Antonio de Torres Jurado anali ndani? Antonio de Torres Jurado anali wa ku Spain lutha amene amaonedwa kuti ndi tate wa masiku ano gitala lachikale. Anabadwira ku La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería mu 1817, ndipo anamwalira ku Almería mu 1892.
Anabadwira ku La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería mu 1817 monga mwana wa wokhometsa msonkho Juan Torres ndi mkazi wake Maria Jurado. Anakhala ubwana wake ngati wophunzira wa kalipentala, ndipo adalembedwa usilikali mwachidule ali ndi zaka 16 bambo ake asanamuthandize kuti asamagwire ntchito chifukwa chodzinamiza kuti anali wosayenerera kuchipatala. Antonio wachinyamata nthawi yomweyo adakankhidwira m'banja ndi Juana María López wazaka 3, yemwe adamupatsa ana atatu. Mwa ana atatuwo, aŵiri omalizira anamwalira, kuphatikizapo Juana amene anamwalira pambuyo pake ali ndi zaka 3 ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB.
Zimakhulupirira (koma sizinatsimikizidwe) kuti mu 1842 Antonio Torres Jurado anayamba kuphunzira luso la kupanga gitala kuchokera kwa José Pernas ku Granada. Anabwerera ku Seville ndikutsegula shopu pomwe adapanga yake magitala. Kumeneko n’kumene anakumana ndi oimba ambiri ndi oimba nyimbo, amene anam’kakamiza kupanga magitala atsopano amene angagwiritse ntchito poimba. Mwamwayi, Antonio adalandira upangiri kuchokera kwa woyimba gitala ndi woyimba wotchuka Julián Arcas ndikuyamba ntchito yake yoyambira pa gitala yamakono.
Anakwatiranso mu 1868, ndipo anapitiriza kugwira ntchito ku Sevile mpaka 1870 pamene iye ndi mkazi wake anasamukira ku Almería kumene anatsegula china ndi crystal shopu. Kumeneko anayamba kugwira ntchito yomaliza komanso yotchuka kwambiri ya gitala, chitsanzo cha Torres. Anamwalira mu 1892, koma magitala ake amaimbabe mpaka pano.
Moyo ndi Cholowa cha Antonio Torres Jurado
Moyo Waubwana ndi Ukwati
Antonio Torres Jurado anabadwira ku La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería mu 1817. Iye anali mwana wa wokhometsa msonkho Juan Torres ndi mkazi wake Maria Jurado. Pausinkhu wa zaka 16, Antonio analembedwa usilikali, koma atate wake anakhoza kumtulutsa muutumiki monamizira kuti anali wosayenerera kuchipatala. Pasanapite nthawi, anakwatira Juana María López ndipo anabereka ana atatu, ndipo awiri mwa iwo anamwalira momvetsa chisoni.
Kubadwa kwa Gitala Yamakono Yamakono
Amakhulupirira kuti mu 1842, Antonio anayamba kuphunzira luso la kupanga gitala kuchokera kwa José Pernas ku Granada. Atabwerera ku Seville, adatsegula shopu yake ndikuyamba kupanga magitala ake. Pano, adakumana ndi oimba ambiri ndi olemba nyimbo omwe adamukakamiza kuti ayambe kupanga magitala atsopano. Analandira malangizo kuchokera kwa woyimba gitala ndi woimba wotchuka Julián Arcas nayamba ntchito yoimba gitala yamakono.
Mu 1868, Antonio anakwatiranso n’kusamukira ku Almería ndi mkazi wake, kumene anatsegula shopu yogulitsira zinthu zina ndi zopangira zinthu zina zopangira zinthu zopangira zinthu za kristalo. Apa, anayamba ntchito yaganyu yomanga magitala, yomwe anapitirizabe nthawi zonse mkazi wake atamwalira mu 1883. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zotsatira, adapanga pafupifupi magitala 12 pachaka mpaka imfa yake mu 1892.
Cholowa
Magitala opangidwa m'zaka zomaliza za Antonio ankawoneka kuti ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa gitala lina lililonse lomwe linapangidwa ku Spain ndi ku Ulaya panthawiyo. Mtundu wake wa gitala posakhalitsa unakhala maziko a magitala onse amakono, omwe amatsanzira ndikukopera padziko lonse lapansi.
Masiku ano, magitala amatsatirabe mapangidwe a Antonio Torres Jurado, kusiyana kokha ndi zipangizo zomangira. Cholowa chake chikukhalabe mu nyimbo zamasiku ano, ndipo chikoka chake pa mbiri ya nyimbo zamakono sichingatsutsidwe.
Antonio de Torres: Kupanga Cholowa Chokhazikika cha Gitala
Numeri
Kodi Torres mwiniyo adapanga zida zingati? Palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza, koma Romanillos akuyerekeza nambalayi pafupifupi magitala 320. Pakadali pano, 88 apezeka, ndipo angapo apezeka kuyambira pamenepo. Mphekesera zimati Torres adapanganso gitala lotha kutha lomwe limatha kuphatikizidwa ndikulekanitsidwa mphindi - koma lidalipodi? Kodi ndi chimodzi mwa zida 200+ zomwe zidawonongeka, kutayika, kapena kukhala zobisika?
Mtengo wa Tag
Ngati mungayesedwe kuyitanitsa gitala la Torres, khalani okonzeka kulipira madola masauzande ambiri. Zili ngati mitengo ya violin yopangidwa ndi Antonio Stradivari - ma violin ake osakwana 600 amakhalapo, ndipo amabwera ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Kusonkhanitsa magitala akale sikunayambe mpaka zaka za m'ma 1950, pamene msika wa violin akale wakhala wamphamvu kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Kotero, ndani akudziwa - mwinamwake tsiku lina tidzawona Torres akugulitsa ziwerengero zisanu ndi ziwiri!
The Music
Koma n’chiyani chimapangitsa zida zimenezi kukhala zapadera kwambiri? Kodi ndi mbiri yawo pakupanga gitala, chiyambi chawo, kapena luso lawo lopanga nyimbo zabwino? Zingakhale zophatikiza zonse zitatu. Arcas, Tárrega, ndi Llobet onse adakopeka ndi magitala a Torres chifukwa cha mawu awo, ndipo mpaka lero, omwe ali ndi makutu ophunzitsidwa amavomereza kuti Torres samamveka ngati gitala ina iliyonse. Wopenda ndemanga wina mu 1889 anafika ponena kuti inali “kachisi wa maganizo, Arcanum wochuluka amene amasuntha ndi kusangalatsa mtima wotuluka mu kuusa moyo kuchokera ku ulusi umene umaoneka ngati wosamalira nyimbo za nkhono.”
Sheldon Urlik, amene ali ndi magitala anayi a Torres m’gulu lake, akunena za mmodzi wa iwo kuti: “Kumvekera bwino kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu, kamvekedwe ka mawu, ndi kumveketsa bwino kwa nyimbo za gitala limeneli kumaoneka kukhala kozizwitsa.” Osewera awonanso momwe magitala a Torres ali osavuta kusewera, komanso momwe amamvera chingwe chikadulidwa - monga David Collett akunenera, "Magitala a Torres amakulolani kuganiza zinazake, ndipo gitala amachita."
Chinsinsi
Ndiye chinsinsi cha zida izi ndi chiyani? Onse a Antonios - Torres ndi Stradivari - adakwanitsa luso lomwe silingasinthidwe kwathunthu. Ma violin a Stradivari adaphunziridwa ndi ma x-ray, maikulosikopu a ma elekitironi, ma spectrometer, ndi kusanthula kwa dendrochronological, koma zotsatira zake zakhala zosagwirizana. Zida za Torres zidawunikidwanso chimodzimodzi, komabe pali china chake chomwe sichingathe kukopera. Torres mwiniyo anapereka maganizo ake pankhaniyi, ponena paphwando la chakudya chamadzulo kuti: “Sindigwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse zachinsinsi, koma ndimagwiritsa ntchito mtima wanga.”
Ndipo ndicho chinsinsi chenicheni kumbuyo kwa zida izi - chilakolako ndi kutengeka kumene kumapita pozipanga.
The Revolutionary Model ya Antonio de Torres Jurado
Chikoka cha Antonio Torres Jurado
Gitala waku Spain monga tikudziwira lero ali ndi ngongole zambiri kwa Antonio de Torres Jurado - zida zake zatamandidwa ndikuzindikiridwa ndi oimba magitala akuluakulu monga Francisco Tarraga, Federico Cano, Julian Arcas, ndi Miguel Llobet. Chitsanzo chake ndi choyenera kwambiri pa gitala la konsati, ndipo ndiye maziko opangira gitala lamtunduwu.
Moyo Woyambirira wa Antonio de Torres Jurado
Amakhulupirira kuti Antonio de Torres Jurado anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi kuphunzira kuimba gitala ndi Dionisio Aguado wotchuka pamene anali wamng'ono kwambiri. Mu 1835, anayamba kuphunzira ntchito ya ukalipentala. Anakwatira ndipo anali ndi ana anayi, atatu mwa iwo anamwalira momvetsa chisoni. Pambuyo pake, mkazi wake nayenso anamwalira atakhala paubwenzi wazaka 10. Patapita zaka zambiri, anakwatiwanso n’kukhala ndi ana ena anayi.
Cholowa cha Antonio de Torres Jurado
Cholowa cha Antonio de Torres Jurado akukhalabe ndi moyo kudzera munjira yake yosinthira gitala yaku Spain:
- Zida zake zatamandidwa ndikuzindikiridwa ndi ena mwa oimba magitala akuluakulu nthawi zonse.
- Chitsanzo chake ndi choyenera kwambiri pa gitala la konsati, ndipo ndi maziko opangira gitala lamtundu uwu.
- Anali ndi mwayi wophunzira kuchokera kwa Dionisio Aguado wotchuka pamene anali wamng'ono kwambiri.
- Adakumana ndi masoka ambiri m'moyo wake, koma cholowa chake chikhalabe ndi moyo.
Antonio de Torres Jurado: Mphunzitsi wa Woodcraft
Granada
Amakhulupirira kuti Antonio de Torres Jurado adakwaniritsa luso lake lopaka matabwa ku Granada, mumsonkhano wa Jose Pernas - wodziwika bwino wopanga gitala panthawiyo. Mitu ya magitala ake oyambirira imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi ya Pernas.
Seville
Mu 1853, Antonio de Torres Jurado adalengeza ntchito zake monga wopanga gitala ku Seville. Pachionetsero cha ntchito zamanja mumzinda womwewo, adapambana mendulo - kumubweretsera kutchuka komanso kuzindikirika ngati katswiri wa luthier.
Almeria
Anasamukira pakati pa Seville ndi Almeria, kumene anapanga gitala mu 1852. Anapanganso gitala yotchedwa "La Invencible" mu 1884, ku Almeria. Mu 1870, adabwerera ku Almeria kwamuyaya ndipo adapeza malo ogulitsira zadothi ndi magalasi. Kuchokera mu 1875 mpaka imfa yake mu 1892, iye ankaganizira kwambiri za kupanga gitala.
Mu 2013, Antonio de Torres Jurado Spanish Guitar Museum idapangidwa ku Almeria kulemekeza wopanga gitala wamkulu uyu.
Antonio de Torres 1884 "La Invencible" Guitar
Bambo wa Gitala Yamakono Yaku Spain
Antonio de Torres Jurado anali katswiri wa luthier wochokera ku Almeria, Spain yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi tate wa gitala yamakono ya ku Spain. Iye anasintha miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha kupanga gitala, kuyesa ndi kupanga njira zake kuti apange zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Luso lake komanso luso lake lopanga zinthu zidamupangitsa kukhala wamkulu pakati pa opanga magitala, ndipo magitala ake adayamikiridwa ndi ena mwa oimba magitala abwino kwambiri munthawi yake, monga Francisco Tárrega, Julián Arcas, Federico Cano, ndi Miquel Llobet.
1884 "La Invencible" Guitar
Gitala iyi ya 1884 inali imodzi mwa zidutswa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pagulu la woyimba gitala Federico Cano, yemwe adawonetsedwa mu International Exhibition ku Sevilla mu 1922. Anapangidwa ndi matabwa osankhidwa omwe sangapezeke lero, ndipo amakhala ndi zidutswa zitatu. spruce pamwamba, zidutswa ziwiri za rosewood yaku Brazil kumbuyo ndi mbali, ndi dzina lasiliva lokhala ndi monogram "FC" ndi dzina "La Invencible" (Wosagonjetseka).
Phokoso la Gitalali ndi Losayerekezereka
Phokoso la gitala limeneli ndi losayerekezeka. Ili ndi bass yozama modabwitsa, yotsekemera komanso yolowera katatu, komanso yokhazikika komanso yotalikirapo. Ma harmonics ake ndi matsenga oyera, ndipo kukangana kumakhala kofewa komanso kosavuta kusewera. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti gitala iyi imatchedwa National Heritage!
Kubwezeretsa
Pali ming'alu yautali kumbuyo ndi mbali za gitala, zina zomwe zidakonzedwa kale ndi master luthiers Ismael ndi Raúl Yagüe. Ming'alu yotsalayo ikonzedwa posachedwa, ndiyeno tidzatha kuwonetsa mphamvu zake zonse popanda kuwononga zingwe za gitala.
Zida
Magitala a Torres amadziwika ndi:
- Phokoso lolemera, lathunthu
- Kukongola kwaluso
- Makina apadera a fan bracing
- Zofunidwa kwambiri ndi osonkhanitsa ndi oimba.
FAQ
Kodi Antonio Torres adayambitsa bwanji gitala?
Antonio Torres Jurado adayambitsa gitala lamakono potenga magitala achikhalidwe cha ku Europe ndikuwapanga zatsopano, kutengera upangiri wochokera kwa woyimba gitala komanso woyimba wotchuka Julián Arcas. Anapitirizabe kukonza mapangidwe ake mpaka imfa yake mu 1892, ndikupanga ndondomeko ya magitala amakono amakono.
Ndani anali woimba woyamba kusangalala ndi kukondwerera magitala a Torres?
Julián Arcas anali woyamba woimba nyimbo kusangalala ndi kukondwerera magitala a Torres. Anapereka upangiri wa Torres womanga, ndipo mgwirizano wawo udasintha Torres kukhala wofufuza wakale wakale womanga gitala.
Kodi pali magitala angati a Torres?
Pali magitala ambiri a Torres, popeza mapangidwe ake adapanga ntchito ya aliyense wopanga gitala kuyambira pano ndipo akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi oimba akale masiku ano. Zida zake zidapangitsa kuti magitala a opanga ena asadagwire ntchito, ndipo adafunidwa ndi osewera magitala ofunikira ku Spain.
Kodi Antonio Torres anachita chiyani kuti gitala limveke bwino?
Antonio Torres adapanga mawonekedwe ofananirako a bolodi lamawu a gitala, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yayikulu komanso yocheperako ndi mafani akulimbitsa mphamvu. Anatsimikiziranso kuti chinali pamwamba, osati kumbuyo ndi mbali za gitala zomwe zinapatsa chidacho phokoso lake, pomanga gitala ndi nsana ndi mbali za papier-mâché.
Kutsiliza
Antonio de Torres Jurado anali katswiri wa luthier yemwe adasintha momwe magitala amapangidwira ndikusewera. Anali mmisiri waluso yemwe adapanga zida zodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Cholowa chake chikukhalabe mpaka pano ngati magitala ake, omwe amaseweredwabe ndi oimba ena odziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Chikoka chake pa dziko la gitala ndi chosatsutsika ndipo cholowa chake chidzapitilira kulimbikitsa mibadwo ikubwera. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za Antonio de Torres Jurado ndi ntchito yake yodabwitsa, pali zambiri zomwe zilipo pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake, musazengereze kulowa mkati ndikuwona dziko la luthier lodabwitsali!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
