ʻO ke alapine leo, a i ʻole ka alapine wale nō, he ana ia o ka nui o nā manawa i loaʻa ai ke ʻano manawa like me ka haʻalulu kani i kēlā me kēia kekona.
He ʻano koʻikoʻi ka alapine o ke kani no ka mea ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o ke kanaka.
No ka laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā leo haʻahaʻa a me nā leo kiʻekiʻe a pili i nā alapine ma waena.
Inā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kani i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou mau pepeiao ke ʻohi i nā alapine haʻahaʻa, e hopena i kahi leo paʻakikī. Pēlā nō, inā nui ka ikehu i nā alapine haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou mau pepeiao ke ʻike i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kumu kumu o ke alapine e kōkua i nā mea mele a me nā leo mea hoʻohana hana i nā hui mele maikaʻi. Hiki i nā mele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā pae kūpono ʻole a i ʻole me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea kani ke hopena i nā hui pū ʻana me ke kani lepo a me ka maopopo ʻole. ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā mea kani a me nā laʻana e pili ana i ko lākou alapine alapine—a i ʻole leo—he mea nui ia no ka hana ʻana i nā hui kaulike e huki i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēlā me kēia mea kani a hoʻohui pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau o kahi mele. Hoʻohui hou, hoʻohana nā ʻenekini mastering i nā kaʻina equalization (EQ) e kāohi a hoʻohua i kēia mau alapine i kahi hui ʻike e hōʻike ana i ka mālamalama i kēlā me kēia pae aʻo ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike holoʻokoʻa.
He aha ka Audio Frequency?
ʻO ka alapine leo ka helu o ka hawewe kani a i ʻole ka haʻalulu i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia. Ua ana ia ma Hertz (Hz). Hoʻopili ke alapine leo i ke ʻano tonal a me ka timbre o kahi kani. He mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hana ʻana i ke mele no ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke kani ʻana o nā mea like ʻole o kahi mele. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka leo leo a me ke kumu o ia mea no ke mele.
Definition
ʻO ke alapine leo, i kapa ʻia ʻo Hertz (Hz), ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke alapine leo i lohe ʻia e ka pepeiao kanaka. Hoʻomaka ka alapine leo ma 20 Hz a pau ma 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). ʻO kēia ʻano o ke alapine kani ka mea a mākou e ʻōlelo ai ʻo "ke spectrum audible". ʻOi aku ka lalo o ka spectrum audible a mākou e hele ai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā leo bass-like; ʻoiai ke piʻi aʻe nei mākou i ka spectrum, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā leo like ʻekolu.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole like nā pae leo āpau ma nā alapine āpau - ʻoiai ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻa leo me ka pane pālahalaha - no nā kumu kino he nui. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka leo o kahi kīkā bass ma mua o ka violin i loko o kahi hui ʻoiai ua paʻi like ʻia i ka hema a me ka ʻākau i kahi hui stereo no ka mea e hoʻopuka nā mea kani bass i nā alapine haʻahaʻa i hiki i ke kanaka ke lohe maikaʻi ma mua o nā alapine kiʻekiʻe.
No laila, he mea nui i nā mea hoʻokani mele a me nā ʻenekini kani e hoʻomaopopo i kēia manaʻo inā manaʻo lākou e hana i ke mele a i ʻole ka hui ʻana i nā leo ʻoihana. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā Dynamic EQ i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mele no ke kālai ʻana i nā piko makemake ʻole ma nā wahi alapine like ʻole e like me nā pahuhopu mele i makemake ʻia. Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā Compressors me nā EQ no nā hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae leo i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hui Mixes and Matering.
Pākuʻi pinepine
He ʻano koʻikoʻi ke alapine leo o ka hana leo a me ke mele, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka pitch a me ka laulā o kahi kani. Pili ka alapine i ka wikiwiki o ka haʻalulu ʻana o kekahi mea - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka haʻalulu. Ana ʻia ma hertz (Hz).
ʻIke maʻamau ka pepeiao o ke kanaka i nā alapine ma waena o 20 Hz a me 20,000 Hz (a i ʻole 20 kHz). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kani ke hoʻopuka i nā kani i loko o kēia pae. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke lohe ʻia nā leo a pau i ke kanaka; ʻO kekahi mau alapine he haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe paha i hiki i ko mākou mau pepeiao ke ʻike.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hōʻailona leo i nā pae alapine:
-Sub-bass: 0–20 Hz (ʻike ʻia ʻo infrasonic a i ʻole ultrasonic). Loaʻa kēia i nā alapine hiki ʻole iā mākou ke lohe akā ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo kikohoʻe, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopunipuni iā lākou e hana i nā hopena kani kū hoʻokahi.
-Bass: 20–250 Hz (nā alapine haʻahaʻa)
-Haʻahaʻa waena: 250–500 Hz
-Midrange: 500–4 kHz (ʻo ia ka nui o nā ʻike harmonic o nā leo a me nā mea kani maoli)
-Kiʻekiʻe waena: 4 – 8 kHz
-Treble o luna: 8 - 16 kHz (ʻae i ka mālamalama i nā ʻāpana leo a i ʻole nā mea kani)
-Super treble/airband: 16 -20kHz (hoʻokumu i ka hopena kiʻekiʻe a me ka wehe).
Pehea ka hopena o ka leo leo i ke mele?
ʻO ke alapine o ke kani kekahi mea nui i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kani ʻana o kahi hana mele. ʻO ke alapine leo he ana ia o ka laulā o nā alapine e ʻike ai ke kanaka ma o ke kani. Hōʻike maʻamau ia ma hertz a hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena nui i ke kani ʻana o kahi mele. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ke ʻano o ka hopena o ka leo leo i ke mele a me ke kumu o ka hana ʻana i ke mele.
ʻO nā alapine haʻahaʻa
ʻO nā alapine haʻahaʻa e ʻoi aku ka kaumaha o ke mele no ka mea lawe lākou i ka ikehu haʻahaʻa i loaʻa i nā mea kani. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā alapine haʻahaʻa e like me ke ʻano kino me nā headphone, nā mea ʻōlelo a me nā headphone hoʻopau walaʻau. ʻO ka laulā o nā alapine leo a mākou e hoʻolohe ai aia ma waena o 20 Hz a me 20,000 Hz, akā ma ka laulā, ʻike ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i nā kani ma kahi ākea liʻiliʻi ma waena o 50 Hz a 10 kHz.
Nā pae alapine haʻahaʻa
Aia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka leo kani ma lalo o 100 Hz a ua hana ʻia me nā memo bass - nā octaves haʻahaʻa o ka alapine i hana ʻia e nā mea kani e like me nā kī kī, nā kī pālua, nā pahu a me nā piano. ʻOi aku ka manaʻo o kēia mau mea ma mua o ka lohe ʻia no ka mea ua maʻa lākou e haʻalulu i kou kahawai pepeiao e hoʻoulu ai i kona manaʻo ponoʻī e hoʻohui i ka mana a me ka piha i kahi hui. Nui nā mele i loaʻa nā alapine haʻahaʻa ma waena o 50 - 70 Hz no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka heft i mua o ke kahua.
Nā pae alapine kiʻekiʻe
Aia ka laulā kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 4 kHz a hoʻopuka i nā leo ʻoi aku ka māmā a i ʻole nā leo mai nā mea kani e like me nā kimebala, nā bele kani a i ʻole nā memo kiʻekiʻe mai nā piano a i ʻole nā kī. Hoʻopuka nā pae alapine kiʻekiʻe i nā leo leo kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kani alapine haʻahaʻa - e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka ʻoi aku o ka maʻalahi o ke kani ʻana o ka bele hale pule ma mua o ka hekili! Hiki i kou mau pepeiao ke lohe a hiki i ka 16 kHz a i ʻole 18 kHz, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia mea ma luna o 8 kWh i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "ultra high frequency" range (UHF). Kōkua ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau hanu a i ʻole nā kikoʻī mai nā mea kani i hui pū ʻia e nalowale ana ma lalo o kekahi i nā pae hoʻolohe maʻamau.
Nā alapine waena
Loaʻa i nā alapine waena nā mea koʻikoʻi i loko o kahi mele, e like me ke mele mua, ke alakaʻi a me nā mea kani. Ma nā leo leo, aia ka leo kanaka koʻikoʻi i ka waena waena. Ma waena o 250Hz a me 4,000Hz, e ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻāpana waena o kāu hui.
ʻO ke ala like e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka EQ e ʻoki i kekahi mau alapine e hana i kahi lumi no nā mea ʻē aʻe i kāu hui ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā ia e hoʻoikaika a hōʻemi paha i kekahi o kēia mau midrange e kūpono i kāu mau pono mele. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā alapine kikoʻī i loko o kēia pae hiki ke hāʻawi i nā ala i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hele ʻana a i ʻole e "poho" i loko o ko lākou puni. He mea kōkua ke hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mele i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana melodic a i ʻole nā mea kani hana nui e pāʻani ana ma kahi pae alapine like; ʻae kēia iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka mea nui oiai e mālama mau ana i ke kani kaulike.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā alapine pākahi ma ka ʻāpana waena o kāu hui ʻana, hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻohana (ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana) ke hoʻohana i kahi plugin equalizer e hoʻohui i ke alo a i ʻole ka mālamalama i kēlā me kēia alapine i loko o kēia pae (e laʻa, Aphex Aural Exciter). Ma ka hana ʻana pēlā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i kēlā mau harmonic mid-range a hana i kahi leo ākea ākea me ka wehewehe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma waena o nā mea hana like ʻole a me nā mea i loaʻa i loko o kēia ʻano alapine.
ʻO nā alapine kiʻekiʻe
Loaʻa nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole treble, ma ke kahawai kūpono o kahi hui stereo a loaʻa nā leo leo kiʻekiʻe loa (ma luna o 2,000 Hz). ʻO ke kaulike o nā alapine kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao waena a me nā alapine haʻahaʻa e alakaʻi pinepine ai i kahi kiʻi sonic maʻalahi. ʻO lākou ke kuleana no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i kahi mele a hāʻawi i ka mālamalama i nā mea kani kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kimebala a me nā woodwinds.
I ka hui pū ʻana me ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe loa, hiki i nā mea kani ke hoʻomaka e kani koʻikoʻi i kou mau pepeiao. No ka pale ʻana i kēia, e hoʻāʻo e hōʻemi i kekahi mau alapine i ka spectrum kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana maʻalahi Ho'oponopono ma kahi o 10 kHz e hōʻemi i ka ʻinoʻino ʻoiai e hōʻoia ʻole ʻoe e nalowale i kekahi o ia 'alohi' mai ka percussion a i ʻole nā kaula.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ʻekolu hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā mele i nalo ka wehewehe ʻana i nā octaves kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kani e like me ke kīkā a me ka piano. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo EQ e hoʻolauna maʻalahi i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i kekahi mau alapine ma kahi o 4-10 kHz no ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana inā pono. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā mea hoʻokahi i loko o kahi hui me ka ʻole o ka kani ʻana o ke kani ʻino i kou mau pepeiao. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 6 dB hiki ke hana i nā ʻokoʻa āpau! No ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano a i ʻole ka leʻaleʻa i kahi mele, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huelo reverb ākea me ka nui o nā ʻike alapine kiʻekiʻe; Hāʻawi kēia i nā hopena ea a moeʻuhane paha e noho maikaʻi ma luna o nā ala percussion a me nā leo ʻē aʻe i ka hui.
Panina
I ka hopena, ʻo ke alapine leo he mea koʻikoʻi o ka hana mele a me ka ʻenekini kani kūpono. ʻO ia ke ana o ke kaomi kani i ka manawa, e hana ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pitch e pono ai e hana i nā mele. Hoʻoholo kona laulā i ka laulā o nā memo i lohe ʻia e ka pepeiao o ke kanaka ma kahi ʻāpana mele a hiki ke ʻokoʻa kona wehewehe ʻana mai kekahi mea kani i kekahi. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o kēia ʻāpana e hiki ai i nā mea mele, nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea hana ke kiʻi i ke kani maikaʻi loa mai kā lākou hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Me ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana i ke koena alapine o kahi mele i ka wā e hana ʻia ana, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi mele i ka moʻoʻo, ke ʻano a me ka laulā e pono ai no ke mele kani maikaʻi. He ʻāpana hoʻokahi ia no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā hana ʻoihana ʻoihana.
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu iā Neaera a me kahi mea kūʻai aku ʻike, makuakāne, a makemake hoʻi e hoʻāʻo i nā mea hana hou me ka guitar ma ka puʻuwai o koʻu makemake, a me kaʻu hui, ua hana wau i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai 2020 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻopaʻa leo a me nā kīkā.
