ʻO nā mea uila paʻa paʻa, ʻo ia nā kaapuni a i ʻole nā mea hana i kūkulu ʻia mai nā mea paʻa a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā electrons, a i ʻole nā mea lawe ukana ʻē aʻe, i loko o ka mea paʻa.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻenehana mua o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ke kinoea-discharge tube a he mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ka haʻalele ʻana i nā mea electro-mechanical (relays, switch, hard drives a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me nā ʻāpana neʻe) mai ka huaʻōlelo solid state.
ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāina paʻa i ka crystalline, polycrystalline a me amorphous solids a pili i nā conductors uila, insulators a me semiconductor, ʻo ka mea hale ka mea maʻamau he crystalline semiconductor.
ʻO nā mea paʻa paʻa maʻamau ka transistors, microprocessor chips, a me RAM.
Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano RAM kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo flash RAM i nā flash drive a, i kēia mau lā, nā drive state solid e pani ai i nā mīkini paʻakikī magnetic rotating disc.
Loaʻa ka nui o ka hana electromagnetic a me quantum-mechanical i loko o ka hāmeʻa.
Ua laha ka ʻōlelo i nā makahiki 1950 a me nā makahiki 1960, i ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻenekini i semiconductor diodes a me nā transistors.
I kēia mau lā, ua ulu ka integrated circuit (IC), ka light-emitting diode (LED), a me ka liquid-crystal display (LCD) i mau hiʻohiʻona hou o nā mea paʻa.
I loko o kahi ʻāpana paʻa, ua paʻa ke ʻano i nā mea paʻa a me nā pūhui i hana pono ʻia e hoʻololi a hoʻonui iā ia.
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kahe o kēia manawa ma nā ʻano ʻelua: e like me nā electron i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, a me nā hemahema electron i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i kapa ʻia nā lua.
ʻO ka mīkini paʻa paʻa mua ʻo ia ka “cat's whisker” detector, i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1930s i nā lekiō.
Hoʻopili māmā ʻia kahi uea like me ka ʻumikū me kahi aniani paʻa (e like me ke aniani germanium) i mea e ʻike ai i kahi hōʻailona lekiō ma o ka hopena pili.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka mīkini paʻa paʻa i kona ʻano me ka mea i hana ʻia o ka transistor i ka makahiki 1947.
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu iā Neaera a me kahi mea kūʻai aku ʻike, makuakāne, a makemake hoʻi e hoʻāʻo i nā mea hana hou me ka guitar ma ka puʻuwai o koʻu makemake, a me kaʻu hui, ua hana wau i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai 2020 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻopaʻa leo a me nā kīkā.
