He aha ka uhf? Ua lohe mua paha ʻoe a noʻonoʻo he aha ia.
ʻO ke alapine ultra kiʻekiʻe (UHF) ka inoa ITU no nā lekiō uila ma waena o 300 MHz a me 3 GHz, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka band decimeter e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hawewe mai hoʻokahi a ʻumi decimeters. E hāʻule nā hawewe lekiō me nā alapine ma luna o ka pūʻulu UHF i ka SHF (frequency kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe) a i ʻole ka laulā microwave. Hāʻule nā hōʻailona alapine haʻahaʻa i ka VHF (ke alapine kiʻekiʻe loa) a i ʻole nā kaha haʻahaʻa. Hoʻolaha nui nā nalu lekiō UHF ma ka laina o ka ʻike; Ua ālai ʻia lākou e nā puʻu a me nā hale nui ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana ma o nā pā hale he kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻokipa i loko. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hoʻolaha kīwī, kelepona kelepona ʻole, walkie-talkies, lawelawe lekiō pilikino i ka leka uila, kelepona kelepona a me nā noi ʻē aʻe he nui. Ho'ākāka ka IEEE i ka pūna radar UHF ma ke ʻano he alapine ma waena o 300 MHz a me 1 GHz. ʻElua mau pūʻali radar IEEE ʻē aʻe e uhi ana i ka pūna ITU UHF: ʻo ka pūʻali L ma waena o 1 a me 2 GHz a me ka pūna S ma waena o 2 a me 4 GHz.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e wehewehe wau i ka uhf, pehea e hana ai, a me kekahi o kāna mau hoʻohana. No laila, e hoʻomaka kākou!
Nā ʻano hoʻolaha o nā hawewe lekiō UHF
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolaha e pili ana i ke ala e holo ai nā hawewe lekiō ma ka lewa a pili pū me ke kaiapuni. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻano no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hana ʻana nā pūnaewele ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio kūpono.
Pehea e holo ai nā hawewe UHF?
ʻO nā nalu UHF, e like me nā hawewe lekiō a pau, hele i ka lewa me ka wikiwiki o ka māmā. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like me nā hawewe HF haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hawewe UHF e ka ionosphere a no laila ua kaupalena ʻia i ke kamaʻilio laina o ka ʻike. 'O ia ho'i, hiki wale i nā nalu UHF ke holo ma ka laina pololei a ke'ake'a 'ia e nā 'a'ai e like me nā hale, nā pu'u, a me nā lā'au.
Ka Mana a me ka Volume
He liʻiliʻi ka mana a me ka leo o nā nalu UHF i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hawewe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hōʻailona UHF ke komo i nā mea pale a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke keakea ʻana mai nā mea uila ʻē aʻe e hana ana ma ka pūʻulu alapine like.
Nā ʻano ʻano o ke Kanal Sweep a me ka Frequency
Loaʻa i nā nalu UHF kahi kānana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano alapine. ʻO ia ke ʻano he haiki a hiki ke kākoʻo i kahi bandwidth liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio uila UHF no nā kamaʻilio pilikino a hiki ke kaʻana like, e like me nā walkie-talkies, nā microphones uʻi ʻole, a me nā mea mana mamao.
Anania
ʻO nā Antenna nā mea e hiki ai ke hoʻouna a loaʻa i nā hōʻailona. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma kahi lōʻihi, ma waena o nā hale, a ma nā wahi pilikia. Hana nā Antenna ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hōʻailona uila i nā hawewe electromagnetic a me ka hope. Lawe ʻia nā hōʻailona ma ka lewa, a loaʻa a hoʻouna paha i ka antenna.
Nā ʻano Antenna
Aia nā ʻano antenna like ʻole i loaʻa i ka mākeke, a ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēlā me kēia no kahi kumu kikoʻī. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano antenna maʻamau:
- Nā Antenna Omnidirectional: Hoʻouna a loaʻa kēia mau antenna i nā hōʻailona ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hōʻailona lekiō a me ke kīwī.
- Directional Antennas: Hoʻouna a loaʻa kēia mau antenna i nā hōʻailona ma kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou no ke kamaʻilio kelepona ʻana a ma nā hoʻonohonoho kahi e koi ʻia ai kahi hōʻailona ikaika.
- Dipole Antennas: He maʻalahi kēia mau antenna a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻonohonoho. Loaʻa iā lākou ma nā hoʻonohonoho ʻepekema liʻiliʻi a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona ma kahi mamao.
- Dish Antennas: Ke hoʻohana nei kēia mau antenna i kahi reflector parabolic e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa o ka antenna. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no ke kamaʻilio satelite a ma nā hoʻonohonoho kahi e koi ʻia ai kahi hōʻailona ikaika.
UHF vs. VHF Antennas
ʻO ke koho ma waena o nā antenna UHF a me VHF e pili ana i ke alapine o ka hōʻailona a me ka laulā e pono ai. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā antenna UHF a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma kahi mamao. He ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā antenna VHF a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma kahi lōʻihi.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka hana Antenna
Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻopili i ka hana o kahi antenna, me:
- ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka antenna: ʻO kahi antenna kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai i ka hoʻokipa hōʻailona maikaʻi aʻe a me ka lawe ʻana.
- ʻO ke kihi o ka antenna: Hiki i ke kihi o ka antenna ke hoʻopili i ka manawa o ke keakea a me ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻailona.
- ʻO ka naʻau o ka antenna: ʻO kahi antenna koʻikoʻi e hiki ai i ka hoʻokipa hōʻailona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
- ʻO ka mana o ka hōʻailona: ʻO kahi hōʻailona ʻoi aku ka ikaika e hiki ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona maikaʻi.
- Ka laina o ka ʻike: Pono ka antenna i kahi laina ʻike maopopo i ka hale kiaʻi hoʻouna a loaʻa paha.
- Ka hoʻonohonoho: Pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka antenna ma kahi kūpono e hiki ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka hoʻokipa ʻana.
- Ka wai i loko o ka lewa: Hiki i ka wai ke hoʻopilikia i ka hōʻailona a hoʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻailona.
Antenna Loaʻa a me dB
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Antenna kahi ana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika hōʻailona i hāʻawi ʻia e ka antenna. Ua ana ʻia ma nā decibels (dB). Hāʻawi kahi antena kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o kahi antenna loaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Nā ʻano ʻano Simplex a me Duplex
ʻO ke ʻano Simplex kahi ʻano kamaʻilio kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai ka hōʻailona a loaʻa i ka alapine like. ʻO ke ʻano Duplex kahi ʻano kamaʻilio kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai ka hōʻailona a loaʻa i nā alapine like ʻole.
Nā Antenna Repeater
Hoʻohana ʻia nā antenna repeater e hoʻonui i ka laulā o kahi hōʻailona. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi hōʻailona nāwaliwali a hoʻouna hou iā ia i kahi mana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka laulā o ka hōʻailona.
noi
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo UHF i nā noi kamaʻilio like ʻole ma muli o kāna mau pono ma mua o VHF. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana nui o UHF i ke kamaʻilio:
- Palekana Lehulehu: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF no ka kamaʻilio palekana lehulehu, me nā mākaʻi, ke ahi, a me nā lawelawe lapaʻau pilikia. ʻAe ʻo UHF i ke kamaʻilio pōkole, kūpono ia no nā wahi kūlanakauhale kahi e hiki ai i nā hale ke keʻakeʻa i nā hōʻailona. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻōnaehana radio Trunked no ka ʻae ʻana i nā keʻena he nui e kaʻana like i nā kaha alapine like.
- Nā kelepona paʻalima: Hoʻohana ʻia nā alapine UHF i nā kelepona paʻalima, me nā pūnaewele GSM a me UMTS. Hāʻawi kēia mau pūnaewele i ka hoʻouna leo a me ka ʻikepili, a me nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe e like me ka leka uila a me ka ʻike pūnaewele.
- Pūnaehana uila: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF i nā ʻuena uila, me Wi-Fi a me Bluetooth. Hiki i kēia mau pūnaewele ke hoʻohui i nā mea me ka ʻole o ke kaula a i ʻole ke kaula.
- Kūkākūkā Satellite: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF no ke kamaʻilio ukali, me ka GPS a me nā kelepona ukali. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kamaʻilio ma nā wahi mamao kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai nā ʻano kamaʻilio kuʻuna.
Nā ho'olaha'ana
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF i ka hoʻolaha ʻana, me ke kīwī a me ka lekiō. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana nui o UHF i ka hoʻolaha ʻana:
- Television: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF no ka hoʻolaha kīwī kikohoʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kahawai ma mua o ka hoʻolaha analog. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo UHF no ka hoʻolaha kīwī wehewehe kiʻekiʻe (HDTV).
- Lekiō: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF no ka lekiō amateur, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lekiō ham. Hāʻawi kēia i ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā mea lekiō amateur me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alapine UHF. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF no nā kelepona ʻole a me nā kelepona DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications).
Koa a me ke Aupuni
Hoʻohana ʻia ka UHF e ka pūʻali koa a me ke aupuni no nā kumu like ʻole, e like me:
- Kūkākūkā ʻāina: Hoʻohana ʻia ka UHF no ke kamaʻilio ʻāina, me ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā kahua kaua a me nā keʻena aupuni.
- Radar a me ka nānā ʻana: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF i nā radar a me nā ʻōnaehana nānā, me ka ʻenehana stealth.
- Kūkākūkā Satellite: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF no ke kamaʻilio satelite e ka pūʻali koa a me ke aupuni.
Nā noi noi ʻē aʻe
He nui nā noi ʻē aʻe o UHF, me:
- Lekiō pilikino: Hoʻohana ʻia ka UHF i nā lekiō pilikino, me nā lekiō hele wāwae a me nā lekiō ʻelua ala. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea hana i nā hana waho e like me ka hoʻomoana a me ka hele wāwae.
- Mea hoʻopili helu: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UHF i nā polokalamu kamepiula, me ka RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) me nā hāmeʻa NFC (Near Field Communication).
- Nā Antenna: Hoʻohana ʻia nā antenna UHF no ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona UHF. Loaʻa kēia mau antenna i nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano, me nā antenna portable a me ka base station.
- Spectrum reallocation: Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nei nā alapine UHF i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke koi no ka spectrum hou no nā lawelawe kelepona. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka noi no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o UHF a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka UHF no nā lawelawe broadband uila.
UHF a me VHF: ʻO wai ka mea hoʻohana iā lākou?
Ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana i ka mea nāna e hoʻohana i nā alapine UHF a me VHF, e hoʻomaopopo koke kākou i ke ʻano o ia mau mea. ʻO ka UHF no ka Ultra High Frequency, a ʻo VHF no ka High High Frequency. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, ʻo ia ka laina alapine a lākou e hana ai. Ke hana nei nā lekiō UHF ma ka laulā o 400-512 MHz, ʻoiai nā lekiō VHF e hana ana ma ka laulā o 136-174 MHz. Hoʻopili ke alapine i ka laulā hōʻailona a me ka hiki ke komo o nā lekiō.
ʻO wai ka mea hoʻohana i nā lekiō UHF?
- Nā limahana hana: Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā lekiō UHF i nā kahua kūkulu ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke komo i loko o nā hale a me nā hale. He maikaʻi nō hoʻi lākou no ke kamaʻilio ʻana i nā wahi walaʻau.
- ʻOihana: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lekiō UHF i nā ʻoihana e like me ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, a me ka logistic. He kūpono lākou no ke kamaʻilio ʻana i loko o kahi ʻāpana nui a ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kū i nā kaiapuni paʻakikī.
- Nā lawelawe aupuni: Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā lekiō UHF e nā lawelawe aupuni e like me nā mākaʻi, ke ahi, a me nā lawelawe lapaʻau pilikia. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana a me ka pilikino ma mua o nā lekiō VHF.
- Nā lawelawe kālepa: Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā lekiō UHF e nā lawelawe kalepa e like me nā hale kūʻai a me nā hale ʻaina. He paʻa a maʻalahi lākou e lawe a puni, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou no ke kamaʻilio ʻana i loko o kahi wahi liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka mea hea ʻoe e koho ai?
I ke koho ʻana ma waena o nā lekiō UHF a me VHF, aia kekahi mau mea e noʻonoʻo ai:
- Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona: Hāʻawi nā lekiō UHF i kahi ākea pōkole akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke komo ʻana, ʻoiai hāʻawi nā lekiō VHF i kahi lōʻihi akā paʻakikī paha ke komo ʻana i nā hale a me nā hale.
- Ke ola pākaukau: Pono nā lekiō UHF i ka nui o ka pākaukau liʻiliʻi a hāʻawi i ke ola pākaukau ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā lekiō VHF.
- Kumukūʻai: ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā lekiō UHF ma mua o nā lekiō VHF ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūkulu ʻana.
- Pono kikoʻī: Ma muli o kāu mau pono kikoʻī, ʻike paha ʻoe he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi ʻano lekiō iā ʻoe ma mua o kekahi.
ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ka koho ma waena o nā lekiō UHF a me VHF e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu hana a me nā kaiapuni āu e hana ai.
Ke koho ʻana ma waena o nā alapine VHF a me UHF
- Hāʻawi nā alapine VHF i kahi bandwidth ākea, ʻo ia ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouna i nā ʻikepili hou aʻe i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā alapine VHF no ka hoʻohana ʻana i waho a me ka hana ʻana ma kahi lōʻihi.
- ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā alapine VHF mai nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
- Hāʻawi pinepine nā lekiō VHF i nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana ma nā wahi ākea.
Panina
No laila, aia ʻoe, ʻo uhf ke kū nei no Ultra High Frequency a hoʻohana ʻia ia no ke kamaʻilio lekiō. He mea maikaʻi no nā kamaʻilio pilikino a kaʻana like, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa no nā hōʻailona lōʻihi. Mai hopohopo, aia nā alapine ʻē aʻe no kēlā. No laila, ʻike ʻoe i kēia manawa!
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu iā Neaera a me kahi mea kūʻai aku ʻike, makuakāne, a makemake hoʻi e hoʻāʻo i nā mea hana hou me ka guitar ma ka puʻuwai o koʻu makemake, a me kaʻu hui, ua hana wau i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai 2020 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻopaʻa leo a me nā kīkā.
