Kodi zimachita bwanji zimenezo? Kodi mawuwa amachoka bwanji kuchokera ku gwero kupita kwa wokamba nkhani kuti mumve?
Chizindikiro cha audio ndi chiwonetsero chamagetsi cha mawu mu nthawi zambiri osiyanasiyana 20 mpaka 20,000 Hz. Atha kupangidwa mwachindunji, kapena amachokera pa maikolofoni kapena chojambulira chida. Kuyenda kwa siginecha ndi njira yochokera ku gwero kupita ku chokamba, pomwe siginecha yomvera imasinthidwa kukhala mawu.
Tiyeni tiwone chomwe siginecha yamawu ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito. Ndikambilananso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma siginecha komanso momwe mungakhazikitsire kuyenderera kwa siginecha kwa makina omvera apanyumba.
Kumvetsetsa Audio Signal Processing
Kodi Audio Signal Processing ndi chiyani?
Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe nyimbo zomwe mumakonda zimakhalira limodzi? Chabwino, zonse zikomo chifukwa cha ma siginoloji amawu! Kukonza ma audio ndi njira yosinthira mawu kukhala mawonekedwe a digito, kuwongolera ma frequency amawu, ndikuwonjezera zotsatira kuti mupange nyimbo yabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma studio ojambulira, pa ma PC ndi ma laputopu, komanso pazida zapadera zojambulira.
Kuyamba ndi Audio Signal Processing
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zakusintha kwa ma audio, Maupangiri a Warren Koontz a Audio Signal Processing ndiye malo abwino kuyamba. Imakhala ndi zoyambira zamawu ndi ma audio a analogi, sampuli ndi kuwerengera zojambulajambula ma sign, nthawi ndi ma frequency domain processing, komanso mapulogalamu enaake monga mapangidwe aequalizer, kupanga zotsatira, ndi kuponderezana kwamafayilo.
Phunzirani Kusintha kwa Sigino Yomvera ndi MATLAB
Gawo labwino kwambiri la bukuli ndikuti limabwera ndi zitsanzo ndi zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zolemba ndi ntchito za MATLAB. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukonza zomvera munthawi yeniyeni pa PC yanu ndikumvetsetsa bwino momwe makina amawu amagwirira ntchito.
Za Author
Warren Koontz ndi pulofesa wotuluka ku Rochester Institute of Technology. Ali ndi BS yochokera ku University of Maryland, MS kuchokera ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ndi Ph.D. kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Purdue, onse mu engineering yamagetsi. Adakhala zaka zopitilira 30 ku Bell Laboratories kupanga makina otumizira ma digito, ndipo atapuma pantchito, adalowa nawo gawo la RIT kuti athandizire kupanga njira ya Audio Engineering Technology. Koontz wapitilizabe kafukufuku wake pankhani yaukadaulo wamawu ndipo wasindikiza ndikupereka zotsatira za kafukufuku wake.
Sayansi Pambuyo pa Nthawi Zosintha
AC ndi chiyani?
Alternating Currents (AC) ali ngati mwana wamtchire wamagetsi - sakhala pamalo amodzi ndipo amasintha nthawi zonse. Mosiyana ndi Direct Current (DC) yomwe imangoyenda mbali imodzi, AC imasintha nthawi zonse pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasinthidwe amawu - imatha kupanganso mawu ovuta kulondola.
Kodi Zimagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Ma siginecha amawu a AC amasinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu omwe amapangidwanso, monga momwe mafunde amawu amasinthira pakati pa kutsika kwakukulu ndi kutsika. Izi zimachitika posintha mfundo ziwiri - pafupipafupi ndi matalikidwe.
- pafupipafupi: Nthawi zambiri chizindikirocho chimasintha kuchoka ku zabwino kupita ku zoyipa.
- Matalikidwe: Mulingo kapena kuchuluka kwa siginecha, kuyeza ndi ma decibel.
Chifukwa chiyani AC ndi yayikulu kwambiri?
AC ili ngati mphamvu yamagetsi - imatha kuchita zinthu zomwe magetsi amtundu wina sangathe. Zitha kutenga zomveka zovuta ndikuzisintha kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi, kenako ndikuzitembenuzanso kukhala mawu. Zili ngati matsenga, koma ndi sayansi!
Kodi Signal Flow ndi chiyani?
Kusamala Ndalama
Kuyenda kwa siginecha kuli ngati masewera a foni, koma ndi mawu. Ndi ulendo womwe phokoso limatenga kuchokera ku gwero lake kupita ku makutu anu. Ukhoza kukhala ulendo waufupi, ngati mukumvera nyimbo zomwe mumakonda pa stereo yakunyumba kwanu. Kapena ukhoza kukhala ulendo wautali, wokhotakhota, monga mukakhala mu studio yojambulira ndi mabelu onse ndi mluzu.
The Nitty Gritty
Zikafika pakuyenda kwazizindikiro, pali maimidwe ambiri panjira. Phokosoli limatha kudutsa pakompyuta yosakanikirana, zida zomvera zakunja, komanso zipinda zosiyanasiyana. Zili ngati mpikisano waukulu wa ol 'audio relay!
Ubwino
Ubwino wa kayendedwe ka ma sign ndikuti umathandizira kumveketsa bwino mawu anu. Ikhoza kukuthandizani kulamulira kuchuluka, onjezani zotsatira, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mawuwo akupita pamalo oyenera. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukuyang'ana kuti mumve zambiri pamawu anu, ndiye kuti mudzafuna kudziwa mayendedwe amawu.
Kumvetsetsa Zizindikiro Zomvera
Kodi ma Audio Signals ndi chiyani?
Zizindikiro zamawu zili ngati chilankhulo cha okamba anu. Ndiwo amene amauza okamba anu zoti anene ndi mokweza bwanji kuti anene. Ndiwo omwe amapangitsa kuti nyimbo zanu zizimveka bwino, makanema anu azimveka mwamphamvu, ndipo ma podikasiti anu amamveka ngati akatswiri ojambula.
Kodi Ma Parameter Amakhala Ndi Ma Audio Signs?
Zizindikiro zamawu zitha kuzindikirika ndi magawo angapo osiyanasiyana:
- Bandwidth: Awa ndi ma frequency omwe chizindikirocho chimatha kunyamula.
- Mulingo Wadzina: Uwu ndiye mulingo wapakati wa chizindikiro.
- Mulingo wa Mphamvu mu Ma Decibel (dB): Uwu ndiye muyeso wa mphamvu ya siginecha yofananira ndi gawo lolozera.
- Mulingo wa Voltage: Uwu ndiye muyeso wa mphamvu ya siginecha yokhudzana ndi kutsekeka kwa njira yolumikizira.
Kodi Magawo Osiyanasiyana a Zizindikiro Zomvera Ndi Chiyani?
Ma siginecha amawu amabwera mosiyanasiyana kutengera ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Nayi chidule cha milingo yodziwika kwambiri:
- Mulingo wa Mzere: Uwu ndiye mulingo wokhazikika wazosakaniza zaukadaulo.
- Mulingo wa Ogula: Uwu ndi mulingo wotsikirapo kuposa mzere wa mzere ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamawu ogula.
- Mulingo wa Mic: Uwu ndiye mulingo wotsika kwambiri ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pama maikolofoni.
Kodi Zonsezi Zikutanthauza Chiyani?
Mwachidule, zizindikiro zomvera zimakhala ngati chinenero cha okamba anu. Amauza okamba anu zomwe anene, mokweza bwanji, komanso momwe mungapangire nyimbo zanu, makanema, ndi ma podcasts kumveka bwino. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kuti mawu anu azimveka bwino, muyenera kumvetsetsa magawo ndi magawo amawu.
Kodi Digital Audio ndi chiyani?
Ndi chiyani?
Digital audio ndi mtundu wa digito wamawu omvera. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yonse yamapulogalamu omvera ndi mapulogalamu a digito audio workstation (DAW). Kwenikweni, ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimadutsa mu DAW kuchokera pamawu omvera kupita ku plug-in ndikutulutsa zotulutsa za Hardware.
Kodi Zimayendetsedwa Motani?
Nyimbo za digito zitha kutumizidwa pazingwe zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
- CHIKWANGWANI kuwala
- Coaxial
- Awiri opotoka
Kuphatikiza apo, khodi ya mzere ndi njira yolumikizirana imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipereke chizindikiro cha digito panjira yotumizira. Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zamawu a digito ndizo:
- MGWAMBO
- TDIF
- TOS-KULUMIKIZANA
- S / PDIF
- AES3
- MADI
- Audio pa Ethernet
- Audio pa IP
Ndiye Kodi Zonsezo Zikutanthauza Chiyani?
M'mawu a layman, mawu a digito ndi njira yotumizira ma sigino omvera pa zingwe komanso mlengalenga. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yonse yamapulogalamu omvera ndi mapulogalamu a digito audio workstation (DAW). Ndiye ngati ndinu woyimba, limapanga, kapena mainjiniya omvera, mwayi ndiwe kuti mudagwiritsapo ntchito zomvera za digito panthawi ina pantchito yanu.
Kuwongolera Zizindikiro Zomvera
Kodi Signal Processing ndi chiyani?
Kusintha kwa siginecha ndi njira yotengera siginecha yamawu, ngati phokoso, ndikusintha mwanjira ina. Zili ngati kutenga mawu, kuwalumikiza pakompyuta, kenako n’kugwiritsa ntchito timipeni ndi ma dial kuti amveke mosiyanasiyana.
Kodi Mungatani Ndi Ma Signal Processing?
Kukonza ma Signal kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita zinthu zamtundu uliwonse ndi mawu. Nazi zina mwa zotheka:
- Ma frequency apamwamba kapena otsika amatha kusefedwa.
- Ma frequency ena amatha kutsindika kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi chofanana.
- Harmonic overtones akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi kupotoza.
- Matalikidwe amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi kompresa.
- Zotsatira zanyimbo monga mneni, choyimba, ndi kuchedwa zitha kuwonjezeredwa.
- Mulingo wonse wa chizindikiro ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi fader kapena amplifier.
- Zizindikiro zingapo zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chosakaniza.
Kodi Zonsezi Zikutanthauza Chiyani?
Mwachidule, kukonza ma siginecha ndi njira yotengera mawu ndikupangitsa kuti izimveka mosiyana kwambiri. Mutha kupangitsa kuti ikhale yokweza kapena yofewa, kuwonjezera zotsatira, kapena kuphatikiza mawu angapo kukhala amodzi. Zili ngati kukhala ndi bwalo lamasewera la sonic kuti museweremo!
Kodi Transduction ndi chiyani?
Kusamala Ndalama
Transduction ndi njira yosinthira mawu kukhala ma sign amagetsi. Mwanjira ina, ndi njira yosinthira mafunde amawu kukhala 0s ndi 1s. Zili ngati mlatho wamatsenga pakati pa maiko akuthupi ndi digito.
Osewera
Pali osewera akulu awiri pamasewera otulutsa:
- Maikolofoni: Ma transducer amenewa amatenga mafunde a mawu ndi kuwasandutsa ma siginali amagetsi.
- Olankhula: Ma transducer amenewa amatenga ma siginali amagetsi ndi kuwasandutsa mafunde amawu.
Mitundu
Pankhani yotulutsa, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma audio: analogi ndi digito. Analogi ndiye mafunde oyambira, pomwe digito ndi mtundu wa 0s ndi 1s.
Kupirira
Njira transduction ndi wokongola losavuta. Choyamba, phokoso la phokoso limakumana ndi kapsule ya maikolofoni. Kapsule iyi imatembenuza mphamvu yamakina ya kugwedezeka kukhala magetsi. Izi tsopano zimakulitsidwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha digito. Pomaliza, chizindikiro cha digitochi chimasinthidwa kukhala mafunde omveka ndi wokamba nkhani.
Sayansi ya Funky
Makutu athu amasinthiranso mawu kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi, koma izi ndi zongomva, osati zongomvera. Zizindikilo zomveka ndi zakumva, pomwe ma audio ndi aukadaulo.
Chifukwa chake muli nacho - chiwongolero chachangu komanso chosavuta chosinthira. Tsopano mutha kusangalatsa anzanu ndi chidziwitso chanu chamatsenga akusintha mafunde amawu kukhala 0s ndi 1s!
Kumvetsetsa Decibel Scale
Kodi Decibel ndi chiyani?
Mukayang'ana mita yolumikizira, mumayang'ana zambiri za decibel. Ma decibel amayesa kukweza kapena matalikidwe a mawu. Ndilo logarithmic sikelo, osati mzere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kuyeza kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamawu. Khutu la munthu ndi chipangizo chodabwitsa chomwe chimatha kuzindikira phokoso la pini yomwe ikugwera pafupi, komanso phokoso la injini ya jeti patali.
Magawo Oyezera Phokoso
Mukayeza milingo ya phokoso ndi mita ya mulingo wa mawu, mumayesa kukula kwa phokoso mu mayunitsi a decibel (dB). Meta yolumikizira mawu imagwiritsa ntchito chowonera chokhala ndi ma decibel osiyanasiyana ndikusintha kuti ifanane ndi kusinthasintha kwa khutu. Zingakhale zovuta kupanga mita ya mlingo wamawu yomwe inali ndi mzere wofanana, kotero kuti sikelo ya logarithmic imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito 10 ngati maziko.
Ma Decibel Levels of Common Sounds
Nawu mndandanda wa ma decibel amawu odziwika:
- Pafupifupi chete - 0 dB
- Kunong'ona - 15 dB
- Laibulale - 45 dB
- Kuyankhulana wamba - 60 dB
- Kuthamanga kwa chimbudzi - 75-85 dB
- Malo odyera aphokoso - 90 dB
- Phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri m'chipinda chachipatala - 100 dB
- Kulira kwa mwana - 110 dB
- Jet injini - 120 dB
- Porsche 911 Carrera RSR Turbo 2.1–138 dB
- Kuphulika kwa baluni - 157 dB
Mitundu ya Ma Decibel
Pankhani yama audio, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma decibel:
- SPL (Sound Pressure Levels): imayesa mamvekedwe adziko lenileni (osakhala ndi ma sign), amayezedwa ndi mita yapadera ya SPL.
- dBFS (Decibels Full Scale): momwe ma siginolo a digito amayezedwa m'dziko la 0s ndi 1s, pomwe mphamvu yama siginecha yayikulu = 0 pa mita.
- dBV (Decibels Volt): amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zida za analogi kapena mapulogalamu a digito omwe amatsanzira zida za analogi. Mamita a VU amalembetsa pafupifupi ma audio, mosiyana ndi ma metres apamwamba, omwe amangowonetsa ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri akanthawi. M'masiku oyambilira a audio ya analogi, tepi ya maginito sinkatha kujambula mawu ochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi tepi yamaginito yomwe idapangidwa zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, kotero zidakhala zovomerezeka kujambula kupitilira 0 kutengera tepi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mpaka +3 kapena +6 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kumvetsetsa Mawonekedwe Omvera
Kodi Audio Format ndi chiyani?
Mukajambula mawu, muyenera kusankha momwe idzasungidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kusankha mtundu woyenera wa audio, kuya pang'ono, ndi mlingo wa chitsanzo. Zili ngati kusankha makamera oyenera a chithunzi. Mutha kusankha mtundu wa JPEG (otsika, wapakati, wapamwamba) kapena kulemba kuchuluka kwatsatanetsatane mufayilo ya RAW.
Mawonekedwe omvera ali ngati mawonekedwe azithunzi - .png, .tif, .jpg, .bmp, .svg - koma phokoso. Mtundu wamawu umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira zomvera, kaya zapanikizidwa kapena ayi, komanso mtundu wa data womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Audio Yosatsitsidwa
Zikafika pakupanga ma audio, nthawi zambiri mumafuna kumangomvera mawu osakhazikika. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuwongolera momwe ma audio amagawidwira. Ngakhale mukugwiritsa ntchito nsanja ngati Vimeo, YouTube, kapena Spotify, mudzafuna kudziwa bwino nyimboyo mu mtundu wosakanizidwa poyamba.
Audio Compressed
Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi nyimbo, mungafunike kufinya fayilo yomvera ngati ndi yayikulu kwambiri papulatifomu yogawa. Mwachitsanzo, Distrokid imangolandira mafayilo mpaka 1GB. Chifukwa chake ngati nyimbo yanu ndi yayitali, muyenera kuyifinya.
Ambiri wapamwamba akamagwiritsa popanga nyimbo ndi WAV ndi FLAC. FLAC ndi mtundu wosatayika wa psinjika, womwe ndi wabwino kuposa ma mp3. Spotify amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa AAC.
Kutumiza Audio
Mukamatumiza zomvera ngati gawo la kanema, nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi zosintha zingapo zomwe mungasankhe (monga YouTube, Vimeo, Mobile, Web, Apple Pro Res.). Zomvera zidzaphwanyidwa pamodzi ndi kanema kutengera zokonda zanu zotumiza kunja.
Ngati muli ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito lomwe silikugwirizana ndi zomwe mwakonzeratu, mutha kuchita kafukufuku wowonjezera pa intaneti kuti muwone zokonda.
Kuyerekeza Kukula Kwa Fayilo
Nayi kufanizitsa kukula kwa mafayilo pamawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omvera:
- WAV: zazikulu
- FLAC: Yapakatikati
- MP3: Yaing'ono
Kotero, inu muli nazo izo! Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse za Audio akamagwiritsa.
Kodi Kuzama Pang'ono ndi Chiyani?
Kuzama kwapang'ono ndi liwu laukadaulo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kusintha kwamphamvu kwa mawonekedwe a mafunde. Zili ngati kuchuluka kwa malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira fayilo yonse yomvera, ndipo ndichofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira mtundu wonse wa mawu.
Zoyambira Pang'ono Kuzama
Kuzama kwapang'ono kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira mawu okweza kwambiri komanso opanda phokoso omwe angajambulidwe mu digito. Nayi chidule cha zoyambira:
- Kuzama kwapang'ono kumayimira kusintha kwamphamvu kwa mawonekedwe a phokoso.
- Kuzama kwapang'ono kumatanthawuzanso kuchuluka kwa malo a decimal kwa ma 0 ndi ma 1 onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira fayilo yonse yomvera.
- Miyezo yodziwika kwambiri yakuya ndi 16-bit ndi 24-bit. Zing'onozing'ono zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, fayilo ya mawu imakulirakulira, ndipo imakhala yapamwamba kwambiri kapena kusintha.
- Ma CD amatanthauzidwa ngati sing'anga ya 16-bit, pomwe ma DVD amatha kusewera 16, 20 kapena 24 bit audio.
Kuzama Pang'ono ngati Parameter Yopanga
Kuzama pang'ono si mawu aukadaulo chabe - atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gawo lopangira. Mwachitsanzo, pali mtundu wonse wanyimbo zamagetsi zotchedwa Chiptune zomwe zimatengera momwe mawu amamvekera akaseweredwa pamibadwo yakale yamakompyuta okhala ndi ma processor a 8-bit.
Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera kukoma kwa lo-fi pamawu anu, kuya pang'ono ndichinthu choyenera kuganizira. Ingokumbukirani kuti zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, fayilo yamawu imakula kwambiri komanso imakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Kutsiliza
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za siginecha yomvera ngati KUYAMBIRA kwa mawu ngati chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe amagetsi kapena makina ogwedezeka. Ndi momwe timamvera nyimbo ndi momwe timazijambulira. Ndi momwe timagawana ndi ena komanso momwe timasangalalira pazida zathu.
Choncho, musaope kuyamba ndi kusangalala!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
