Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones yog cov siv nyob rau hauv lub suab kaw thiab nyob lub suab reproduction los khaws ambient suab, transients thiab tag nrho cov khoom xyaw. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv nruas kaw kom ua tiav ib duab tso suab ntawm cov khoom siv nruas tag nrho, nrog rau kev kaw suab paj nruag los tsim kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov suab paj nruag los yog ib qho pawg hu nkauj.
Yog li, cia saib seb lub microphone overhead yog dab tsi thiab nws siv li cas. Ntxiv rau, qee cov lus qhia txog kev xaiv qhov zoo rau koj.
Nkag siab txog Overhead Microphones: Phau Ntawv Qhia Kom Paub
Ib qho nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphone yog ib hom microphone uas nyob saum cov twj paj nruag lossis cov neeg ua yeeb yam kom ntes tau lub suab ntawm qhov deb. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev kaw suab thiab txhawb nqa lub suab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv nruas, hu nkauj, thiab orchestras.
Dab tsi ntawm Overhead Microphone Koj Yuav Tsum Xaiv?
Thaum xaiv lub microphone overhead, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov hauv qab no:
- Nyiaj siv: Cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones ntau yam los ntawm tus nqi pheej yig mus rau cov qauv high-end uas raug nqi ntau txhiab daus las.
- Hom: Muaj ntau hom overhead microphones, suav nrog condenser thiab dynamic microphones.
- Chav: Xav txog qhov loj thiab acoustics ntawm chav tsev uas koj yuav kaw lossis ua yeeb yaj kiab.
- Cov cuab yeej siv: Qee qhov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones zoo dua rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
- Filmmaking lossis Live Sound: Sab nraud microphones rau lub koob yees duab, drones, thiab DSLR koob yees duab txawv ntawm cov uas siv rau lub suab txhawb zog.
Piv txwv ntawm Cov Nyiaj Siv Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws Microphones
Qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones muaj nyob hauv khw suav nrog:
- Audio-Technica AT4053B
- Shure KSM137/SL
- AKG Pro Audio C414 XLII
- Sennheiser e614 ua
- Neeb KM 184
Overhead Microphone Positioning
Overhead microphones yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa lub nruas. Qhov chaw ntawm cov microphones no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ntes qhov sib npaug ntawm lub suab los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv nruas. Hauv seem no, peb yuav tham txog ntau txoj hauv kev thiab cov tswv yim siv rau kev tso nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphone.
Qhov deb thiab qhov chaw
Qhov kev ncua deb thiab qhov chaw ntawm overhead microphones tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub suab ntawm cov khoom siv nruas. Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev siv los ntawm engineers:
- Qhov Chaw Ua Haujlwm: Ob lub microphones muab tso rau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub nruas nruas, tig mus rau ntawm cov khoom siv.
- Coincident Pair: Ob lub microphones muab tso ze ua ke, kaum ntawm 90 degrees, thiab tig downwards ntawm cov khoom siv.
- Tus Txheej Txheem Kev Sau Npe: Ob lub microphones muab tso rau saum cov khoom siv, nrog rau ib lub mic nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub nruas nruas thiab lwm lub mic tso rov qab, hla lub nruas lub taub hau.
- Glyn Johns Txoj Kev: Plaub lub microphones muab tso rau ib ncig ntawm cov khoom siv nruas, nrog ob lub overheads tso rau saum lub cymbals thiab ob lub microphones ntxiv muab tso ze rau hauv pem teb, tsom rau lub snare thiab bass nruas.
Kev nyiam ntawm tus kheej thiab cov txheej txheem
Qhov kev tso kawm ntawm overhead microphones feem ntau yog raws li tus kheej nyiam thiab lub suab tshwj xeeb uas tus kws ua haujlwm tau sim ua kom tiav. Nov yog qee cov txheej txheem ntxiv uas cov engineers siv tau:
- Rub lossis thawb lub microphones kom ze los yog deb ntawm cov khoom siv los kho qhov sib npaug ntawm lub suab.
- Aiming lub microphones rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv, xws li lub snare lossis tom nruas.
- Siv cov microphones taw qhia kom ntes cov duab dav dua lossis ntau qhov chaw tso suab.
- Kev ncua cov microphones hauv pawg, xws li Decca Tree kev npaj lossis kev teeb tsa orchestral, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov qhab nia zaj duab xis.
Kev siv lub mloog pob ntseg
Ib qho ntawm feem nrov siv rau overhead microphones yog kaw nruas. Muab tso rau saum cov khoom siv nruas, nyiaj siv ua haujlwm mics ntes tag nrho lub suab ntawm cov khoom siv, muab qhov dav thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub suab. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias txhua qhov ntsuas tau zoo sib npaug hauv qhov sib tov. Condenser microphones feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau hom kev kaw lus no, vim tias lawv muaj ntau zaus thiab suab zoo heev. Qee lub npe nrov los xav txog thaum yuav khoom siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm rau lub nruas kaw suav nrog Rode, Shure, thiab Audio-Technica.
Sau Cov Cuab Yeej Acoustic
Overhead microphones kuj tau siv los sau cov suab paj nruag xws li guitars, pianos, thiab cov hlua. Muab tso rau saum lub ntsuas, cov mics no tso cai rau lub ntuj thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm lub suab, txhim kho tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Condenser microphones feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau hom kev kaw lus no thiab, vim tias lawv muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab khaws lub suab kom raug. Qee lub npe nrov los xav txog thaum mus yuav khoom rau mics nyiaj siv ua haujlwm rau kev kaw suab paj nruag suav nrog Rode, Shure, thiab Audio-Technica.
Nyob Suab Txhawb Zog
Overhead microphones kuj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa lub suab. Muab tso rau saum cov theem, lawv tuaj yeem ntes tag nrho lub suab ntawm pawg lossis pawg, muab qhov dav thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub suab. Dynamic microphones feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau hom ntawv thov no, vim tias lawv tau tsim los tswj cov suab nrov siab thiab tsis tshua muaj suab nrov tsis xav tau. Qee lub npe nrov los xav txog thaum yuav khoom siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm rau lub suab txhawb nqa muaj xws li Shure, Audio-Technica, thiab Sennheiser.
Yeeb yaj duab tsim
Overhead microphones kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntes cov suab zoo rau kev sib tham thiab lwm lub suab. Muab tso rau ntawm tus ncej boom lossis sawv ntsug, lawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau saum cov neeg ua yeeb yam lossis cov ncauj lus kom muab lub suab meej thiab meej. Condenser microphones feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau hom ntawv thov no, vim tias lawv muaj ntau zaus thiab suab zoo heev. Qee lub npe nrov los xav txog thaum mus yuav khoom rau mics nyiaj siv ua haujlwm rau kev tsim yeeb yaj kiab suav nrog Rode, Audio-Technica, thiab Sennheiser.
Xaiv Txoj Cai Overhead Mic
Thaum xaiv lub microphone nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, muaj ntau yam yuav tsum xav txog, suav nrog hom microphone, qhov loj thiab pob nyiaj siv ntawm lub microphone, thiab cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv thov. Qee qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib thaum mus yuav khoom rau cov mics nyiaj siv ua haujlwm suav nrog:
- Dav ntau zaus
- Qhov tseeb khaws lub suab
- Tsawg suab
- Ntau yam kev xaiv tso kawm
- Nqis tus nqi taw tes
Qee lub npe nrov los xav txog thaum yuav khoom siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm xws li Rode, Shure, Audio-Technica, thiab Sennheiser. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua koj cov kev tshawb fawb thiab nyeem cov kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lwm tus neeg txhawm rau nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyiaj siv ua haujlwm mic rau koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Hom Overhead Microphones
Condenser microphones paub txog lawv qhov rhiab heev thiab raug, ua rau lawv xaiv zoo rau kev ntes cov ntsiab lus thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm cov cuab yeej acoustic. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv txawv designs thiab feature txawv pickup qauv, nrog rau cardioid, omnidirectional, thiab daim duab-yim. Qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws condenser mics rau kev sau nyiaj siv ua haujlwm suav nrog:
- Rode NT5: Cov txheej txheem pheej yig ntawm qhov sib txuam condenser mics muaj cov lus teb dav dav thiab hloov pauv tau siab dhau los kom txo qis tsis xav tau suab nrov. Lawv yog cov zoo meej rau lub nruas overheads, guitar amps, thiab solo ua yeeb yam.
- Shure SM81: Qhov no legendary condenser mic paub txog nws qhov tshwj xeeb nthuav dav thiab meej, ua rau nws xaiv rau kev kaw suab nkauj thiab ua yeeb yam nyob. Nws nta ib tug cardioid pickup qauv thiab ib tug switchable low-frequency yob-off los txhim kho tag nrho cov suab zoo.
- Suab-Technica AT4053B: Qhov no ntau yam condenser mic nta peb cov tshuaj hloov pauv tau (cardioid, omnidirectional, thiab hypercardioid) kom tso cai rau cov qauv sib txawv thiab qhov sib thooj. Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev ntes cov suab, nruas, thiab cov cuab yeej acoustic nrog qhov tseeb thiab yooj yim.
Dynamic Microphones
Dynamic microphones paub txog lawv cov kav ntev thiab pheej yig, ua rau lawv xaiv zoo rau kev ua yeeb yam nyob thiab lub nruas nyiaj siv ua haujlwm. Lawv tsis tshua muaj siab dua li cov condenser mics, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tswj cov suab nrov siab yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws dynamic mics rau kev sau nyiaj siv ua haujlwm suav nrog:
- Shure SM57: Qhov no iconic dynamic mic paub txog nws ntau yam thiab durability, ua rau nws ib tug staple nyob rau hauv tej lub suab paj nruag cov cuab yeej. Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev ntes lub suab ntawm guitar amps, nruas, thiab lwm yam twj paj nruag nrog kev ua tau zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha.
- Sennheiser e604: Qhov no compact dynamic mic yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau lub nruas overheads, nrog ib tug clip-on tsim uas tso cai rau kom yooj yim tso thiab ib tug cardioid pickup qauv uas cais lub nruas suab los ntawm lwm yam twj paj nruag. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nyiaj thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua yeeb yam nyob thiab kev kaw studio.
- AKG Pro Audio C636: Qhov no high-end dynamic mic nta ib tus qauv tsim tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau kev tawm tswv yim tshwj xeeb tsis lees paub thiab teb ntau zaus. Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev ntes cov nuances ntawm lub suab thiab cov cuab yeej acoustic nrog lub suab nplua nuj thiab ntxaws.
Xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws Drum Overhead Microphones
Thaum nws los txog rau xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws nruas nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones, koj yuav tsum xav txog koj cov peev nyiaj thiab kev xav tau. Muaj ntau ntau hom nyiaj siv ua haujlwm mics muaj nyob hauv khw, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig. Qee qhov kim dua lwm tus, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab npaum li cas koj txaus siab siv ua ntej yuav khoom.
Nkag siab txog ntau hom nyiaj siv ua haujlwm Microphones
Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones: condenser thiab dynamic. Condenser microphones yog cov rhiab heev thiab muaj lub suab zoo dua, thaum lub microphones dynamic tsis tshua muaj siab thiab zoo dua ntawm kev tuav lub suab siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom microphones ua ntej txiav txim siab.
Xav txog Lub Hom Phiaj thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Thaum xaiv lub nruas overhead microphone, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog lub hom thiab nyeem cov kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm lwm tus neeg siv. Qee lub khw muag khoom tau suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam, thaum lwm tus yuav muab tus nqi zoo dua rau tus nqi. Kev tshuaj xyuas kev nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj lub tswv yim zoo txog yuav ua li cas ib lub microphone ua tau zoo nyob rau ntau qhov xwm txheej.
Tshawb nrhiav kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tsim kho
Thaum xaiv lub nruas overhead microphone, koj xav nrhiav ib qho uas muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tsim kho. Lub microphone zoo yuav tsum tuaj yeem khaws tag nrho cov nuances ntawm cov cuab yeej ua si, thiab yuav tsum muaj lub suab zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub microphone yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov thiab ua kom ntev.
Xaiv hom Microphone rau koj hom thiab hom
Ntau hom suab paj nruag xav tau ntau hom microphones. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom ntaus suab paj nruag pob zeb, koj yuav xav tau lub microphone uas hnyav dua thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub suab siab. Yog tias koj tab tom ua si jazz lossis classical suab paj nruag, koj yuav xav tau lub microphone uas nruab nrab ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem ntes cov kev hloov maj mam ntawm cov twj paj nruag ua si.
Xav txog Phantom Power thiab XLR Connections
Feem ntau cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones xav tau lub zog phantom los ua haujlwm, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau ntsaws rau hauv lub tov khoom lossis lub suab sib txuas uas tuaj yeem muab lub zog no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias koj lub tov khoom lossis lub suab interface muaj lub zog phantom ua ntej yuav lub microphone. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones siv cov kev sib txuas XLR, yog li xyuas kom tseeb tias koj lub tov khoom lossis lub suab interface muaj XLR inputs.
Tsis txhob ntshai sim txawv microphones
Thaum kawg, tsis txhob ntshai sim sib txawv microphones kom pom qhov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj rau koj. Txhua tus ntaus nruas thiab txhua lub tshuab nruas sib txawv, yog li dab tsi ua haujlwm rau ib tus neeg yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau lwm tus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav tau lub microphone uas ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab suab zoo nrog koj cov cuab yeej.
xaus
Yog li, nyob ntawd koj muaj nws - txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub txog nyiaj siv ua haujlwm microphones.
Koj tuaj yeem siv lawv los sau cov nruas, hu nkauj, orchestras, thiab txawm guitars thiab pianos. Lawv kuj tau siv hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev tsim yeeb yaj kiab los ntes cov suab zoo rau kev sib tham. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai mus overhead!
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Neaera thiab tus neeg lag luam cov ntsiab lus, txiv, thiab nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab nrog guitar ntawm lub siab ntawm kuv txoj kev mob siab rau, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg, Kuv tau tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm blog txij li xyoo 2020. los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus thiab cov lus qhia guitar.
