Dab tsi yog digital audio? Nws yog ib lo lus nug ntau ntawm peb tau nug peb tus kheej ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus, thiab nws tsis yog lus teb yooj yim.
Digital audio yog ib qho kev sawv cev ntawm lub suab hauv cov hom ntawv digital. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev khaws cia, tswj xyuas, thiab xa cov suab paj nruag hauv daim ntawv digital uas tsis yog ib qho analog. Nws yog ib qho kev nce qib loj hauv audio technology.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, kuv yuav piav qhia tias lub suab digital yog dab tsi, nws txawv li cas ntawm cov suab analog, thiab nws tau hloov pauv li cas peb kaw, khaws, thiab mloog suab.
Txheej txheem cej luam
Digital Audio yog dab tsi?
Cov suab digital hais txog kev sawv cev ntawm lub suab hauv hom digital. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub suab tsis tau hloov mus rau hauv cov lej uas tuaj yeem khaws cia, tswj hwm, thiab xa mus siv cov thev naus laus zis digital.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Digital Audio Generated?
Cov suab digital yog tsim los ntawm kev coj cov qauv ntsuas ntawm lub suab nrov analog ntawm lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua. Cov qauv no yog tom qab ntawd sawv cev ua cov lej, uas tuaj yeem khaws cia thiab tswj tau siv cov thev naus laus zis digital.
Dab tsi yog Qhov Zoo ntawm Digital Audio?
Kev muaj cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tau txo cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev kaw suab thiab faib suab paj nruag. Qhov no tau ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam ywj pheej los qhia lawv cov suab paj nruag nrog lub ntiaj teb. Cov ntawv kaw suab digital tuaj yeem muab faib thiab muag raws li cov ntaub ntawv, tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev cov ntawv luam xws li cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntawv kaw lus. Cov neeg siv khoom tau txais cov kev pabcuam streaming nrov xws li Apple Music lossis Spotify muab kev nkag mus ib ntus rau cov sawv cev ntawm ntau lab nkauj.
Lub Evolution ntawm Digital Audio: Ib nyuag Keeb Kwm
Los ntawm Mechanical Waves mus rau Digital Signatures
- Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov suab digital tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau xyoo pua 19th thaum cov khoom siv tshuab xws li tin thiab wax cylinders tau siv los sau thiab rov qab suab.
- Cov thooj voos kheej kheej no tau ua tib zoo engraved nrog cov grooves uas sib sau ua ke thiab ua tiav cov kev hloov pauv huab cua hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuab tsis muaj zog.
- Lub advent ntawm gramophones thiab tom qab ntawd, cassette tapes, ua rau nws ua tau rau cov neeg mloog kom txaus siab rau suab paj nruag yam tsis tas yuav mus koom nyob ua yeeb yam.
- Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg tau txwv thiab lub suab feem ntau distorted los yog ploj thaum lub sij hawm.
BBC Kev sim thiab yug ntawm Digital Audio
- Nyob rau xyoo 1960, BBC tau pib sim nrog lub tshuab xa tawm tshiab uas txuas nws qhov chaw tshaj tawm mus rau cov chaw nyob deb.
- Qhov no yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov cuab yeej tshiab uas tuaj yeem ua cov suab hauv txoj kev yooj yim dua thiab ua tau zoo.
- Cov kev daws teeb meem tau pom nyob rau hauv kev siv cov suab digital, uas ua rau siv cov lej sib cais los sawv cev rau cov kev hloov pauv huab cua nyob rau lub sijhawm.
- Qhov no tau ua rau kev khaws cia ruaj khov ntawm lub xeev qub ntawm lub suab, uas yav tas los tsis tuaj yeem tau txais, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem qis.
- BBC's digital audio system tau ua raws li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm daim ntawv nthwv dej, uas tau ua piv txwv ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib txhiab zaug ib ob thiab muab ib qho cim binary code.
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub suab no tau ua rau tus kws tshaj lij los tsim lub suab qub los ntawm kev tsim lub cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem nyeem thiab txhais cov lej binary.
Kev nce qib thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv Digital Audio
- Kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj digital audio recorder nyob rau xyoo 1980s tau cim ib kauj ruam loj heev rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub suab digital.
- Qhov no analog-to-digital converter khaws lub suab nyob rau hauv ib tug digital hom uas yuav tau txais kev cawmdim thiab manipulated nyob rau hauv computers.
- VHS daim kab xev tom qab txuas ntxiv cov qauv no, thiab cov suab digital tau siv dav hauv kev tsim suab paj nruag, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab TV.
- Kev nce qib thev naus laus zis tas li thiab kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua hauv cov suab digital tau coj mus rau kev tsim cov nthwv dej sib txawv ntawm kev ua suab thiab cov txheej txheem khaws cia.
- Niaj hnub no, digital audio kos npe yog siv los khaws thiab txheeb xyuas cov suab hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas ib zaug tsis tuaj yeem tau txais, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau lub suab tsis zoo uas yav tas los ua tsis tau.
Digital Audio Technologies
Cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv thiab khaws cia
Cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas peb kaw thiab khaws suab. Qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws technologies suav nrog:
- Hard disk kaw: Suab kaw thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub hard drive, tso cai rau kev kho kom yooj yim thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv suab.
- Digital audio tape (DAT): Ib hom ntawv kaw lus digital uas siv daim kab xev sib nqus los khaws cov ntaub ntawv suab.
- CD, DVD, thiab Blu-duab tshav discs: Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag no tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv audio digital ntau thiab feem ntau siv rau kev faib suab paj nruag thiab video.
- Minidisc: Ib qho me me, portable disc hom uas tau nrov hauv xyoo 1990 thiab thaum ntxov 2000s.
- Super Audio CD (SACD): Ib hom suab nrov uas siv cov disc tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg uas ua ntawv kom ua tiav lub suab zoo dua li cov CDs.
Playback Technologies
Cov ntaub ntawv suab digital tuaj yeem ua si rov qab siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis, suav nrog:
- Khoos phib tawj: Cov ntaub ntawv suab digital tuaj yeem raug ntaus rov qab rau hauv computers siv media player software.
- Digital audio players: Portable li iPods thiab smartphones tuaj yeem rov qab cov ntaub ntawv suab digital.
- Workstationdigital audio workstations: Professional audio software siv rau kev kaw, kho, thiab sib xyaw cov suab.
- Standard CD players: Cov players no tuaj yeem rov qab cov txheej txheem audio CDs, uas siv cov thev naus laus zis digital.
Kev Tshaj Tawm thiab Xov Tooj Cua Technologies
Cov thev naus laus zis digital kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tshaj tawm thiab xov tooj cua. Qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws technologies suav nrog:
- Xov tooj cua HD: Lub xov tooj cua digital uas tso cai rau lub suab zoo dua thiab cov yam ntxwv ntxiv xws li cov ntaub ntawv nkauj thiab cov kws kos duab.
- Mondiale: Tus qauv xov tooj cua digital tshaj tawm siv nyob hauv Europe thiab lwm qhov hauv ntiaj teb.
- Kev tshaj tawm xov tooj cua digital: Ntau lub xov tooj cua tam sim no tshaj tawm hauv hom digital, tso cai rau lub suab zoo dua thiab ntxiv cov yam ntxwv zoo li cov ntaub ntawv nkauj thiab cov kws kos duab.
Suab hom thiab zoo
Cov ntaub ntawv suab digital tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv ntau hom, suav nrog:
- MP3: Ib tug compressed suab hom uas yog dav siv rau suab paj nruag faib.
- WAV: Ib hom ntawv uas tsis muaj suab nrov uas feem ntau siv rau kev siv suab nrov.
- FLAC: Ib hom suab tsis zoo uas muab lub suab zoo yam tsis muaj kev txi cov ntaub ntawv loj.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov suab digital yog ntsuas los ntawm nws qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab qhov tob. Qhov siab dua qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab qhov tob, lub suab zoo dua. Qee qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab qhov tob muaj xws li:
- 16-ntsis / 44.1kHz: CD zoo suab.
- 24-ntsis / 96kHz: Cov suab nrov.
- 32-ntsis / 192kHz: Studio-zoo suab.
Kev siv ntawm Digital Audio Technologies
Digital audio technologies muaj ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog:
- Ua suab paj nruag zoo meej: Cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tso cai rau kev tswj hwm cov suab nrov thiab qhov zoo, ua rau nws ua tau kom ua tiav lub suab zoo meej hauv cov chaw hais lus nyob.
- Cov neeg ua yeeb yam ywj pheej: Cov thev naus laus zis digital tau ua rau cov kws ua yeeb yam ywj pheej sau thiab faib lawv cov suab paj nruag yam tsis xav tau daim ntawv teev npe.
- Xov tooj cua thiab tshaj tawm: Digital audio technologies tau tso cai rau lub suab zoo dua thiab cov yam ntxwv ntxiv hauv xov tooj cua thiab tshaj tawm.
- Zaj duab xis thiab yees duab ntau lawm: Digital audio technologies yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis thiab video tsim los sau thiab kho cov suab lem.
- Kev siv tus kheej: Cov thev naus laus zis digital tau ua kom yooj yim rau tib neeg los tsim thiab qhia lawv tus kheej cov suab paj nruag thiab cov suab kaw.
Digital Sampling
Sampling yog dab tsi?
Sampling yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov suab paj nruag lossis lwm yam suab nrov rau hauv hom digital. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev noj cov suab nrov tsis tu ncua ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb thiab hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv digital. Qhov ntev ntawm cov snapshots no txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov suab digital.
Yuav ua li cas Sampling ua haujlwm
Sampling suav nrog cov software tshwj xeeb uas hloov cov suab paj nruag analog rau hauv hom digital. Lub software siv snapshots ntawm lub suab ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, thiab cov snapshots no tau hloov mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv digital. Cov suab digital uas tau tshwm sim tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv ntau qhov nruab nrab xws li discs, hard drives, lossis txawm tias rub tawm los ntawm Is Taws Nem.
Sampling Rate thiab Zoo
Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv suab nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas tus nqi, uas yog tus naj npawb ntawm snapshots coj ib ob. Qhov siab dua qhov piv txwv, qhov zoo dua ntawm cov suab digital. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi piv txwv siab dua kuj txhais tau hais tias ntau qhov chaw raug coj mus rau hauv qhov nruab nrab cia.
Compression thiab hloov dua siab tshiab
Txhawm rau kom haum cov ntaub ntawv audio loj mus rau qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab lossis rub tawm hauv Is Taws Nem, compression feem ntau siv. Compression suav nrog xaiv qee yam frequencies thiab harmonics los tsim cov qauv soundwave, tawm ntau chav wiggle rau lub suab tiag tiag recreated. Cov txheej txheem no tsis zoo tag nrho, thiab qee cov ntaub ntawv poob hauv cov txheej txheem compression.
Kev siv Sampling
Sampling yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, xws li tsim suab paj nruag, suab los, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv video ntau lawm. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov suab digital rau FM xov tooj cua, camcorders, thiab txawm tias qee yam canon lub koob yees duab versions. Kev kuaj pom pom zoo rau kev siv ib yam nkaus, tab sis rau kev siv tseem ceeb, qhov kev ntsuas siab dua raug pom zoo.
interfaces
Dab tsi yog audio interfaces?
Suab interfaces yog cov khoom siv uas hloov cov suab analog ntawm lub microphones thiab cov cuab yeej rau hauv cov teeb liab digital uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm software ntawm lub computer. Lawv kuj tseem xa cov suab digital los ntawm lub computer mus rau lub mloog pob ntseg, studio saib, thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Muaj ntau ntau hom suab interfaces muaj, tab sis feem ntau thiab universal hom yog cov USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface.
Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau lub suab interface?
Yog tias koj tab tom khiav suab software hauv koj lub computer thiab xav kaw lossis rov qab suab zoo, koj yuav xav tau lub suab interface. Feem ntau cov khoos phis tawj muaj lub built-in audio interface, tab sis cov no feem ntau zoo nkauj yooj yim thiab tsis muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lub suab sab nraud interface yuav muab rau koj zoo suab zoo, ntau inputs thiab outputs, thiab ntau tswj koj lub suab.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb versions ntawm lub interfaces?
Qhov tseeb versions ntawm lub interfaces muaj nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom siv suab paj nruag. Lawv pheej yig heev hnub no thiab koj tuaj yeem thawb tawm cov khoom qub sai sai. Pom tseeb, qhov nrawm dua koj xav mus yuav khoom, qhov nrawm tshaj plaws koj tuaj yeem pom qhov tseeb versions ntawm lub interfaces.
Digital Audio Quality
Introduction
Thaum nws los txog rau digital audio, qhov zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov sawv cev digital ntawm cov cim suab tau ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua sampling, uas suav nrog kev noj cov cim analog tsis tu ncua thiab hloov lawv mus rau qhov muaj nuj nqis. Cov txheej txheem no tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas peb ntes, tswj hwm, thiab rov tsim lub suab, tab sis nws kuj coj cov kev cov nyom tshiab thiab kev txiav txim siab rau lub suab zoo.
Sampling thiab Frequencies
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab digital yog kev ntes thiab sawv cev suab raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lej, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab ua tiav siv cov ntawv thov software. Qhov zoo ntawm cov suab digital nyob ntawm seb qhov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas sawv cev rau lub suab qub. Qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi piv txwv, uas yog tus naj npawb ntawm lub sij hawm ib ob uas lub analog teeb liab ntsuas thiab hloov mus rau hauv ib tug digital teeb liab.
Cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no feem ntau siv cov qauv piv txwv ntawm 44.1 kHz, uas txhais tau hais tias cov teeb liab analog tau txais 44,100 zaug ib ob. Qhov no yog tib tus qauv siv rau CDs, uas yog ib qho nruab nrab rau kev faib cov suab digital. Cov nqi piv txwv siab dua, xws li 96 kHz lossis 192 kHz, kuj muaj thiab tuaj yeem muab tau zoo dua, tab sis lawv kuj xav tau ntau qhov chaw cia thiab ua lub zog.
Digital Signal Encoding
Thaum cov teeb liab analog tau raug kuaj, nws tau nkag mus rau hauv lub teeb liab digital siv cov txheej txheem hu ua pulse-code modulation (PCM). PCM sawv cev rau qhov amplitude ntawm lub teeb liab analog ntawm txhua qhov piv txwv raws li tus lej tus nqi, uas tom qab ntawd muab khaws cia ua cov lej binary (ntsis). Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv los sawv cev rau txhua tus qauv txiav txim siab qhov tob me ntsis, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov suab digital.
Piv txwv li, CD siv qhov tob me ntsis ntawm 16 khoom, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev rau 65,536 qhov sib txawv amplitude. Qhov no muab qhov sib txawv ntawm kwv yees li 96 dB, uas txaus rau feem ntau qhov chaw mloog. Ntau qhov tob me ntsis, xws li 24 khoom lossis 32 khoom, tuaj yeem muab qhov zoo dua thiab muaj zog ntau yam, tab sis lawv kuj xav tau ntau qhov chaw cia thiab ua lub zog.
Digital Audio Manipulation
Ib qho ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov suab digital yog lub peev xwm los tswj thiab ua cov teeb liab siv software siv. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog kev kho, sib xyaw, siv cov teebmeem, thiab simulating ib puag ncig sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov suab digital.
Piv txwv li, siv qee qhov teebmeem lossis kev hloov pauv rau lub suab teeb liab tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis zoo lossis qhia cov khoom cuav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog cov kev txwv thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov software siv, nrog rau cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project suab.
Independent Music Production nrog Digital Audio
Los ntawm Chunky Decks mus rau cov khoom pheej yig
Ploj mus yog cov hnub thaum kaw suab paj nruag ua haujlwm txhais tau tias kev nqis peev hauv chunky decks thiab khoom kim heev. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov suab digital, cov neeg ua yeeb yam ywj pheej thoob ntiaj teb tam sim no tuaj yeem ua suab paj nruag hauv lawv lub tsev studios txhua hnub. Qhov muaj cov khoom siv pheej yig tau hloov pauv kev lag luam suab paj nruag, tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov kws ntaus nkauj uas tam sim no tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej suab paj nruag yam tsis muaj kev tawg.
Nkag siab Digital Audio Quality
Cov suab digital yog ib txoj hauv kev kaw suab nrov raws li cov ntaub ntawv digital. Qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab tus qauv tus nqi ntawm cov suab digital cuam tshuam rau lub suab zoo. Nov yog keeb kwm luv luv ntawm yuav ua li cas digital audio zoo tau hloov zuj zus ntau xyoo:
- Nyob rau hauv cov hnub thaum ntxov ntawm cov suab digital, cov qauv nqi qis, ua rau lub suab tsis zoo.
- Raws li thev naus laus zis txhim kho, cov qauv piv txwv tau nce, ua rau lub suab zoo dua.
- Niaj hnub no, cov suab zoo digital yog qhov siab kawg, nrog rau cov qauv ntsuas thiab qhov tob me ntsis uas raug ntes cov suab nrov.
Sau thiab ua cov suab Digital
Txhawm rau sau cov suab digital, cov kws ntaus nkauj siv cov keyboards ib leeg, cov cuab yeej virtual, software synthesizers, thiab FX plugins. Cov txheej txheem kaw yuav hloov pauv cov teeb liab analog rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv digital siv analog-rau-digital converters. Cov ntaub ntawv digital yog tom qab ntawd khaws cia ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub computer. Qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw.
Latency thiab Production
Latency yog qhov ncua sij hawm ntawm lub suab thiab nws cov kev ua haujlwm. Hauv suab paj nruag tsim, latency tuaj yeem ua teeb meem thaum sau cov kab ntau lossis cov kav. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob latency, cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag cia siab rau qis-latency audio interfaces thiab processors. Cov ntaub ntawv digital cov cim tau ua tiav los ntawm lub voj voog, uas tsim cov duab waveform ntawm lub suab. Cov duab waveform no yog tom qab ntawd rov tsim dua ua suab los ntawm cov khoom siv playback.
Distortions thiab Dynamic Range
Cov suab digital muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm siab, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tuaj yeem raug ntes tag nrho cov suab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov suab digital kuj tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm distortions, xws li clipping thiab quantization distortion. Clipping tshwm sim thaum lub teeb liab input tshaj lub taub hau ntawm lub digital system, uas ua rau distortion. Quantization distortion tshwm sim thaum lub kaw lus digital tawm ntawm lub teeb liab kom haum rau hauv ntu ntu, ua rau pom qhov tsis raug ntawm qee lub sijhawm.
Social Distribution Platforms
Nrog rau kev nce ntawm cov kev faib tawm hauv zej zog, cov kws ua suab paj nruag ywj pheej tam sim no tuaj yeem faib lawv cov suab paj nruag rau cov neeg tuaj saib thoob ntiaj teb yam tsis tas yuav muaj daim ntawv teev npe. Cov platforms no tso cai rau cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag upload lawv cov suab paj nruag thiab qhia rau lawv cov hauv qab no. Kev ywj pheej ntawm kev faib suab paj nruag tau tsim lub kiv puag ncig thev naus laus zis tiag tiag, muab cov suab paj nruag muaj kev ywj pheej los tsim thiab qhia lawv cov suab paj nruag rau lub ntiaj teb.
xaus
Yog li ntawd koj muaj nws, txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub txog digital audio nyob rau hauv ib tug nutshell. Cov suab digital yog qhov sawv cev ntawm lub suab raws li cov lej tsis sib xws, tsis yog lub cev tsis tu ncua.
Cov suab digital tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas peb kaw, khaws cia, tswj hwm, thiab mloog nkauj. Yog li, tsis txhob ntshai mus dhia dej thiab txaus siab rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no!
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Neaera thiab tus neeg lag luam cov ntsiab lus, txiv, thiab nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab nrog guitar ntawm lub siab ntawm kuv txoj kev mob siab rau, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg, Kuv tau tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm blog txij li xyoo 2020. los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus thiab cov lus qhia guitar.
