Qee tus ntawm koj yuav tau hnov txog ribbon microphones, tab sis cov ntawm koj uas nyuam qhuav pib tuaj yeem tseem xav tias, "Qhov ntawd yog dab tsi?"
Ribbon microphones yog ib hom microphone uas siv ib tug nyias aluminium los yog steel ribbon es tsis txhob ntawm a diaphragm los hloov suab nthwv dej rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Lawv paub txog lawv lub suab sib txawv thiab muaj peev xwm SPL siab.
Cia peb dhia dej rau hauv keeb kwm thiab thev naus laus zis thiab tshawb nrhiav qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws ribbon microphones ntawm niaj hnub nim no thiab lawv yuav ua li cas haum rau hauv koj qhov kev teeb tsa.
Dab tsi yog ribbon microphones?
Ribbon microphones yog ib hom microphone uas siv cov nyias nyias los yog duraluminum nanofilm ribbon muab tso rau ntawm ob tug ncej ntawm ib tug hlau nplaum los tsim ib tug voltage los ntawm electromagnetic induction. Lawv feem ntau yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias lawv khaws cov suab sib npaug ntawm ob sab. Ribbon microphones muaj qhov tsawg resonant zaus ntawm ib ncig ntawm 20Hz, piv rau cov feem ntau resonant zaus ntawm diaphragms nyob rau hauv niaj hnub zoo microphones, uas muaj li ntawm 20Hz mus rau 20kHz. Ribbon microphones yog cov muag heev thiab kim, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub tau ua rau qee yam niaj hnub ribbon microphones ruaj dua.
kev pab cuam:
• Lub teeb ribbon nrog me ntsis nro
• Tsawg resonant zaus
• Zoo heev zaus teb nyob rau hauv nominal ntau yam ntawm tib neeg hnov (20Hz-20kHz)
• Bidirectional xaiv qauv
• Muaj peev xwm raug teeb tsa rau cardioid, hypercardioid, thiab cov qauv sib txawv
• Muaj peev xwm ntes tau cov ntsiab lus ntau zaus
• Cov zis hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tshaj li cov theem dynamic microphones
• Yuav siv tau nrog cov khoom sib tov uas muaj lub zog phantom
• Muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov khoom siv nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim thiab cov khoom siv
Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm ribbon microphones?
Ribbon microphones muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab nthuav dav. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov 1920s los ntawm Drs Walter H. Schottky thiab Erwin Gerlach. Hom microphone no siv lub nyias nyias los yog duraluminum nanofim ribbon muab tso rau ntawm tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum los tsim ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm electromagnetic induction. Ribbon microphones feem ntau yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias lawv khaws cov suab sib npaug los ntawm ob qho kev qhia.
Xyoo 1932, RCA Photophone Hom PB-31s tau siv hauv xov tooj cua City Music Hall, cuam tshuam rau kev kaw suab thiab tshaj tawm kev lag luam. Xyoo tom ntej, 44A tau tso tawm nrog lub suab nrov tswj los pab txo qis kev rov qab los. RCA ribbon qauv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij suab.
Nyob rau hauv 1959, lub iconic BBC Marconi Hom ribbon microphone yog tsim los ntawm BBC Marconi. ST&C Coles PGS Pressure Gradient Single yog tsim los rau BBC daim ntawv thov thiab tau siv rau kev hais lus thiab kev hais kwv txhiaj symphony.
Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Beyerdynamic tau tshaj tawm M-160, haum nrog lub microphone me me. Qhov no tau tso cai rau 15-ribbon microphones los ua ke los tsim cov qauv kev coj ua zoo heev.
Niaj hnub nimno ribbon microphones yog tam sim no ua nrog cov hlau nplaum zoo dua thiab cov hloov pauv tau zoo, tso cai rau cov qib tso zis ntau dua li cov theem dynamic microphones. Ribbon microphones kuj tseem pheej yig, nrog cov qauv Suav tsim los ntawm RCA-44 thiab qub Soviet Oktava ribbon microphones muaj.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, UK-based Stewart Taverner Tuam Txhab Xaudia tau tsim Beeb, hloov kho vintage Reslo ribbon microphones rau lub suab zoo dua thiab kev ua tau zoo, nrog rau kev tso zis ntau ntxiv. Microphones siv ribbon ntsiab nrog muaj zog nanomaterials kuj muaj, muab kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub teeb liab purity thiab tso zis theem.
Ribbon Microphones ua haujlwm li cas?
Ribbon Velocity Microphone
Ribbon velocity microphones yog ib hom microphone uas siv cov txhuas txhuas los yog duraluminum nanofilm ribbon muab tso rau ntawm tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum los tsim cov hluav taws xob los ntawm electromagnetic induction. Lawv feem ntau yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias lawv khaws cov suab sib npaug ntawm ob sab. Lub microphone qhov rhiab heev thiab khaws cov qauv yog bidirectional. Lub ribbon velocity microphone yog saib raws li ib tug liab dot txav ntawm tus ncej ntawm ib tug txav coil microphone lub diaphragm, uas yog txuas mus rau lub teeb, movable kauj uas generates ib tug voltage thaum nws tsiv rov qab los ntawm tus ncej ntawm ib tug mus tas li hlau nplaum.
Ribbon Microphones Bidirectional
Ribbon microphones feem ntau yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias lawv khaws cov suab sib npaug ntawm ob sab ntawm lub microphone. Lub microphone rhiab heev thiab qauv yog bidirectional, thiab thaum saib los ntawm sab, lub microphone zoo li ib tug liab dot.
Ribbon Microphones Lub Teeb Hlau Ribbon
Ribbon microphones yog ib hom microphone uas siv cov nyias nyias los yog duraluminum nanofilm ua ib qho hluav taws xob conductive ribbon muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum los tsim cov hluav taws xob los ntawm electromagnetic induction.
Ribbon Microphones Voltage Proportional Velocity
Lub diaphragm ntawm lub ribbon microphone txuas nrog lub teeb, txav tau lub kauj uas ua rau muaj qhov hluav taws xob thaum nws txav mus los ntawm cov ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov. Ribbon microphones feem ntau yog ua los ntawm lub teeb hlau ribbon, feem ntau yog corrugated, tshem tawm ntawm tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Raws li cov ribbon vibrates, ib tug voltage yog induced ntawm txoj cai kaum mus rau lub magnetic teb kev taw qhia thiab khaws los ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub ribbon. Ribbon microphones tseem hu ua velocity microphones vim hais tias qhov induced voltage yog proportional to the speed of the ribbon in the air.
Ribbon Microphones Voltage Proportional Displacement
Tsis zoo li txav coil microphones, qhov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm ribbon microphone yog proportional rau qhov tshaj tawm ntawm ribbon nyob rau hauv lub magnetic teb, es tsis yog qhov chaw ntawm huab cua. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo dua ntawm ribbon microphone, raws li nws yog ntau sib dua li lub diaphragm thiab muaj ib tug qis resonant zaus, feem ntau hauv qab 20Hz. Qhov no yog qhov sib piv rau cov zaus resonant zaus ntawm diaphragms nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub zoo microphones, uas nyob ntawm 20Hz-20kHz.
Niaj hnub nimno ribbon microphones muaj zog ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem tuav cov suab paj nruag nrov nrov ntawm theem. Lawv kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv lub peev xwm los ntes cov ntsiab lus ntau zaus, sib piv rau cov condenser microphones. Ribbon microphones kuj paub txog lawv lub suab, uas yog kev txhoj puab heev thiab nkig nyob rau hauv qhov siab kawg zaus spectrum.
Txawv
Ribbon microphones vs dynamic
Ribbon thiab dynamic microphones yog ob hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm microphones siv hauv kev lag luam suab. Ob hom microphones muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Ntawm no yog ib qho kev tsom xam qhov tob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ribbon thiab dynamic microphones:
• Ribbon microphones yog rhiab tshaj li dynamic microphones, txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem khaws cov suab sib txawv hauv lub suab.
• Ribbon microphones muaj lub suab zoo dua, thaum lub microphones dynamic zoo li muaj suab nrov dua.
• Ribbon microphones yog qhov yooj yim dua li cov microphones dynamic thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas ntau dua thaum tuav.
• Ribbon microphones feem ntau kim dua li cov microphones dynamic.
• Ribbon microphones yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem khaws lub suab ntawm ob sab pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum ntawm lub microphone, thaum lub microphones dynamic feem ntau yog unidirectional.
• Ribbon microphones feem ntau yog siv los kaw cov cuab yeej, thaum lub microphones dynamic yog siv los kaw suab.
Hauv kev xaus, ribbon thiab dynamic microphones muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau txiav txim siab txog daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thaum txiav txim siab hom microphone siv.
Ribbon microphones vs condenser
Ribbon thiab condenser microphones muaj qhov sib txawv hauv lawv cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nov yog qee qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob:
• Ribbon microphones siv cov hlua hlau nyias uas raug tshem tawm ntawm ob lub hlau nplaum los tsim cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Condenser microphones siv lub diaphragm nyias txuas nrog lub teeb, txav tau los ua kom muaj qhov hluav taws xob thaum nws txav mus los ntawm cov ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
• Ribbon microphones yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias lawv khaws suab sib npaug ntawm ob sab, thaum condenser microphones feem ntau yog unidirectional.
• Ribbon microphones muaj tsawg zaus resonant dua li condenser microphones, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 20 Hz. Condenser microphones feem ntau muaj cov zaus resonant nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm tib neeg hnov, ntawm 20 Hz thiab 20 kHz.
• Ribbon microphones muaj qhov hluav taws xob qis dua li cov condenser microphones, tab sis cov ribbon microphones niaj hnub no tau txhim kho cov hlau nplaum thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo uas tso cai rau lawv cov qib tso zis ntau dua cov theem dynamic microphones.
• Ribbon microphones yog muag heev thiab kim, thaum niaj hnub condenser microphones muaj zog dua thiab siv tau rau cov suab paj nruag nrov nrov ntawm theem.
• Ribbon microphones tau txais txiaj ntsig rau lawv lub peev xwm los ntes cov ntsiab lus ntau zaus, thaum lub condenser microphones paub txog lawv lub suab yog kev txhoj puab heev thiab nkig nyob rau hauv high zaus spectrum.
FAQ txog ribbon microphones
Puas ribbon mics tawg yooj yim?
Ribbon mics yog muag heev thiab kim, tab sis niaj hnub tsim thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau ua rau lawv ruaj khov dua. Thaum cov laus ribbon mics tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj yooj yim, niaj hnub ribbon mics yog tsim los ua kom muaj zog dua. Nov yog qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog thaum nws los txog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ribbon mics:
• Ribbon mics yog qhov muag heev dua li lwm hom mics, tab sis cov qauv tsim thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub tau ua rau lawv ruaj khov dua.
• Cov ribbon mics qub tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj yooj yim yog tias tsis ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis cov ribbon mics niaj hnub no tau tsim kom muaj zog dua.
• Ribbon mics yog tsim los siv rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev ua yeeb yam nyob, studio kaw, thiab daim ntawv thov tshaj tawm.
• Ribbon mics tsis pom zoo siv rau hauv suab nrov nrov, pob zeb-style suab paj nruag, vim hais tias lub suab nrov siab tuaj yeem ua rau lub caij ribbon puas.
• Ribbon mics yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas, vim tias lawv yog cov mos mos thiab tuaj yeem puas tau yooj yim yog tias tsis ua haujlwm zoo.
• Ribbon mics yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb, qhuav thiab tsis txhob raug kub los yog av noo.
• Ribbon mics yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau cov cim qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj, xws li cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov khoom siv los yog kev sib txuas xoob.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, ribbon mics yog qhov muag heev tab sis niaj hnub tsim thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau ua rau lawv ruaj khov dua. Thaum cov laus ribbon mics tuaj yeem yooj yim puas, niaj hnub ribbon mics yog tsim los kom muaj zog dua thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua cov ribbon mics nrog kev saib xyuas thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb, qhuav.
Puas yog ribbon mics zoo chav mics?
Ribbon mics yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau chav mics. Lawv muaj lub suab tshwj xeeb uas feem ntau piav qhia tias sov thiab du. Nov yog qee qhov zoo ntawm kev siv ribbon mics rau chav mics:
• Lawv muaj ntau zaus teb, uas ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev ntes tag nrho cov suab hauv ib chav.
• Lawv yog cov rhiab heev thiab tuaj yeem khaws cov nuances hauv suab.
• Lawv tsis tshua muaj kev tawm tswv yim dua li lwm hom mics.
• Lawv muaj lub suab nrov qis, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cov suab nrov tom qab tsis xav tau.
• Lawv muaj lub suab ntuj uas feem ntau piav raws li "vintage".
• Lawv kuj pheej yig dua piv rau lwm hom mics.
• Lawv muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus kev ua neej nyob.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, ribbon mics yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau chav mics. Lawv muaj ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv. Lawv kuj tseem pheej yig thiab tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom nqi. Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ib chav mic zoo, xav txog lub ribbon mic.
Vim li cas ribbon mics suab tsaus?
Ribbon mics paub txog lawv lub suab tsaus, uas yog vim li cas lawv feem ntau siv los kaw cov twj paj nruag xws li guitar thiab suab. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj vim li cas ribbon mics suab tsaus:
• Cov ribbon nws tus kheej yog nyias thiab hnav, yog li nws muaj qhov tsawg resonant zaus thiab cov lus teb qeeb qeeb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua rau txoj hlua los teb rau lub suab, ua rau lub suab tsaus, ntau lub suab.
• Ribbon mics feem ntau yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias lawv khaws suab sib npaug ntawm ob sab. Qhov no ua rau lub suab zoo dua, tab sis kuj yog qhov tsaus dua.
• Ribbon mics feem ntau yog tsim los nrog tus qauv qis impedance, uas txhais tau tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntau zaus ntau npaum li lwm hom mics. Qhov no ua rau lub suab tsaus.
• Ribbon mics feem ntau yog rhiab dua li lwm hom mics, yog li lawv khaws ntau ntawm chav tsev ambience thiab reflections, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab tsaus.
• Ribbon mics kuj paub txog lawv lub peev xwm los ntes cov kev hloov maj mam hauv lub suab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab tsaus thiab ntau dua nuanced.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, ribbon mics paub txog lawv lub suab tsaus, uas yog vim li cas lawv feem ntau siv los kaw cov twj paj nruag xws li guitar thiab suab. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lawv qhov tsawg resonant zaus, bidirectional tuaj tos qauv, tsis tshua muaj impedance tsim, rhiab heev, thiab muaj peev xwm mus ntes subtle nuances tag nrho ua rau lawv lub suab tsaus.
Puas yog ribbon mics nrov?
Ribbon mics tsis yog suab nrov, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias tsis siv kom raug. Nov yog qee yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab nrov ribbon mic:
• Cov preamps tsim tsis zoo: Yog tias cov preamps siv los nthuav cov teeb liab los ntawm lub ribbon mic tsis tau tsim kom zoo, lawv tuaj yeem qhia suab nrov rau hauv lub teeb liab.
• Cov kab hluav taws xob tsis zoo: Cov kab hluav taws xob tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua kom muaj suab nrov rau hauv lub teeb liab, raws li kev sib txuas tsis zoo.
• Kev nce qib siab: Yog tias qhov nce siab dhau lawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb liab tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj suab nrov.
• Cov khoom siv ribbon tsim tsis zoo: Cov khoom siv ribbon tsim tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab nrov, raws li kev siv cov khoom tsis zoo.
• Lub cev microphone tsim tsis zoo: lub cev microphone tsim tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab nrov, raws li kev siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias koj lub ribbon mic tsis nrov, nco ntsoov tias koj siv cov preamps zoo, cables, thiab microphone lub cev, thiab qhov nce tau raug teeb tsa kom raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv ribbon tsim tau zoo thiab ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo.
Puas yog ribbon mic xav tau lub preamp?
Yog, ribbon mic xav tau preamp. Preamps yog tsim nyog los txhawb lub teeb liab los ntawm ribbon mic mus rau qib siv tau. Ribbon mics paub txog lawv cov qib qis qis, yog li lub preamp yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Nov yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv lub preamp nrog lub ribbon mic:
• Ua kom lub teeb liab-rau-nruab sib piv: Preamps tuaj yeem pab txo cov suab nrov hauv lub teeb liab, ua rau lub suab kom meej thiab meej dua.
• Txhim kho dynamic ntau yam: Preamps tuaj yeem pab ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb liab, tso cai rau kev nthuav tawm ntau dua.
• Lub taub hau nce ntxiv: Preamps tuaj yeem pab ua kom lub taub hau ntawm lub teeb liab, ua kom lub taub hau ntau dua thiab muaj suab nrov.
• Txhim kho qhov pom tseeb: Preamps tuaj yeem pab txhim kho qhov pom tseeb ntawm lub teeb liab, ua kom lub suab zoo dua qub thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam.
• Ua kom rhiab heev: Preamps tuaj yeem pab ua kom lub suab rhiab heev ntawm lub teeb liab, tso cai rau kom hnov ntau dua nuances.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev siv lub preamp nrog lub ribbon mic tuaj yeem pab txhim kho lub suab zoo thiab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub mic lub peev xwm. Preamps tuaj yeem pab ua kom lub teeb liab-rau-suab nrov piv, dynamic ntau yam, headroom, clarity, thiab rhiab heev ntawm lub teeb liab, ua rau nws suab zoo dua thiab nthuav dav.
Kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb
Tube Microphones: Tube mics zoo ib yam li ribbon mics nyob rau hauv uas lawv ob leeg siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum los ua kom cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Tube mics feem ntau kim tshaj li ribbon mics thiab muaj lub suab sov dua, zoo dua qub.
Phantom Fais Fab: Phantom fais fab yog ib hom fais fab mov siv rau lub hwj chim condenser thiab ribbon mics. Nws feem ntau yog muab los ntawm lub suab interface lossis tov khoom thiab tsim nyog rau lub mic ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov npe nrov ribbon mic hom
Royer Labs: Royer Labs yog lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv ribbon microphones. Founded hauv 1998 los ntawm David Royer, lub tuam txhab tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam ribbon microphone. Royer Labs tau tsim ntau yam khoom tshiab, suav nrog R-121, ib qho classic ribbon microphone uas tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam kaw. Royer Labs kuj tau tsim lub SF-24, lub tso suab ribbon microphone, thiab SF-12, dual-ribbon microphone. Lub tuam txhab tseem tsim cov khoom siv ntau yam, xws li kev poob siab thiab lub tshuab cua, los pab tiv thaiv ribbon microphones los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Rode: Rode yog Australian cov cuab yeej siv suab nrov uas tsim ntau lub microphones, suav nrog ribbon microphones. Founded hauv 1967, Rode tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam microphone, tsim ntau yam khoom siv rau kev tshaj lij thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Rode's ribbon microphones suav nrog NT-SF1, stereo ribbon microphone, thiab NT-SF2, ib lub microphone dual-ribbon. Rode kuj tsim ntau yam khoom siv, xws li kev poob siab mounts thiab windscreens, los pab tiv thaiv ribbon microphones los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
xaus
Ribbon microphones yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev kaw suab thiab tshaj tawm, muab lub suab tshwj xeeb thiab nthuav dav dav. Lawv kuj pheej yig thiab ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem tsim nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim thiab cov khoom siv. Nrog txoj kev saib xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas zoo, ribbon microphones tuaj yeem yog qhov zoo ntxiv rau txhua qhov teeb tsa. Yog li yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav rau lub suab tshwj xeeb, xav txog muab ribbon microphones sim!
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Neaera thiab tus neeg lag luam cov ntsiab lus, txiv, thiab nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab nrog guitar ntawm lub siab ntawm kuv txoj kev mob siab rau, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg, Kuv tau tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm blog txij li xyoo 2020. los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus thiab cov lus qhia guitar.
