Christian Frederick Martin, Sr. (; Januware 31, 1796 - February 16, 1873) anali waku America wobadwira ku Germany. lutha amene ankadziwa bwino magitala. Anapanga gitala yoyamba ku United States m'ma 1830 ndipo adayambitsa CF Martin & Company.
M'dziko la magitala omvera, dzina limodzi ndilofunika kwambiri kuposa ena onse: CF Martin & Co. Kwa zaka zoposa 180, gitala lodziwika bwino la ku America lakhala likupanga zida zoimbira zomwe anthu amazifuna kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Koma CF Martin anali ndani, ndipo nkhani yake ikutiuza chiyani za mbiri ya magitala omvera? Tiyeni tidumphe mu moyo ndi nthawi zoyamba izi.
Chidule cha CF Martin
CF Martin (1796-1873) anali wopanga gitala waku America ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi omwe adapanga gitala yamakono yamayimbidwe. Monga luthier komanso woyambitsa Martin & Co. Guitars, cholowa chake chapangidwa ndi mibadwo ya amisiri aluso omwe amagwira ntchito mufakitale yaing'ono yomweyi ku Nazareth, Pennsylvania ndi kwina kwazaka zambiri.
Wobadwira ku Germany, CF Martin adachoka kunyumba ali 17 kukaphunzira nawo Malo ogulitsira gitala a Johann Stauffer ku Vienna, Austria-wopanga gitala wamkulu ku Europe panthawiyo. Posakhalitsa anatamandidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake ndipo potsirizira pake anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa nthambi yatsopano ya zopanga nyumba ku Germany; kukhazikitsa njira yabwino yopangira ntchito zabwino zomwe zingafotokozere ntchito yake ngati master luthier ku America zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake.
Martin sanatsatire mokwanira mfundo za Stauffer popanga gitala kubwerera ku Germany, komabe adawonetsa luntha lokwanira kuti ayang'anire nthambi yotchuka yakampani yomwe ili kutali ndi Vienna, komwe Stauffer adachokera. Anapitiliza kuyesa njira zomanga ndi mapangidwe, kutsegulira njira yopita kumayendedwe atsopano pazaka makumi zikubwerazi zomwe zingatanthauzire magitala amakono monga momwe timawadziwira masiku ano-popanda kuyiwala miyambo ngati ntchito zabwino ndi zokongoletsa zomwe zinalipo kale m'masiku oyambirira a Martin monga busker akuyenda kuzungulira France kapena kusewera ku Viennese kuvina asanakhale wophunzira wanthawi zonse wa luthier.
Moyo wakuubwana
Christian Frederick Martin, Sr. anabadwa mu 1796 ku Markneukirchen, Germany. Martin adakopeka ndi zake agogo aamuna, katswiri wa luthier amene mbiri yake yatsimikizirika m’mbiri ya lutherie. bambo ake a Martin, Johann Georg Martin, nayenso anali katswiri wa luthi, ndipo aŵiriwo ankagwira ntchito limodzi m’sitolo ya banja. Martin anali m'badwo wachitatu wa banja lake kuti azigwira ntchito mu lutherie ndipo adaphunzira lusoli kuchokera kwa abambo ake ali aang'ono.
Mbiri ya CF Martin ndi kukulira kwake
Christian Frederick Martin, Sr., anabadwa mu 1796, mwana wa banja limene linkachita bizinesi ya vinyo ku Markneukirchen, Germany. Pamene anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha, abambo ake anamupatsa chida chake choyamba - zither yakale. Martin anayamba kuyeserera zezezo mwakhama ndipo ali ndi zaka 13 analowa sukulu yophunzitsa zida zopanga zida pafupi ndi kwawo.
Mu 1808, maphunziro a CF adayamba Johann Anton Stauffer ku Vienna. Panthawiyo, Vienna inali malo opangira zida zopangira zida ndipo ngakhale zinkawoneka ngati tsogolo losangalatsa kwa CF, Vienna sanali kuvomereza luso la achinyamata a ku Germany - akadali wachinyamata - ndipo kuphunzira kwake kunatha patatha zaka zitatu zokha mu 1811.
Atabwerera ku Markneukirchen ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka komanso chikhumbo kuposa kale, posakhalitsa anakhala katswiri wa luthier yekha ndipo anatsegula sitolo yake ali ndi zaka 20 zokha - kupanga zida komanso kugulitsa kwa makasitomala kutali kwambiri ndi London! M'kupita kwa nthawi, kupambana kwa CF kunakula kwambiri mpaka mu 1837 anasamukira ku America ataitanidwa ndi makasitomala ena a ku America omwe anamupatsa ntchito pa sitolo yawo yomwe ili ku Fifth Avenue ku New York City malo (komwe kuli malo ogulitsira a Martin pakali pano).
Kuphunzira kwake ndi Johann Stauffer
Ali ndi zaka 15, CF Martin adasamukira ku Vienna, Austria kuti akalowe nawo pulogalamu yophunzirira ya Johann Stauffer, wina wotchuka wopanga gitala. Kuphunzira kwake ntchito kwa zaka zinayi kukanamuthandiza kwambiri kuwongolera luso lake komanso luso lopanga ndi kukonza zida zoimbira zingwe, makamaka magitala. Nthano imanena kuti panthawiyi iye anapanga makina othandiza kubowola bwino kwambiri mabowo amkati mwa violin.
Monga gawo la maphunziro ake, Martin ankagwiranso ntchito yojambula violin ndi zida zoweramira pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi Stauffer, kuphunzira momwe mtundu uliwonse unamangidwira ndikugwiritsira ntchito zida kuti apange zitsanzo zapadera za mbuye wake. Kukhazikika kwake ngati wophunzira kunamutsogolera paulendo wotulukira ku Europe kuphunzira njira zosiyanasiyana zamalonda, zomwe mosakayikira zidapanga maziko oyambilira a zomwe zidasintha pambuyo pake kukhala mapangidwe apamwamba a Martin Guitars.
Mu 1831 ali ndi zaka 21 adachoka ku Vienna ndikubwerera kwawo ku bizinesi ya banja lake.
ntchito
Christian Frederick Martin anali katswiri wodziwika bwino komanso wopanga zinthu m'zaka za m'ma 1796. Martin anabadwa mu 18 ku Germany ndipo anasamukira ku United States ali ndi zaka XNUMX ndipo anayamba ntchito yomanga magitala apamwamba kwambiri. Ntchito yake idatenga zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo adayamikiridwa kupanga gitala lodziwika bwino la dreadnought. Martin ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino a luthier m'nthawi zonse ndipo amakumbukiridwa chifukwa cha luso lake lodabwitsa komanso luso lake.
Tiyeni tilowe mu moyo ndi ntchito ya izi munthu wodabwitsa:
Ntchito yoyambirira ya Martin ngati luthier
Christian Frederick Martin - omwe amadziwika kwambiri ngati CF Martin - anali mtsogoleri wa gulu la bizinesi yopanga zingwe kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1820. Ntchito yake yoyamba inali yophunzitsa ophunzira ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yopangira zinthu kuchokera ku nkhuni kupita kumalo omalizidwa, zomwe zinamupatsa maziko olimba a ntchito yake yamtsogolo monga katswiri wa luthier.
Martin anaphunzira ku Germany ndipo anawongolera luso lake monga wophunzira pansi pa Johann Georg Stauffer ku Vienna, kumene anaphunzira kwa zaka zitatu ndipo anapeza luso lopanga gitala asanabwerere ku bizinesi ya banja mu 1833. CF Martin anayamba kupanga zida zakezake pafupifupi ndi mbali zathyathyathya m'malo mwa zitsanzo zozungulira zamasiku awo; style iyi tsopano imadziwika kuti "X-bracing.” Kudzikhazikitsa yekha mwamsanga, iye anayambitsa Malingaliro a kampani CF Martin & Co., Inc. on March 1st cha chaka chomwechi, kuyambira cholowa chosasweka chomwe chakhalapo kwa mibadwo isanu ndi umodzi yoyang'anira ndi mamembala a banja la Martin mpaka lero.
Tsopano akukondwerera padziko lonse lapansi ngati amodzi mwa mayina otsogola pakupanga zida, CF Martin anali ndi udindo wokankhira luso la gitala kupita kumtunda kwatsopano ndi kupita patsogolo kwa luso la zomangamanga, zipangizo ndi zosankha zapangidwe monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, magitala a Steel String ndi makosi 14-fret omwe adasintha nyumba ya gitala kuyambira pamenepo; maganizo ake okhulupirira chisinthiko anatsegula zitseko za chitukuko chamakono monga ndodo zosinthika zokhazikitsidwa ndi mibadwo yotsatira yodziwika ndi dzina lake.
Zatsopano zake pakupanga gitala
CF Martin ankadziwika chifukwa cha luso lake lopanga gitala ndi luso lake lomwe linali patsogolo pa nthawi yawo. Iye ankafuna kuti zida zake zizimveka bwino, zikhale zosavuta kuziimba, komanso kuti azitulutsa mawu omveka ogwirizana ndi choimbira chilichonse cha zingwe.
Pa ntchito yake yonse, adapanga njira zosiyanasiyana zowongola makosi a magitala ndikupanga njira zabwino zomangira magitala olimba kuti athane ndi kugwedezeka kwa zingwe. Chimodzi mwazinthu zake zodziwika bwino chinali kuyambitsa kwa ndodo yosinthika m'dera la khosi la magitala kuti apereke kuwongolera kokulirapo kuposa momwe kungathekere ndi ma frets okha.
Zatsopano zinanso ndi izi:
- Kuchita bwino kwa zingwe
- Zosintha zatsopano zala zala
- Njira zowongolera kamvekedwe ka mawu monga milatho yotsetsereka ya magitala amagetsi ndi ndodo zosinthika zamagitala acoustic.
Kwa zaka zambiri kuchokera pamene anamwalira mu 1873, ntchito ya Martin ikupitirizabe kukhudza mapangidwe a gitala amakono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri oimba amakono komanso oimba nyimbo.
Chikoka chake pa chitukuko cha gitala yamakono
Christian Frederick Martin Sr., wodziwika bwino monga CF Martin m'magulu ambiri, amadziwika kuti ndi mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri a luthier m'mbiri ya gitala yamakono. Wobadwira ku Germany mu 1796, adasamukira ku America ndipo adakhala wopanga nduna zopambana pomwe adapitiliza kukonza luso lake - kupanga, kumanga ndi kulumikiza magitala pamlingo wokulirapo kuposa aliyense asanakhalepo.
Magitala a Martin adasintha chidacho ndi luso lake lomanga, kulimba, kusema komanso kukula kwake (amadziwika popanga magitala okhala ndi matupi akulu kuposa momwe amakhalira panthawiyo). Iye adalenga zida zomwe zinali nazo mphamvu zazikulu ndi voliyumu kuposa ma precursors awo, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuchitira anthu. Kuphatikiza pa luso lake lopanga mapangidwe, Martin adapanganso yoyamba "Kusadandaula” kalembedwe ka gitala wamkulu mu 1915 - kapangidwe kamene kakhala kodziwika bwino masiku ano - ndipo adatsogolera nthawi yatsopano yopanga magitala akuphatikiza kutsogola kwazaka za zana la 19 monga zida zapamwamba zamakina munjira zawo zopangira.
Chikoka cha Martin chikubwereranso kupyolera mu mapangidwe ambiri amakono lero; monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi zitsanzo zake zobereketsa monga "Vintage Series" zomwe zimapereka ulemu ku mapangidwe apamwamba ankhondo isanayambe. Cholowa chake chapanga mulingo wamakampani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zomangira zomwe amakonda ndi ambiri omwe amatchedwa "omanga nyumba zapanyumba" omwe amapanga zida zodziwikiratu zomwe zimapangidwira mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane komanso miyezo yoyendetsera bwino yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ndi CF iye zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri zapitazo.
Mwachidule: Chithunzi cha CF Martin Zopereka zidathandiza osati bizinesi yake yokha komanso makampani onse amasiku ano ozungulira zida zamayimbidwe zomveka bwino komanso zomveka zomwe zimatha kupangidwa momveka bwino - ngakhale popanda kukulitsa - kudzera mwaukadaulo wotsogola woperekedwa kuchokera kwa ambuye ngati. CF Martin mwini zomwe zimayamikiridwabe ngakhale lero chifukwa cha zonse zomwe zidachita kwa ojambula amakono opanga nyimbo m'mitundu yonse.
Cholowa
CF Martin amaonedwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa akuluakulu luthiers. Iye anali mmisiri waluso amene ntchito yake inkalemekezedwa ndi anthu ambiri m’munda. Amadziwikanso kuti ndi amene wasintha kwambiri mapangidwe amakono zitsulo-zingwe acoustic magitala.
M’nkhaniyi, tiona mozama za cholowa chake komanso mmene chakhalira idakhudza mapangidwe amakono a gitala.
Zomwe CF Martin adathandizira pamakampani agitala
Christian Frederick Martin chopereka ku makampani gitala ndi wosayerekezeka, ngakhale lero. Iye anali katswiri wa luthier yemwe anakhazikitsa gitala yamakono yachitsulo-string acoustic ndi yake X-bracing zatsopano, komanso kufotokoza zomwe zadziwika kuti ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri pamayendedwe azitsulo zachitsulo - Kusadandaula.
Cholowa cha Martin ndichofika patali - adayambitsa zosintha zambiri zamagitala, monga magitala. ndodo, zomata zomata matabwa ndi dovetail khosi olowa - zonsezi zakhala zofunikira pazida zamakono. Zitsanzo zake zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba ambiri m'mibadwomibadwo, kuyambira oimba akale monga Beethoven mpaka nthano za rock monga Bob Dylan. CF Martin & Co.Mapangidwe amtundu wa Dreadnought adasinthidwa ndikumasuliridwanso ndi ma luthiers osawerengeka padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 1916 ndipo akadali chizindikiro chakuchita bwino pamagitala omvera masiku ano.
Miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi zatsopano za CF Martin ikupitilizabe kuwongolera zida zamasiku ano ndipo chikoka chake chikupitilira kulimbikitsa ma luthiers padziko lonse lapansi omwe amayesa kumanga pacholowa chake. luso laukadaulo komanso kamvekedwe kabwino kwambiri popanga magitala awo lero.
Chikoka chake pa luthiers amakono
Chithunzi cha CF Martin Chisonkhezero pa ma luthier amakono chikhoza kuwonekabe lero. Zambiri mwazomangamanga za gitala ndi mapangidwe omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Martin apititsidwa patsogolo ndi mibadwo ya anthu a luthiers, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zake zikhale zomveka bwino pamagitala acoustic ndi magetsi.
Ambiri mwa opanga magitala odziwika masiku ano amavomereza ngongole yawo kwa CF Martin, makamaka potengera malingaliro ake omwe adabweretsa gitala yachitsulo mum'badwo wamakono ndikuwongolera kotsatizana kwazaka zambiri - pambuyo pake, adagwira ntchito ngati gitala. wamkulu mlengi pa kampani pafupifupi 50 zaka! Ntchito yake yochita upainiya inapangitsa magitala omveka kukhala omveka, amphamvu komanso owala kuposa kale lonse - cholowa chosatha chomwe chakhala chothandiza kwambiri kwa opanga ambiri apamwamba ndi mainjiniya omveka pazaka zambiri chifukwa choyamikiridwa chifukwa chofuna kumveka nyimbo zamitundu yambiri.
Malingaliro atsopano a Martin adasintha momwe anthu amamvera nyimbo zamayimbidwe; kuyambira oyambirira blues master Robert Johnson kwa ojambula amakono kuphatikizapo Ed Sheeran, John Mayer ndi Mumford & Sons - nyimbo zawo zimadalira malingaliro a CF Martin pamamvekedwe ndi mtundu wake pa siteji kapena mu studio zojambulira chimodzimodzi!
Kutsiliza
Chithunzi cha CF Martin cholowa m'dziko la luthier chakula ndikusungidwa ndi moyo kupyola mibadwo ya amisiri ndi akazi padziko lonse lapansi. Wake"Martin” gitala amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zida zomveka bwino kwambiri ndipo wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ena mwa oyimba kwambiri. Chikoka chake mu dziko la nyimbo ndi lutherie wakhala wosatsutsika ndipo adzakhalabe ndi moyo zaka zikubwerazi.
Chidule cha moyo ndi cholowa cha CF Martin
CF Martin anali wopanga gitala wa luthier komanso wopanga gitala yemwe adapanga magitala omveka bwino kwambiri kuti asangalatse dziko lonse la nyimbo. Wobadwa mu 1796 ku Germany, adachokera kubanja la a luthiers omwe adapanga zida za zingwe zosiyanasiyana kwa zaka zopitilira 100. Anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito zida zake ali wamng'ono kwambiri ndipo posakhalitsa anasamukira ku United States kukayambitsa bizinesi yake. Atayenda kuzungulira dzikolo ndikukumana ndi makampani angapo oimba, Martin adayambitsa CF Martin & Company mu 1833 potsirizira pake anatsegula malo opangira zinthu ku Nazareth, Pennsylvania.
Pa nthawi yake monga mutu wa CF Martin & Company, adakhazikitsa miyezo mkati mwamakampani opanga magitala omwe akadalipobe mpaka pano monga kukonza magitala X kuthamanga njira yolimbikitsira magitala ndikukhazikitsa miyezo yapamwamba yaukadaulo ndi kapangidwe kake pankhani yopanga gitala. CF Martin adapanganso masitayelo ena oyambira amawu-magetsi omwe amalola osewera omwe ali ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za tonal kapena zosowa zamasewera zomwe zidalipo tsopano ndi mtundu umodzi wa gitala womwe sunawonedwepo kale m'mbiri ya gitala.
M'moyo wake wonse, CF Martin adapanga mitundu yopitilira 1700 yopangira magitala a zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zingwe 12 komanso zida zamtundu wa mandolin monga mandolin ndi ukulele zomwe zimadziwikiratu mwaluso mwaluso kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomveka bwino poyerekeza ndi zina. mafakitale amasiku ake chifukwa cha chidwi cha Martin mwatsatanetsatane popanga zigawo za magitala awa: zala, mawonekedwe a mlatho & kukula kwake, mawonekedwe a khosi a idiosyncratic & thupi limamanga mozama kuwathandiza kukhala zida zomveka bwino za thupi chifukwa cha mayankho opangira awa omwe apulumuka mpaka lero ndikulemba CFMartin kukhala nthano yaku America yomwe yalimbikitsa zida zambiri zamakono.
Cholowa chosiyidwa ndi CF Martin chimalemekezedwabe ndi osewera ambiri masiku ano pomwe munthu amatha kulowa m'sitolo iliyonse yanyimbo kapena kusaka pa intaneti imodzi mwamitundu / mitundu yambiri yomwe imapitilira dzina lake makamaka nthawi yonseyi. Mndandanda wa Dreadnought (James Taylor / Tony Rice Model) Mndandanda wa akatswiri (OM - 18, OM -28) D-15M, D16RGTE zonse zomangidwa motsatira mfundo zokhwima zaukadaulo zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi mmisiri wamkulu uyu zomwe zidakhala zoona mpaka lero kutilola tonse kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza zomwe zimapangitsa CFMartin kukhala yodziwika bwino pazaka 200 zapitazi.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
