosalekeza kwa ma audio a digito kwapangitsa kuti pakhale mafunde apadera aukadaulo wamawu ndi njira zosungira.
- Masiku ano, ma siginecha amawu a digito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ndi kusanthula zomveka m'njira yomwe kale inali yosatheka, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kusangalala ndi mawu omveka bwino omwe kale anali zosatheka kukwaniritsa.
Digital Audio Technologies
Kujambula ndi Kusungirako Technologies
Ukadaulo wamawu wapa digito wasintha momwe timajambulira ndi kusunga zomvera. Ena mwa matekinoloje otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- Kujambulira kwa hard disk: Zomvera zimajambulidwa ndikusungidwa pa hard drive, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha ndikuwongolera mafayilo amawu.
- Digital audio tepi (DAT): Mtundu wojambulira wa digito womwe umagwiritsa ntchito tepi yamaginito kusunga zomvera.
- CD, DVD, ndi Blu-ray zimbale: Izi kuwala zimbale akhoza kusunga wambirimbiri digito Audio deta ndipo ambiri ntchito nyimbo ndi mavidiyo kugawa.
- Minidisc: Kapangidwe kakang'ono, kakang'ono ka disk komwe kanali kotchuka m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000.
- Super Audio CD (SACD): Mtundu wamawu wapamwamba kwambiri womwe umagwiritsa ntchito chimbale chapadera ndi chosewerera kuti akwaniritse mawu abwino kuposa ma CD wamba.
Playback Technologies
Mafayilo amawu a digito amatha kuseweredwanso pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
- Makompyuta: Mafayilo omvera a digito amatha kuseweredwanso pamakompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapa media player.
- Zosewerera zamawu pakompyuta: Zida zonyamula ngati ma iPods ndi mafoni am'manja zimatha kusewera mafayilo amawu a digito.
- Workstationdigital audio workstations: Mapulogalamu omvera aukadaulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula, kusintha, ndi kusakaniza ma audio a digito.
- Osewera ma CD okhazikika: Osewerawa amatha kusewera ma CD omvera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa digito.
Broadcasting ndi Radio Technologies
Ukadaulo wamawu wapa digito wakhudzanso kwambiri pawayilesi ndi wailesi. Ena mwa matekinoloje otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- HD Wailesi: Tekinoloje yapawayilesi ya digito yomwe imalola kumveka kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso zina zowonjezera monga nyimbo ndi zidziwitso za akatswiri.
- Mondiale: Mulingo woulutsira pawayilesi wa digito womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe ndi madera ena padziko lapansi.
- Kuwulutsa pawayilesi pakompyuta: Mawayilesi ambiri tsopano akuwulutsa mumtundu wa digito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawu abwinoko komanso zina zowonjezera monga nyimbo ndi luso la akatswiri.
Mawonekedwe Omvera ndi Ubwino
Mafayilo amawu a digito amatha kusungidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
- MP3: Mtundu wamawu wothinikizidwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogawa nyimbo.
- WAV: Mtundu wamawu wosakanizidwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamawu omvera.
- FLAC: Mtundu wamawu wopanda kutaya womwe umapereka mawu apamwamba kwambiri osataya kukula kwa fayilo.
Ubwino wa audio ya digito umayesedwa ndi kusinthika kwake komanso kuya kwake. Kukwera kwapamwamba ndi kuya, kumapangitsanso kuti phokoso likhale labwino. Zina zodziwika bwino komanso zozama ndizo:
- 16-bit/44.1kHz: audio yamtundu wa CD.
- 24-bit/96kHz: Zomvera zapamwamba kwambiri.
- 32-bit/192kHz: audio yamtundu wa situdiyo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Digital Audio Technologies
Ukadaulo wamawu wa digito uli ndi ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza:
- Kupanga mawu omveka bwino a konsati: Ukadaulo wamawu wa digito umalola kuwongolera bwino kwamawu ndi mtundu wake, kupangitsa kuti zitheke kumveka bwino pamakonsati amoyo.
- Ojambula odziyimira pawokha: Ukadaulo wapa digito wapangitsa kuti ojambula odziyimira pawokha azijambula ndikugawa nyimbo zawo popanda kufunikira kolemba.
- Wailesi ndi kuwulutsa: Ukadaulo wamawu wapa digito walola kuti mawu amveke bwino komanso zina zowonjezera pawailesi ndi kuwulutsa.
- Kupanga makanema ndi makanema: Ukadaulo wamawu wa digito umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makanema ndi makanema kujambula ndikusintha nyimbo.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito pawekha: Ukadaulo wamawu wapa digito wapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti anthu azipanga ndikugawana nyimbo zawo ndi zomvetsera.
Digital Sampling
Kodi Sampling ndi chiyani?
Sampling ndi njira yosinthira nyimbo kapena mawu ena aliwonse kukhala mtundu wa digito. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kutenga zithunzi zokhazikika za mawu omveka pa nthawi inayake ndikusintha kukhala deta ya digito. Kutalika kwazithunzizi kumatsimikizira mtundu wa audio yomwe imachokera.
Momwe Sampling Imagwirira Ntchito
Sampling imaphatikizapo pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imatembenuza mawu a analogi kukhala mawonekedwe a digito. Pulogalamuyi imatenga zithunzithunzi za ma soundwave pa nthawi inayake, ndipo zithunzithunzizi zimasinthidwa kukhala deta ya digito. Zomvera za digito zomwe zimatsatiridwa zimatha kusungidwa panjira zosiyanasiyana monga ma disks, hard drive, kapena kutsitsa kuchokera pa intaneti.
Sampling Rate ndi Quality
Ubwino wa mawu ojambulidwa umatengera kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo, zomwe ndi kuchuluka kwazithunzi zomwe zimatengedwa pamphindikati. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kumapangitsa kuti nyimbo za digito zikhale bwino. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kumatanthauzanso kuti malo ambiri amatengedwa pa malo osungiramo zinthu.
Kupsinjika ndi Kutembenuka
Kuti mugwirizane ndi mafayilo akuluakulu omvera pa sing'anga yonyamula kapena kutsitsa kuchokera pa intaneti, kukakamiza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kuponderezana kumaphatikizapo kusankha zina maulendo ndi ma harmonics kuti apangitsenso mawu omveka, ndikusiya malo ambiri ogwedezeka kuti phokoso lenileni lipangidwenso. Izi siziri zangwiro, ndipo zina zimatayika mu ndondomeko ya psinjika.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sampling
Sampling imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kupanga nyimbo, zomveka, komanso ngakhale kupanga makanema. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma audio a digito pawayilesi ya FM, makamera, komanso mitundu ina yamakamera a canon. Sampling ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwachisawawa, koma pakugwiritsa ntchito movutikira, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kumalimbikitsidwa.
polumikizira
Kodi ma audio interface ndi chiyani?
Malo olumikizirana mawu ndi zida zomwe zimasinthira ma audio a analogi kuchokera ku maikolofoni ndi zida kukhala masigino a digito omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta. Amagwiritsanso ntchito ma audio a digito kuchokera pakompyuta kupita ku mahedifoni, zowunikira ma studio, ndi zotumphukira zina. Pali mitundu ingapo yamawu yolumikizirana yomwe ilipo, koma yodziwika bwino komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi USB (Universal Serial Bus) mawonekedwe.
Chifukwa chiyani mumafunikira mawonekedwe omvera?
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yamawu pakompyuta yanu ndipo mukufuna kujambula kapena kusewera mawu apamwamba kwambiri, mufunika mawonekedwe omvera. Makompyuta ambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe omvera, koma izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokongola ndipo sizipereka zabwino kwambiri. Mawonekedwe akunja amawu amakupatsirani mawu abwinoko, zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa zambiri, ndikuwongolera zomvera zanu.
Ndi mitundu yaposachedwa yanji yamawu?
Matembenuzidwe aposachedwa a ma audio akupezeka m'masitolo omwe amagulitsa zida zanyimbo. Ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri masiku ano ndipo mutha kukankhira masheya akale mwachangu. Mwachiwonekere, mukafuna kugula mwachangu, mutha kupeza mitundu yaposachedwa kwambiri yamawu.
Digital Audio Quality
Introduction
Zikafika pamawu a digito, khalidwe ndilofunika kwambiri. Kuyimilira kwa digito kwa ma audio kumatheka kudzera munjira yotchedwa sampling, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutenga ma analogi mosalekeza ndikuwasintha kukhala manambala. Izi zasintha momwe timajambulira, kuwongolera, ndi kupanganso mawu, koma zimabweretsanso zovuta ndi malingaliro pamtundu wamawu.
Sampling ndi Mafupipafupi
Mfundo yofunikira ya audio ya digito ndikujambula ndikuyimira zomveka ngati mawerengero angapo, omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apulogalamu. Ubwino wamawu a digito umatengera momwe mamvekedwe awa akuyimira molondola mawu oyamba. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi chiwerengero cha zitsanzo, chomwe ndi chiwerengero cha nthawi pa sekondi yomwe chizindikiro cha analogi chimayesedwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha digito.
Nyimbo zamakono nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za 44.1 kHz, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chizindikiro cha analogi chimatengedwa nthawi 44,100 pa sekondi iliyonse. Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pama CD, omwe ndi njira yodziwika bwino yogawa nyimbo zama digito. Zitsanzo zapamwamba, monga 96 kHz kapena 192 kHz, ziliponso ndipo zimatha kupereka khalidwe labwino, koma zimafunanso malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri ndi mphamvu zopangira.
Digital Signal Encoding
Chizindikiro cha analogi chikatsatiridwa, chimayikidwa mu digito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa pulse-code modulation (PCM). PCM imayimira matalikidwe a siginecha ya analogi pagawo lililonse lachitsanzo ngati mtengo wa manambala, womwe umasungidwa ngati mndandanda wa manambala a binary (bits). Kuchuluka kwa ma bits omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira chitsanzo chilichonse kumatsimikizira kuya kwake, komwe kumakhudza kusinthasintha kwamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa digito.
Mwachitsanzo, CD imagwiritsa ntchito kuya pang'ono kwa ma bits 16, omwe amatha kuyimira 65,536 milingo yosiyanasiyana ya matalikidwe. Izi zimapereka mitundu yosinthika pafupifupi 96 dB, yomwe ndiyokwanira malo ambiri omvera. Kuzama kwapang'ono, monga 24 bits kapena 32 bits, kumatha kupereka mtundu wabwinoko komanso wosinthika, koma amafunikiranso malo osungira ambiri ndi mphamvu yopangira.
Digital Audio Manipulation
Chimodzi mwazabwino zamawu a digito ndikutha kuwongolera ndikusintha ma siginecha pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apulogalamu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha, kusakaniza, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira, ndi kuyerekezera malo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, njirazi zitha kukhudzanso mtundu wamawu a digito.
Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zina kapena kusintha kwa siginecha yamawu kumatha kutsitsa mtundu kapena kuyambitsa zinthu zakale. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zoperewera ndi mphamvu za pulogalamu yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zofunikira zenizeni za polojekiti yomvera.
Independent Music Production yokhala ndi Digital Audio
Kuchokera ku Chunky Decks kupita ku Zida Zotsika mtengo
Anapita masiku pamene kujambula nyimbo mwaukadaulo kumatanthauza kuyika ndalama mu chunky decks ndi zida zodula. Pakubwera nyimbo za digito, ojambula odziyimira pawokha padziko lonse lapansi tsopano amatha kupanga nyimbo m'ma studio awo akunyumba tsiku lililonse. Kupezeka kwa zida zotsika mtengo kwasintha kwambiri makampani opanga nyimbo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti oimba azitha kupanga nyimbo zawo popanda kusweka.
Kumvetsetsa Digital Audio Quality
Digital audio ndi njira yojambulira mawu ngati ma digito. Kusamvana ndi zitsanzo zamawu a digito zimakhudza mtundu wa mawuwo. Nayi mbiri yachidule ya momwe nyimbo za digito zasinthira kwazaka zambiri:
- M'masiku oyambilira a audio ya digito, mitengo yachitsanzo inali yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale losamveka bwino.
- Pamene luso lamakono likupita patsogolo, zitsanzo zinawonjezeka, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale labwino.
- Masiku ano, zomvera za digito ndizokwera kwambiri, zokhala ndi zitsanzo komanso kuya pang'ono komwe kumajambula bwino mafunde.
Kujambula ndi Kukonza Audio Digital
Kuti ajambule nyimbo za digito, oimba amagwiritsa ntchito kiyibodi yoyimirira, zida zenizeni, zopangira mapulogalamu, ndi mapulagini a FX. Ntchito yojambulira imaphatikizapo kusintha ma siginecha a analogi kukhala ma data a digito pogwiritsa ntchito zosinthira za analogi kupita ku digito. Deta ya digito imasungidwa ngati mafayilo pakompyuta. Kukula kwa mafayilo kumadalira chigamulo ndi chitsanzo cha kujambula.
Latency ndi Production
Latency ndi kuchedwa pakati pa kulowetsa kwa mawu ndi kukonza kwake. Mu nyimbo, latency ikhoza kukhala vuto polemba ma multitracks kapena zimayambira. Pofuna kupewa latency, oimba amadalira ma audio otsika a latency ndi mapurosesa. Zizindikiro za data za digito zimakonzedwa kudzera mudera, zomwe zimapanga chithunzithunzi cha phokoso. Chithunzichi cha waveform chimapangidwanso kukhala chomveka ndi chipangizo chosewera.
Zosokoneza ndi Dynamic Range
Digital audio ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kujambula mawu onse. Komabe, ma audio a digito amathanso kusokonezeka, monga kudulidwa ndi kusokoneza ma quantization. Kudumpha kumachitika pamene chizindikiro cholowera chikudutsa mutu wa digito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisokonezeke. Kusokonekera kwa quantization kumachitika pamene makina a digito amazungulira chizindikiro kuti agwirizane ndi magawo okhwima, kusindikiza zolakwika pa nthawi zina.
Ma Platforms a Social Distribution
Ndi kukwera kwa nsanja zogawa anthu, oimba odziyimira pawokha tsopano amatha kugawa nyimbo zawo kwa omvera padziko lonse lapansi popanda kufunikira kwa cholembera. Mapulatifomu amalola oimba kukweza nyimbo zawo ndikugawana ndi otsatira awo. Demokalase yogawa nyimbo yakhazikitsa kusintha kowona kwaukadaulo, kupatsa oimba ufulu wopanga ndikugawana nyimbo zawo ndi dziko lapansi.
Kutsiliza
Ndiye muli nazo, zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza nyimbo za digito mwachidule. Nyimbo zapa digito ndi chiwonetsero cha mawu ngati manambala osawerengeka, osati ngati mafunde osalekeza.
Nyimbo zapa digito zasintha momwe timajambulira, kusunga, kusanja, ndi kumvera nyimbo. Chifukwa chake, musaope kulowa mkati ndikusangalala ndi zabwino zaukadaulo wodabwitsawu!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
