ʻO wai ʻo Antonio de Torres Jurado? He Paniolo ʻo Antonio de Torres Jurado luthier ka mea i manaoia he makua o keia au kika kahiko. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería i ka makahiki 1817, a ua make ʻo ia ma Almería i ka makahiki 1892.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería i ka makahiki 1817 ma ke ʻano he keiki a ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ʻo Juan Torres a me kāna wahine ʻo Maria Jurado. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona wā ʻōpio ma ke ʻano he kamanā, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa i ka makahiki 16 ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kona makuakāne iā ia mai ka lawelawe ʻana ma lalo o ke kumu hoʻopunipuni ʻo ia ʻaʻole kūpono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua koi koke ʻia ʻo Antonio ʻōpio i ka male ʻana me 3 makahiki ʻōpio ʻo Juana María López, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i 3 mau keiki. ʻO kēlā mau keiki ʻekolu, ua make ʻelua muli loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Juana i make ma hope i ka makahiki 25 mai ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia (akā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia) i ka makahiki 1842 ua hoʻomaka ʻo Antonio Torres Jurado e aʻo i ka hana hana kīkā mai José Pernas ma Granada. Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Seville a wehe i kahi hale kūʻai kahi āna i hana ai i kāna iho kipi. Ma laila ʻo ia i launa pū ai me nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā haku mele, nāna i hoʻoikaika iā ia e hana hou a hana i nā kīkā hou i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i kā lākou hana. Ua kaulana ʻo Antonio, ua lawe ʻo Antonio i ka ʻōlelo aʻo mai ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana a me ka haku mele ʻo Julián Arcas a hoʻomaka i kāna hana mua ma ke kīkala kahiko.
Ua male hou ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1868, a ua hoʻomau i kāna hana ma Sevile a hiki i ka makahiki 1870 i ka wā i neʻe ai ʻo ia me kāna wahine i Almería kahi i wehe ai lāua i ka hale kūʻai china a me ke aniani. Ma laila ʻo ia i hoʻomaka ai e hana i kāna hoʻolālā kīkā hope loa a kaulana loa, ʻo ia ka model Torres. Ua make ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1892, akā hoʻokani mau ʻia kāna mau kikā i kēia lā.
ʻO ke ola a me ka hoʻoilina o Antonio Torres Jurado
ʻO ke ola mua a me ka male
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Antonio Torres Jurado ma La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería i ka makahiki 1817. ʻO ia ke keiki a ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ʻo Juan Torres a me kāna wahine ʻo Maria Jurado. I ka makahiki 16, ua koho ʻia ʻo Antonio i ka pūʻali koa, akā ua hiki i kona makuakāne ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai ka lawelawe ʻana ma lalo o ka hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe ʻo ia ʻaʻole kūpono i ke olakino. Ma hope koke iho, ua male ʻo ia iā Juana María López a loaʻa iā ia ʻekolu mau keiki, ʻelua o lākou i make me ke kaumaha.
Ka Hanau ana o ke Guitar Kahiko o keia wa
Manaʻo ʻia i ka makahiki 1842, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Antonio e aʻo i ka hana hana kīkā mai José Pernas ma Granada. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i Seville, ua wehe ʻo ia i kāna hale kūʻai ponoʻī a hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i kāna mau kīkā ponoʻī. Ma ʻaneʻi, ua launa pū ʻo ia me nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā haku mele i hoʻoikaika iā ia e hana hou a hana i nā kīkā hou. Ua lawe ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana a me ka haku mele ʻo Julián Arcas a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i ke kīkā kahiko o kēia wā.
I ka makahiki 1868, ua mare hou ʻo Antonio a neʻe i Almería me kāna wahine, kahi i wehe ai lāua i kahi hale kūʻai china a me ke aniani. Ma ʻaneʻi, hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hana hapa manawa ma ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kīkā, a ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka manawa piha ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna wahine i ka makahiki 1883. No nā makahiki ʻeiwa e hiki mai ana, ua hana ʻo ia ma kahi o 12 mau kīkā i ka makahiki a hiki i kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1892.
Ka ho'oilina
ʻO nā kīkā i hana ʻia i nā makahiki hope o Antonio, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kīkā ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia ma Sepania a me ʻEulopa i kēlā manawa. Ua lilo koke kāna kumu hoʻohālike i ka hoʻolālā no nā kīkā acoustic hou, i hoʻohālike ʻia a kope ʻia a puni ka honua.
I kēia lā, hahai mau nā kīkā i nā hoʻolālā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Antonio Torres Jurado, me ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ʻo nā mea kūkulu hale. Ke ola nei kāna hoʻoilina i nā mele o kēia mau lā, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia kona mana i ka mōʻaukala mele o kēia wā.
Antonio de Torres: Hana ʻana i kahi hoʻoilina hoʻoilina hoʻoilina
Nā Helu
ʻEhia mau mea kani a Torres i hana ai? ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike maopopo, akā manaʻo ʻo Romanillos i ka helu ma kahi o 320 mau kīkā. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa iā 88, me nā mea hou aʻe i ʻike ʻia mai ia manawa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hana ʻo Torres i kahi kīkā collapsible i hiki ke hui pū ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā minuke - akā aia maoli nō? ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hana 200+ i luku ʻia, nalowale, a hūnā ʻia paha?
Ke Kumukuai
Inā hoʻowalewale ʻia ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi kikā Torres, e mākaukau e uku i nā haneli haneli mau kālā. He ʻano like ia me nā kumukūʻai o nā violins i hana ʻia e Antonio Stradivari – ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 600 o kāna mau violins e ola nei, a hele mai lākou me kahi kumukūʻai nui. ʻAʻole hiki i ka makahiki 1950 ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kīkā kahiko kahiko, ʻoiai ua ikaika ka mākeke no nā violins kahiko mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20. No laila, ʻo wai ka mea ʻike - aia paha i kekahi lā e ʻike mākou i ke kūʻai aku ʻana o Torres no ʻehiku helu!
Ka Mele
Akā, he aha ka mea e ʻokoʻa ai kēia mau mea kani? ʻO kā lākou mōʻaukala paha i ka hoʻolālā kīkā, ko lākou kumu, a i ʻole ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā mele nani? He hui pū paha ia o nā mea ʻekolu. Ua huki ʻia ʻo Arcas, Tárrega, a me Llobet i nā kikā Torres no ko lākou kani ʻana, a hiki i kēia lā, ua ʻae ka poʻe me nā pepeiao i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻaʻole kani ka Torres e like me nā kīkā ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mea loiloi i ka makahiki 1889 i wehewehe ʻo ia ʻo "ka luakini o nā manaʻo, ka Arcanum o ka nui e hoʻoneʻe a hauʻoli i ka naʻau e pakele ana i ke kaniʻuhū mai kēlā mau kaula i manaʻo ʻia he mau kahu o nā mele a nā mermaids."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Sheldon Urlik, nona nā kikā Torres ʻehā i kāna hōʻiliʻili ʻana, no kekahi o lākou: "He mea kupanaha ke ʻano o ka leo, ka maʻemaʻe o ka timbre, a me ka maikaʻi o ka mele mai kēia kīkā." Ua ʻike pū nā mea pāʻani i ka maʻalahi o ka pāʻani ʻana i nā kīkā Torres, a me ke ʻano o ko lākou pane ʻana i ka wā e uhuki ʻia ai kahi kaula - e like me kā David Collett i ʻōlelo ai, "E ʻae nā kīkā Torres iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mea, a na ke kīkā ke hana."
Lehua Makaha
No laila he aha ka mea huna ma hope o kēia mau mea kani? Ua loaʻa iā Antonios - Torres lāua ʻo Stradivari - kahi pae o ka hana noʻeau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili piha ʻia. Ua aʻo ʻia nā violin Stradivari me nā x-ray, electron microscopes, spectrometers, a me ka nānā ʻana dendrochronological, akā ʻaʻole maopopo nā hopena. Ua nānā like ʻia nā mea kani a Torres, akā aia kekahi mea i nalowale ʻaʻole hiki ke kope ʻia. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Torres iā ia iho i kona mau manaʻo no kēia, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma kahi pāʻina ʻaina: "ʻAʻole au e hoʻohana i nā mea hana huna, akā hoʻohana wau i koʻu puʻuwai."
A ʻo ia ka mea pohihihi maoli ma hope o kēia mau mea kani – ke kuko a me ka naʻau i komo i ka hana ʻana iā lākou.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike kipi o Antonio de Torres Jurado
ʻO ka mana o Antonio Torres Jurado
ʻO ke kīkā Paniolo e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā, ua aie nui iā Antonio de Torres Jurado - ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a ʻike ʻia kāna mau mea kani e nā mea hoʻokani pila nui e like me Francisco Tarraga, Federico Cano, Julian Arcas, a me Miguel Llobet. ʻO kāna kumu hoʻohālike ka mea kūpono loa no ke kīkā ʻaha mele, a ʻo ia ke kumu no ka hana ʻana i kēia ʻano kīkā.
ʻO ke ola mua o Antonio de Torres Jurado
Manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa iā Antonio de Torres Jurado ka manawa e hui ai a aʻo i ka hoʻokani pila me ka mea kaulana ʻo Dionisio Aguado i kona wā ʻōpiopio. I ka makahiki 1835, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana kamana. Ua male ʻo ia a loaʻa iā ia ʻehā mau keiki, ʻekolu o lākou i hala kaumaha. Ma hope mai, ua hala pū kāna wahine ma hope o ka pilina 10 makahiki. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, ua mare hou ʻo ia a loaʻa hou nā keiki ʻehā.
ʻO ka hoʻoilina o Antonio de Torres Jurado
Ke ola nei ka hoʻoilina o Antonio de Torres Jurado ma o kāna kumu hoʻohālike kipi o ke kīkā Sepania:
- Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a ʻike ʻia kāna mau mea kani e kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila o nā manawa āpau.
– ʻO kāna kumu hoʻohālike ka mea kūpono loa no ke kikā ʻaha mele, a ʻo ia ke kumu no ka hana ʻana i kēia ʻano kīkā.
- Ua loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e aʻo ai mai ka mea kaulana ʻo Dionisio Aguado i kona wā ʻōpiopio.
- Ua alo ʻo ia i nā pōʻino he nui i kona ola, akā e ola mau kāna hoʻoilina.
ʻO Antonio de Torres Jurado: He haku o ka ʻoihana lāʻau
ʻo Granada
Manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokō ʻo Antonio de Torres Jurado i kāna mau akamai hana lāʻau ma Granada, i loko o ka hale hana a Jose Pernas – he mea hana kikā kaulana o ia manawa. ʻO nā poʻo o kāna mau kīkā mua e like me nā poʻo o Pernas.
Seville
I ka makahiki 1853, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Antonio de Torres Jurado i kāna mau lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea hana kīkā ma Seville. Ma kahi hōʻikeʻike lima lima ma ke kūlanakauhale hoʻokahi, ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka mekala - lawe mai iā ia i ka kaulana a me ka ʻike ʻia he luthier.
ʻO Almeria
Ua neʻe ʻo ia ma waena o Seville a me Almeria, kahi āna i hana ai i ke kīkā i ka makahiki 1852. Ua hana pū ʻo ia i kahi kīkā i kapa ʻia ʻo "La Invencible" i ka makahiki 1884, ma Almeria. I ka makahiki 1870, ua hoʻi mau ʻo ia i ʻAlmeria a loaʻa iā ia kahi waiwai e kūʻai aku ai i nā ʻāpana porcelain a me nā ʻāpana aniani. Mai ka makahiki 1875 a hiki i kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1892, ua kālele ʻo ia i ka hana kīkā.
I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Guitar Spanish ʻo Antonio de Torres Jurado ma Almeria e hoʻohanohano i kēia mea hoʻokani pila.
ʻO Antonio de Torres '1884 "La Invencible" Guitar
Ka Makuakane o ke Guitar Paniolo Hou
ʻO Antonio de Torres Jurado he haku luthier mai Almeria, Sepania i manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ia ka makua kāne o ke kīkā Spanish hou. Ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i nā kūlana kuʻuna o ka hana kīkā, hoʻokolohua a hoʻomohala i kāna mau ala ponoʻī e hana i nā mea kani o ka maikaʻi. ʻO kona akamai a me ka noʻonoʻo i loaʻa iā ia ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā mea hana kīkā, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kāna mau kīkā e kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa o kona manawa, e like me Francisco Tárrega, Julián Arcas, Federico Cano, a me Miquel Llobet.
ʻO ka 1884 "La Invencible" Guitar
ʻO kēia 1884 guitar kekahi o nā ʻāpana kupaianaha loa i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Federico Cano, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka International Exhibition ma Sevilla ma 1922. Ua hana ʻia me nā lāʻau koho i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i kēia lā, a me nā ʻāpana ʻekolu. spruce luna, ʻelua ʻāpana rosewood Brazilian hope a me nā ʻaoʻao, a me kahi papa inoa kālā me ka monogram "FC" a me ka inoa "La Invencible" (The Invincible One).
Ka Leo o keia Gitara He Kaulike ole
ʻAʻole like ka leo o kēia guitar. Loaʻa iā ia kahi bass hohonu loa, ʻoluʻolu a komo i ka treble, a me kahi kākoʻo ʻole a me ka laulā. ʻO kāna mau harmonics he kilokilo maʻemaʻe, a palupalu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi ka haʻalulu e pāʻani. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ua hoʻolaha ʻia kēia kīkā National Heritage!
Hoʻoula hou
Aia kekahi mau māwae lōʻihi ma ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kīkā, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kekahi e nā haku luthiers Ismael lāua ʻo Raúl Yagüe. E hoʻoponopono koke ʻia nā māwae i koe, a laila hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike i kona mana piha me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino mai nā kaula kīkā.
Na Mea Hana
Ua kaulana nā kīkā a Torres no kā lākou:
– Nui, kani piha
– Nani ka hana lima
– Pūnaehana hoʻopaʻa peʻahi kū hoʻokahi
- Ua ʻimi nui ʻia e nā mea hōʻiliʻili a me nā mea mele.
NPP
Pehea ʻo Antonio Torres i haku ai i ke kīkā?
Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Antonio Torres Jurado i ke kīkā kahiko o kēia wā ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻano kīkā kuʻuna ʻEulopa a hana hou iā lākou, ma muli o ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana a me ka haku mele ʻo Julián Arcas. Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kāna mau hoʻolālā a hiki i kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1892, e hana ana i kahi hoʻolālā no nā kīkā acoustic hou.
ʻO wai ka mea haku mele mua i hauʻoli a hoʻolauleʻa i nā kikā Torres?
ʻO Julián Arcas ka mea hoʻokani mele mua e leʻaleʻa a hoʻolauleʻa i nā kīkā a Torres. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia iā Torres i ka ʻōlelo aʻo e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia kā lākou hui ʻana iā Torres i mea noiʻi noiʻi no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kīkā.
Ehia mau kikā Torres i laila?
Nui nā kikā Torres, ʻoiai ʻo kāna hoʻolālā i hana i ka hana a kēlā me kēia mea hana kīkā mai ia manawa a hoʻohana mau ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani pila i kēia lā. ʻO kāna mau mea kani i lilo ai nā kīkā o nā mea hana ʻē aʻe ma mua ona, a ua ʻimi ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea hoʻokani pila koʻikoʻi ma Sepania.
He aha ka mea a Antonio Torres i hana ai i mea maikaʻi ke kani ʻana o ke kīkā?
Ua hoʻopololei ʻo Antonio Torres i ka hoʻolālā symmetrical o ka papa kani o ke kīkā, e hoʻonui a lahilahi me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka peʻahi no ka ikaika. Ua hōʻoia pū ʻo ia ʻo ia ka luna, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka mea kani i ka mea kani, ma ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kīkā me ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka papier-mâché.
Panina
ʻO Antonio de Torres Jurado he luthier kipi i hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā kīkā. He kanaka hana akamai ʻo ia nāna i hana i kekahi o nā mea kani kiʻi nui loa o ka honua. Ke ola nei kāna hoʻoilina i kēia lā ma ke ʻano o kāna mau kīkā, i hoʻokani ʻia e kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka honua. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia kona mana ma ka honua guitar a e hoʻomau kāna hoʻoilina i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. Inā makemake ʻoe e aʻo hou e pili ana iā Antonio de Torres Jurado a me kāna hana kupanaha, nui nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele. No laila, mai hoʻokaʻulua e luʻu a ʻimi i ka honua o kēia luthier kupaianaha!
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu iā Neaera a me kahi mea kūʻai aku ʻike, makuakāne, a makemake hoʻi e hoʻāʻo i nā mea hana hou me ka guitar ma ka puʻuwai o koʻu makemake, a me kaʻu hui, ua hana wau i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai 2020 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻopaʻa leo a me nā kīkā.
