Phulusa ndi imodzi mwamitengo yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga gitala masiku ano, yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kumveka kwake komanso kukhazikika kwake.
Ndiwosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito komanso ili ndi chimanga chokongola - kupangitsa kuti ikhale nkhuni yabwino kwa omanga magitala.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zina mwazifukwa zomwe phulusa limakonda kwambiri, komanso chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala toni yabwino yopangira gitala.
Chidule cha Ash
Phulusa ndi imodzi mwamitengo yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga gitala, magetsi ndi ma acoustic. Phulusa ndi mtundu wa mtengo womwe umadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo pakuvunda komanso kutha, ndikuupanga kukhala nkhuni yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito. magitala. Mitengoyi imagwera m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: oak wofiira kumpoto (Quercus rubra) ndi phulusa loyera (Fraxinus americana). Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, koma imagwira ntchito bwino pakupanga magitala ambiri.
Northern red oak ili ndi ma tonal amphamvu kuposa phulusa loyera, kumapereka mawu owala pang'ono okhala ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino. Ndiwochezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi phulusa loyera, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa magitala a resonator komanso ma resonance kapena cholasi. Phulusa loyera komano limakonda kukhala ndi kamvekedwe kofewa kamvekedwe ka mawu ozungulira omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ma bass m'malo mokweza kapena pakati. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achikale kwambiri ikadetsedwa ndipo imatulutsa ma toni akulu okhazikika muzokulitsa - zabwino zamitundu ya blues kapena jazi.
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya Phulusa imafunidwa kwambiri ndi opanga magitala chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo, mphamvu zawo komanso kukana kukalamba zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odalirika kwambiri tonewoods pamapeto pake. Kuphatikiza apo, onsewa amapereka kumveka kwa tonal komanso ma toni amphamvu omwe amawapatsa mwayi kuposa mitengo yotsika mtengo ngati Alder kapena Mahogany muzofunsira zina. Phulusa ndi nkhuni zosunthika kwambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mumitundu yambiri yomanga kotero zimatha kupindulitsa woyimba aliyense yemwe akufunafuna kamvekedwe kowala kapena kamvekedwe kakuda - kutengera mitundu yomwe yasankhidwa!
Ubwino wa Ash Tonewood
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa phulusa ngati tonewood popanga gitala kwakhala kotchuka kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwake kwa makhalidwe olimba ndi ofewa. Phulusa ndi nkhuni zolemera zapakatikati, imodzi mwa mitundu yolimba yamitengo yapakhomo yomwe ilipo. Kawirikawiri, phulusa limagwera m'gulu la hardwood, koma limakhalanso ndi makhalidwe ena a softwood. Kuyankha kwafupipafupi kwa Ash kumadziwika kuti ndi kowala poyerekeza ndi mitengo ina ya tonewood ndipo kumapanga ma overtones mowolowa manja ndi kukoma kosawoneka bwino komwe kwapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazinthu zofunidwa kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga gitala lamagetsi lapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa khalidwe lake labwino kwambiri lamayimbidwe, phulusa limapereka maubwino angapo omwe amapangitsa kuti likhale loyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati toni:
-Ndizopepuka koma zolimba: Mitengo ya phulusa ndi yopepuka kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yamitengo yolimba ngati alder kapena oak, komabe imakhala yolimba kwambiri ngakhale yokhala ndi makoma amthupi owonda kwambiri ndi makosi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magitala okhala ndi phulusa nthawi zambiri amakhala omasuka kusewera nthawi yayitali.
-Zimapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu: Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu za phulusa ngati tonewood ndi kusinthasintha kwake; Kuthekera kwake kutulutsa mawu osangalatsa amtundu wamtundu wa jazi mpaka kuphokosoka kwa rock kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa mtundu uliwonse kapena kaseweredwe kalikonse.
-Kumveka kwake kwa sonic ndikopambana: Kumveka kolimba kwa sonic kopangidwa ndi thupi la phulusa kumapereka chisamaliro chowoneka bwino komanso kumveka bwino mukamasewera ma toni oyera pamasinthidwe ocheperako komanso kutulutsa kophatikizika kwambiri mukamakankhira ma amps mwamphamvu pama voliyumu apamwamba.
-Ili ndi njere zowoneka bwino: Zojambula zowoneka bwino zambewu zomwe zimapezeka m'matupi olimba opangidwa kuchokera ku Northern White Ash zowala zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino popanda kusokoneza kamvekedwe kapena magwiridwe antchito. Mapangidwe ake odabwitsa a tirigu amathandizanso kuti pakhale kukhulupirika kwake.
Thupi la Ash
Phulusa ndi mtengo wamba wamba womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magitala amagetsi ndi ma acoustic. Phulusa nthawi zambiri limasankhidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera omwe amapanga toni toni. M'chigawo chino, tiwona maonekedwe a thupi la phulusa ndi momwe angakhudzire phokoso kapena kusewera kwa gitala.
Mbewu Chitsanzo
Mchitidwe wambewu wa phulusa ukhoza kusiyana malingana ndi ngati nkhuni zimachokera ku phulusa loyera kapena mtundu wakuda. Phulusa loyera limakonda kukhala ndi njere zosakhazikika, zotseguka pomwe njere za phulusa lakuda zimakhala zowongoka. Mosasamala za mitundu, sizingatheke kupeza chiwerengero chilichonse poyang'ana phulusa lozizira. Kufewa kwa phulusa kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe mtengowo ukukulira komanso zaka zake, koma nthawi zambiri umawonedwa kuti ndi wocheperako kuposa matabwa ena.
Kutengera mtundu wa phulusa lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga gitala, kumaliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa kuvala kudzakhudzanso mawonekedwe a tonewood iyi. Kutseguka kwa njere komabe kumapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zopepuka kukhala zowoneka bwino chifukwa izi zimawonetsa kukongola kwachilengedwe mowonekera kwambiri kudzera mukuthira mumtundu uliwonse kapena zolembera zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe chifukwa cha zaka kapena kakulidwe.
Kunenepa
Kulemera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira mtundu wa toni. Phulusa limakonda kukhala lopepuka ndipo chifukwa chake, limapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'matupi a gitala. Kulemera kopepuka kwa Ash kumalola osewera gitala kuyenda mozungulira siteji popanda kulemedwa ndi chida chawo, osapereka mphamvu zake. Kuonjezera apo, kulemera kochepa kumapangitsa kuti pakhosi ndi mutu wamutu zikhale zovuta kwambiri pamene mukusewera zovuta zala zala kapena nyimbo zokweza ndi zingwe zolemetsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale toni yabwino pamitundu yothamanga, yovuta monga jazi kapena nyimbo zakumayiko zomwe zimafuna kupsinjika kwambiri.
Kuchulukana kowuma kwa phulusa kumayambira 380-690 kg/m3 (23-43 lbs/ft3). Kusiyanasiyana pang'ono kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha zidutswa zosinthidwa zomwe zimapereka kuwala ndi kumveka bwino chifukwa cha kupepuka kwake, kapena kupanga kamvekedwe kamphamvu kwambiri posankha zidutswa zolemera zomwe zimakhala ndi resonance yosiyana poyerekeza ndi matabwa ena Opepuka.
Chifundo
Mkati mwazinthu zakuthupi, phulusa liri ndi mlingo wapakatikati wa porosity. Kawirikawiri, nkhuni ikakhala yochuluka kwambiri, imakhala yomvera kwambiri komanso imakhala yowala kwambiri. Mulingo wapakatikati wa porosity umapatsa nkhuni phulusa mawonekedwe olimba owoneka bwino. Imaperekanso kumveka kwa matabwa a tonewood ndipo imakhala ngati malo abwino kwambiri pakati pa matabwa ofewa ndi matabwa olimba omwe amapereka kumveka kwapadera ndi mawu. Chifukwa chake, imakonda kugwirizana ndi masitayelo ambiri a gitala lamayimbidwe ndi magetsi mwanjira yakeyake, kubweretsa palimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zamitundu yonseyi ya tonewoods.
Makhalidwe a Tonal a Phulusa
Phulusa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tonewood yamagitala amagetsi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera a tonal. Phulusa limadziwika popereka kamvekedwe koyenera ndi kuukira kosangalatsa kwa midrange komwe kuli koyenera nyimbo za rock kapena blues. Phokosoli limakhalanso lomveka bwino komanso lomveka bwino, lokhala ndi chithunzithunzi chodziwika bwino chomwe chili choyenera kumveka bwino komanso mawu otsogolera. Tiyeni tipite mozama ndikukambirana za tonal za phulusa mwatsatanetsatane.
kuwala
Phulusa limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake owala komanso olunjika. Ili ndi ma frequency amphamvu oyambira komanso kuukira kwapamwamba komwe kumalola kumveketsa bwino popanda kuwonjezera kwambiri pakati kapena kumapeto. Phulusa limatha kupanga bwino ndikukhazikika mwachangu, makamaka likaphatikizidwa ndi zithunzi zina.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya phulusa yomwe ilipo pamitengo ya gitala: hardMaple ndi softMaple. Mapulo olimba ali ndi njere zolimba komanso zolimba kuposa mapulo ofewa. Ilinso imodzi mwamitengo yolimba kwambiri yomwe ilipo, koma simabwera popanda chenjezo. Kuuma kwa nkhuni kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga, chifukwa zimafuna mphamvu zambiri panthawi ya mchenga ndi kumaliza njira kuti zitenge mawonekedwe ake. Kuphatikiza apo, mapulo olimba amatulutsa ma toni owala omwe amatha kutopa pakapita nthawi ngati sakuphatikizidwa ndi ma toni ofewa kuchokera kuzinthu zina monga. rosewood kapena mahogany.
Mapulo Ofewa ndi okhululuka kwambiri kutanthauza kuti amafunikira kupanga ndi kumaliza njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira ntchito kuposa mapulo olimba. Ngakhale kuti imakhala yonyezimira kwambiri kuposa mnzake wolimba, softmaple imapangabe ma toni owala omwe amawonekera muzosakaniza ndikusunga kutentha ndi kuya pamagulu otsika. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino pamawu omveka bwino kapena kungowonjezera kusiyana ndi mizere yapayekha pamayendedwe kapena kudzaza nyimbo yachimbale.
Sustain
Tonal, phulusa limadziwika chifukwa cha mawu ake okhazikika komanso omveka bwino. Pakatikati pa phulusa limapereka kutentha ndi kuwala kwafupipafupi. Mukamaimba nyimbo pa gitala yopangidwa ndi thupi la phulusa, palibe kulakwitsa kumveka bwino kwa noti iliyonse yomwe ikulira momveka bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chachikulu kwa osewera amene akufuna tanthauzo mu akanema awo.
Pakupindula kwakukulu, phulusa limagawana zofanana ndi mapulo; matabwa onsewa amatulutsa kuwala kofananako akapotozedwa ndipo amakhala omveka bwino chifukwa chokhuthala. Kumbali ina yopindula, phulusa limapereka mawu ofunda omwe ndi abwino kwambiri posewera mbali zoyera popanda kuzipangitsa kumva zowonda kwambiri kapena kutsitsa gitala lanu lonse.
Chofunikanso ndi ma tonal omwe amachokera ku chinthu chotchedwa "sustain decay" - mukangolemba, pafupifupi 15-20% ya zolembazo zidzafa mwamsanga panthawi yomwe timatcha "kuukira". Gawo lowukirali limatha kubweretsa chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa "dynamic support" pomwe 'kuwola'ku kumafalikira pakapita nthawi kuti apange mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a tonal ngati akumveka momveka bwino - lingalirani izi ngati chinthu chokulirapo kuposa mawonekedwe a vibrato wamba. pomwe zolemba zimapitilira kumveka pakapita nthawi m'malo mongozimiririka mwachangu kuchokera pamtundu wina monga momwe vibrato wamba ingachitire.
Chisoni
The amayimbidwe katundu wa phulusa akhoza bwino kufotokozedwa ngati resonant. Ndi nkhuni yopepuka yolimba yokhala ndi njere zolimba, malo otalikirana ambewu, komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kuphatikiza uku kumapereka mawonekedwe a phulusa a tonal omwe amathandizira kuti chiwongolero cha chidacho chikhalebe chopanda mphamvu kuposa zinthu zina monga zingwe. Momwemonso, matabwa amtunduwu ndi oyenererana ndi magitala amagetsi achikhalidwe kapena zida zolimba zomwe zimafunikira kukhazikika komanso kuyankha pama frequency osiyanasiyana.
Phulusa limatulutsa ma toni owala komanso omveka bwino chifukwa cha malo ake otalikirapo mbewu komanso kulemera kwake, zomwe zimathandiza kumveketsa bwino mafunde ake. Zinthu zonsezi zimaphatikizana kuti matabwawa akhale abwino popangira gitala chifukwa ma tonal ake amapereka kutentha, kukhazikika komanso kumveka bwino. Pamwamba pa izo, zikuwoneka bwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino a njere - matupi aphulusa olimba ndi ena mwamawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamapangidwe a gitala zaka zonse!
Ntchito Zabwino Kwambiri pa Ash Tonewood
Phulusa la tonewood ndi imodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamitengo ya tone yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zazingwe, makamaka magitala. Imadziwika ndi kamvekedwe kake kowala, kokwanira ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana. Mitengoyi imakhalanso yosavuta kugwira ntchito ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida zowoneka bwino komanso zomveka bwino. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za ntchito zabwino za phulusa tonewood.
Magetsi Ogalimoto
Magitala amagetsi opangidwa ndi thupi la phulusa amatha kutulutsa ma toni osiyanasiyana malinga ndi kusankha kwamatabwa. Phulusa litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu aukhondo komanso ofunda. Amawoneka kwambiri pamagitala amagetsi opangidwa ku United States.
Mitengo yodziwika kwambiri ya ku America yopangidwa ndi phulusa ndi phulusa la dambo, nkhuni yopepuka yokhala ndi njere zolimba komanso kumveka kwakukulu komwe kumalola kuti ipereke mawu ofunda. Ili ndi ma mids amphamvu, otsika otsika komanso okwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kusewera rock ndi blues. Zida zokhala ndi phulusa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi phokoso lotseguka, lokhala ndi mpweya wambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka m'matupi ang'onoang'ono koma opanda mayankho achilengedwe a zida zopanda pake.
Blonde ash tonewood imaperekanso mawonekedwe a sonic ofanana ndi phulusa la madambo. Komabe, chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwake komwe kumapereka mayankho olimba kwambiri a bass makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyezera zolemera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwa oimba mabasi omwe amafunikira kutsika kwambiri komanso mapamwamba owala. Ma gitala amtundu wa blonde amawonekanso apadera akagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza gitala lamagetsi - kulola opanga zida kupanga magitala owoneka bwino owoneka bwino.
Masewera Acoustic
Phulusa ndiloyenera kwambiri magitala omvera chifukwa chophatikizira matawuni osangalatsa, ofunikira komanso mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake. The kuuma kumapereka phulusa zabwino ndi ngakhale kuukira pamene akusewera acoustically; komabe, imatha kukhala yowala mopitilira muyeso ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga thupi la gitala. Kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino ma tonal awa, opanga magitala ena amaphatikiza phulusa ndi nkhuni zofewa kwambiri monga Sitka spruce kapena mahogany. Izi zimawonjezera kutentha ndi kuya kwa tonality ya chida.
Mapangidwe olimba a njere a Ash amapereka kumveka bwino, kutanthauzira komanso kumveka kwa kamvekedwe ka gitala kamene kamatha kukhala kosasinthasintha pakapita nthawi, makamaka ikasamalidwa bwino. Kapangidwe kameneka kolimba kameneka kamapangitsanso kukhala kokhazikika, kosagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndipo kumathandiza kuti zigawo zonse zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri kuposa tonewoods zina zambiri; Choncho, kupereka wosewera mpira bwino wonse mawu.
Ndi nkhuni yopepuka - kupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa magitala omvera chifukwa kulemera kumakhudza kukhazikika kwa chida komanso kukhazikika komanso kumveka bwino. Choyipa chimodzi ndi chakuti imatha kusweka mosavuta ngati sichinanyowe bwino - kuwapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka panthawi yozizira / yonyowa kusintha nyengo.
Magitala a Bass
Magitala a bass ndi oyenererana ndi phulusa la tonewood chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a sonic. Phulusa limakhala ndi kamvekedwe koyenera pama frequency onse, kutanthauza kuti likagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magitala a bass, limapereka chitsimikiziro chakumapeto ndi tanthauzo lapamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, m'munsi mwapakati - omwe "akusowa" kuchokera kumitengo ina ingapo - amapezeka bwino m'mabasi okhala ndi phulusa ndikupangitsa kuti phokoso lonse likhale losavuta. Pazonse, ndichifukwa chake Fender Precision Bass - pakati pa mabasi odziwika kwambiri amagetsi m'mbiri - yakhala ikugwirizana ndi phulusa la tonewood kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1951. kusunga osewera a bas kukhala amphamvu panthawi yayitali ya studio kapena masewera amoyo.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, phulusa ndi nkhuni yabwino yopangira magitala amagetsi chifukwa cha kamvekedwe kake kowoneka bwino, kamvekedwe kake kolimba, kapangidwe kake kolimba, komanso kulemera kochepa. Ndi njira yabwino ngati mukufuna chida chomwe chili ndi mawu omveka bwino, omveka bwino komanso owoneka bwino. Phulusa ndilosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kotero ndi njira yabwino kwa opanga magitala a DIY. Ponseponse, phulusa ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamagitala amagetsi ndi china chake choyenera kuganizira ngati muli pamsika wa zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi zatsopano.
Chidule cha Mapindu
Zowotcha zopepuka zimakhala zocheperako komanso kuchuluka kwa caffeine, pomwe zowotcha zakuda zimakhala zowawa komanso acidity yochepa. Zowotcha zapakati ndizodziwika kwambiri ku United States, pomwe zowotcha zapadziko lonse lapansi ndizo zakuda kwambiri. Chowotcha chilichonse chimakhala ndi mbiri yakeyake, ndipo ndikofunikira kuyesa kuti mupeze zomwe mumakonda.
Ponseponse, khofi ndi chakumwa chosunthika kwambiri chomwe chimakulolani kuti mufufuze mbiri yakukometsera kosiyanasiyana ndikupeza china chake chomwe chili choyenera kukoma kwanu. Kaya mumakonda kuwala ndi kufatsa kapena mdima komanso kwambiri, palibe yankho lolakwika pankhani yosankha zokonda zanu zowotcha.
Malangizo a Ash Tonewood
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti phulusa ndi nkhuni zolimba kuposa mitengo ina yotchuka monga mahogany. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamafunika mphamvu zambiri posema komanso amapereka kamvekedwe kowala chifukwa cha kuuma kowonjezera ndi mphamvu. Ngakhale ndizovuta, phulusa limatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamitengo yabwino kwambiri ya tone, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyenera kwa osewera ambiri.
Pankhani ya malingaliro, phulusa limagwira ntchito bwino kuphatikiza ndi zina matabwa opepuka monga mapulo kapena ndi matabwa olemera monga rosewood kapena ebony. Kuphatikizikako kumapangitsa wosewera mpira kukhala ndi ma toni osiyanasiyana osafunikira kusintha zidziwitso zawo kwathunthu, zomwe zitha kukhala zodula komanso zowononga nthawi.
Momwemo, ndi bwino kupeza matupi opangidwa ndi luthiers omwe amamvetsetsa kufunikira kwa mayendedwe ambewu pokhudzana ndi kupanga magitala. Nthawi zambiri, mumafuna njere zomwe zikuyenda motalika motsatira gitala kuti zigwirizane kwambiri ndi ma frequency a vibrational opangidwa podula chingwe molunjika panjira yake. Pamene kuyankhulana uku kumakulitsa ma frequency ena, zotsatira zake zimakhala mawu omveka bwino omwe amakana kukhala matope kapena osasunthika pamene manotsi aphatikizidwa pamodzi m'mawu.
Pomamatira ku malingaliro awa poganizira phulusa ngati tonewood kusankha kwanu, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti chida chanu chapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosewera wosangalatsa kwa zaka zambiri!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
