Duk Matakin, kuma aka sani da a sautin, shine tazara mafi girma na biyu da ake samu a cikin kiɗa. Semitones ne guda biyu, ko rabin matakai, fadi kuma ya ƙunshi bayanin kula guda biyu na diatonic sikelin. Ana samun wannan tazara a cikin nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban kuma yana da mahimmanci don fahimta da ƙirƙirar waƙoƙi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu tattauna game da Duk Mataki da dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi ta.
Ma'anar Gabaɗaya Mataki
Dukan mataki, kuma aka sani da a 'duk bayanin kula' or 'babban second', shine tazara a cikin kiɗan da aka ƙirƙira ta bayanin kula guda biyu masu maƙwabtaka waɗanda ke da sauti biyu (aka rabin matakai) ban da. Ita ce mafi girman nisa da za ku iya motsawa akan piano tare da maɓalli guda ɗaya kafin ku buƙaci danna wani maɓalli na daban don ci gaba ta kowace hanya.
Dangane da ma'auni na al'ada, lokacin hawan, wannan tazara zai bayyana motsi daga bayanin kula na farko zuwa sunan harafi na biyu a kowane ma'auni. Misali, a Duk matakin daga F zai zama G. Lokacin da aka saukowa zai kwatanta motsi daga rubutu ɗaya zuwa wancan ƙasa da haruffa a cikin ma'auni - ƙaura daga C zuwa B za a yi la'akari da cikakken mataki zuwa ƙasa. A mafi yawancin lokuta, waɗannan tazarar za su sami sunaye iri ɗaya ko ta wane irin hanya suke hawa ko saukowa amma suna iya bambanta dangane da wuraren da ba a sani ba da motsi na chromatic a cikin mahallin wasu ci gaba ko ma'auni da ake amfani da su a cikin kiɗan da ake kunnawa a kowane ba. lokacin.
Dangane da abin lura, galibi ana rubuta wannan tazara azaman ko dai dige biyu a tsaye gefe da gefe or katuwar digo daya wanda ya shafi duka waɗannan sunayen haruffa - suna nufin daidai abu ɗaya ta hanyar kiɗa kuma kawai canza aesthetically azaman dacewa don dalilai na karatun gani da / ko zaɓin salo don jan hankali na gani lokacin da aka tuntuɓar bayanan da aka buga yayin ƙoƙarin kiɗan musamman kamar recitals da rehearsals, da sauransu…
Abin Da Yake Nufi A Ka'idar Kida
A cikin ka'idar kiɗa, a gaba daya mataki hanya ce ta auna farar a jere. Wani lokaci ana kiransa da a cikakken sautin, kuma ainihin tazara ce ta kiɗa daidai da sautin sauti biyu. Ma'ana, ita ce tazara tsakanin bayanin kula guda biyu waɗanda maɓallai biyu suka raba su akan madannai ko fretboard. Za a iya amfani da gabaɗayan mataki don ƙirƙirar waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi, ko kuma gano abubuwan ci gaba da haɗin kai.
Mu zurfafa zurfafa cikin fahimta dukan matakai a ka'idar kiɗa:
Tazarar Cikakken Mataki
A cikin ka'idar kiɗa, a gaba daya mataki wani tazara ne wanda girmansa ya kai rabin matakai biyu (ko semitones). Ana kuma kiransa da a babban second, saboda wannan tazara yayi daidai da faɗin daƙiƙa akan babban sikelin. Irin wannan mataki shi ake kira a jinsi Atius: ya ƙunshi bakaken maɓalli guda biyu akan piano.
Gabaɗayan mataki shine ɗayan mafi yawan tazara da ake samu a kiɗan jituwa na yamma. Tun da ya ninka ninki biyu da mafi ƙanƙanta tazara na gaba, rabin mataki (ko ƙarami na daƙiƙa), yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar hadaddun jituwa da karin waƙa. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci mawaƙa su iya ganewa har ma da rera wannan tazara domin su sami damar tafiya tsakanin ma'auni da sauri cikin sauri da daidai. Bayanan kula suna faruwa lokaci guda, don haka lokacin da kuka ji bayanin kula guda biyu a fage daban-daban ana iya kiran wannan "lokaci lokaci"Ko"jira".
Yawancin lokaci ana ayyana tazara ne gwargwadon alakar da ke dogara da ku tsakanin bayanan da ke da alaƙa da kiɗa; ma'ana cewa lokacin da za a ayyana tazarar kida kamar gabaɗayan mataki za ku yi la'akari da ko ana sauraron bayanan biyu tare ko kuma an raba su. Misali idan kunna rubutu guda daya ya biyo bayan wani bayanin kula da aka raba da tsawon lokaci wanda ke wakiltar cikakken mataki to wannan za a dauki shi azaman hawan (Ƙara) Gabaɗayan Tazarar Mataki; inda wasa bayanin kula guda biyu a lokaci guda da haɓaka tazarar su ta cikakken mataki ɗaya daga ainihin Pitch ɗin su za'a rarraba su azaman hawan (Mai yawa) Duk Tazarar Mataki (watau 5-7th). Hakazalika duk Saukowa Gaba ɗaya Tazarar Mataki zai yi irin wannan amma tare da jujjuya dangantaka daga duk Masu hawan hawan sama, cire Cikakkun Mataki ɗaya maimakon Ƙara Daya Cikak.
Yadda Ake Amfani Da Ita A Waka
A cikin ka'idar kiɗa, a gaba daya mataki (dukkan sautin, ko babban na biyu) shine tazara a cikinsa akwai sautin sauti guda biyu (frets akan guitar) tsakanin bayanin kula. Alal misali, lokacin kunna guitar, frets akan igiyoyi guda biyu a jere za a yi la'akari da cikakken mataki. Hakanan za'a iya faɗi haka don maɓallan baki guda biyu akan piano - waɗannan kuma ana ɗaukar su azaman gabaɗayan mataki ne.
Ana amfani da duka matakai ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin ka'idar kiɗa da abun da ke ciki. Ana iya samun jituwa ta hanyar amfani da tazara na iri daban-daban, gami da rabin matakai da dukan matakai. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya gina waƙoƙin waƙa ta amfani da mabambanta masu girma dabam na tazara - kamar tsalle-tsalle na bakwai a cikin Jazz da kiɗan gargajiya ko ƙananan tazara don salon Pop/Retro.
Misali, idan mutum yana ƙirƙirar waƙar yana amfani da tazara tsakanin tazara daga rabin-mataki zuwa na bakwai; wannan na iya yuwuwar ƙirƙirar kari da karin waƙa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka haɗa duka gajere da canje-canje na dogon lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwanƙwasa sau da yawa suna dogara kacokan akan muryar su musamman amfani da sanyawa na uku (babba ko karami), na biyar da na bakwai gina daga dukan matakai ko rabin-mataki don ƙirƙirar haɗe-haɗe masu ban sha'awa na ban sha'awa irin su sautunan feda ko rataye ƙwanƙwasa za a iya bincika ta hanyar iyakance amfani da kawai tsaka-tsakin rabin mataki tsakanin bayanin kula a kowane lokaci; haifar da ƙarin ma'anar tashin hankali a ƙarƙashin waƙar ba tare da yin nisa da nisa daga maƙasudin maƙasudin jituwa a cikin waɗannan takamaiman sassan ba.
Ta hanyar fahimtar yadda sauƙi ke kewaya kayan aikin madannai ta amfani da kawai rabin-mataki da cikakken mataki motsi ta hanyar amfani da dabarun koyarwa kamar ƙananan motsi – kirga frets sama/ƙasa ɗaya bayan ɗaya yayin wasa , zai zama da sauƙi ga ɗalibai su fara tsara sassa masu sauƙi waɗanda ke manne da ƙa’idodin da aka kafa sama da ƙarni da yawa cikakken fahimtar yadda. rabin mataki/duka matakai daidaita tare da takamaiman ma'auni / tazara da zarar ɗalibai sun ƙware waɗannan mahimman ra'ayoyin yuwuwarsu don bincika nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ƙaruwa sosai!
Misalai Gabaɗayan Matakai a Kiɗa
Dukan mataki, kuma aka sani da “duka sautin,” shine tazara na kiɗan da ke tsakanin siminti biyu (rabin matakai). Gabaɗayan matakai yawanci wani yanki ne da ake iya gani sosai na kiɗa, saboda suna nuna canji a cikin jigon sautin waƙa. Wannan labarin zai tattauna wasu misalan dukan matakai a cikin kiɗa, ta yadda za ku iya fahimtar abin da suke da kuma yadda ake amfani da su a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.
Misalai a Manyan Sikeli
Duk matakai tazara na kiɗa ne waɗanda ke tattare da bayanin kula guda biyu a jere, suna ci gaba da cikakkun sautuna biyu. Lokacin sauraron kiɗa, sau da yawa za ku gane su a ciki manyan sikelin alamu. Babban ma'auni ya ƙunshi matakai takwas gaba ɗaya, ban da tsakanin bayanin kula na uku da na huɗu da kuma tsakanin bayanin kula na bakwai da na takwas - a can, za ku samu. rabin matakai. Ana amfani da gabaɗayan matakai a nau'ikan kida iri-iri kamar kiɗan gargajiya, jazz, da rock and roll.
Hanya mai sauƙi don fahimtar matakai duka ita ce ta kunna babban sikelin akan piano ko guitar - farawa da kowane bayanin kula akan tsarin sikelin C Major. Misali:
- fara bayanin kula C (duk mataki zuwa D)
- D (duk mataki zuwa E)
- E (duk mataki zuwa F)
- F (rabin mataki zuwa G)
- G(gabaki d'aya zuwa A)
- A(duk stepto B)
- B(rabi zuwa C).
Sakamakon abun da ke ciki an san shi azaman hawan babban sikelin - ƙoƙarin samun sautuna mafi girma a cikin bayanin kula guda 8 a jere. Ana iya amfani da ra'ayi iri ɗaya ta amfani da sa hannun maɓalli daban-daban kamar ƙananan ma'auni – kawai ku tuna cewa kowane rubutu na biyu ya kamata ya ci gaba zuwa sama da cikakken sautin guda ɗaya aka ɗaya gaba daya mataki!
Misalai a Ƙananan Ma'auni
A cikin kiɗa, a gaba daya mataki (kuma aka sani da suna a babban second) an bayyana shi azaman tazara na sautuna guda biyu a jere. Wannan tazara shine tubalin ginin tushe na nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban, gami da ƙananan ma'auni. Bayanan kula a ƙaramin ma'auni suna haɗawa don samar da gaba ɗaya mataki lokacin da bayanin kula ya ci gaba sama da sautuna biyu akan ma'auni maimakon ɗaya.
Jerin matakan gabaki ɗaya da rabin matakai a kowane nau'in ƙaramin sikeli na musamman yana samar da sautinsa na musamman, amma duk ma'aunin da aka saba amfani da shi sun haɗa da cikakkun matakai guda biyu da rabi biyu a cikinsu. Don kwatanta wannan ra'ayi a sarari, ga wasu misalan ƙananan ma'auni na gama gari waɗanda ke nuna yadda tazara ta bayyana a cikin nau'ikan kiɗan daban-daban:
- Ma'aunin Ƙananan Halitta: ABCDEFGA - A wannan yanayin, akwai nau'i-nau'i biyu na matakai na gaba daya a sama da A wadanda suka hada da ƙananan ƙananan yanayi; bin A zuwa B da D zuwa E.
- Ƙaramar Sikelin masu jituwa: ABCDEFG #A - Ƙananan ma'auni na jituwa yana da matakai guda uku a jere a cikin sashe ɗaya; rufe F zuwa G# kai tsaye kafin a kai ga sautin A na ƙarshe.
- Ƙaramar Sikelin Melodic: AB-(C)-D-(E)-F-(G)-A - Wannan nau'in ƙananan ma'auni kawai ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i biyu na dukkanin matakai tsakanin farkonsa da ƙarshen maki; ci gaba daga B zuwa C kafin a ci gaba zuwa E sannan G kafin a kammala tare da bayanin "gida" a A. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a lura cewa idan aka tashi daga hanya zuwa sama, sautunan C da E suna tashi sama da ɗaya kawai. rabin mataki maimakon cikakken sautin don dalilai na melodic maimakon.
Kammalawa
A ƙarshe, fahimta dukan matakai (ko duka sautuna) muhimmin sashi ne na ƙware a ka'idar kiɗa. Dukan matakai suna taimaka muku ƙirƙirar tazara mafi girma kuma za su iya taimaka muku don gina ƙarin hadaddun ci gaba. Sanin tushen dukan matakai zai iya taimaka maka wajen tsarawa, kunna, da tsara kiɗa yadda ya kamata.
Takaitaccen Cikakkiyar Mataki a Kiɗa
Dukan mataki, kuma aka sani da a babban second, yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman tazara na kiɗan da zaku iya koya. A cikin kiɗan Yamma, ana san wannan tazara azaman semitone kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar karin waƙa da jituwa. Ana iya ayyana gabaɗayan mataki azaman nisa tsakanin bayanin kula guda biyu akan madannin piano waɗanda ke tsakanin matakan rabi biyu. A wasu kalmomi, idan ka sanya yatsanka a tsakiyar C sannan ka motsa shi sama da wasu maɓallan baƙaƙe guda biyu a cikin farar, za a ɗauki mataki gaba ɗaya.
Muhimmancin gabaɗayan matakin ya ta'allaka ne ga ikonsa na ƙirƙirar motsi mai jituwa tsakanin maɓalli ko maɓalli daban-daban. Wannan tazara ya ƙunshi kyawawan halaye na tonal kuma yana samar da sassan kiɗa masu ƙarfi idan aka yi amfani da su daidai. Idan aka haɗe da sauran tazara kamar rabin matakai da na uku, mawaƙa za su iya ƙirƙirar motifs na musamman ko ma duka abubuwan da aka tsara ta amfani da hadaddun haɗakar ma'auni da ma'auni.
Dukkan matakai kuma suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar yadda transposition yana aiki a cikin ka'idar kiɗa - ra'ayin cewa duk wani bayanin kula ko maɗaukaki a cikin kowane maɓalli na sa hannu za a iya motsa shi cikakken mataki sama ko ƙasa ba tare da canza ainihin ingancinsa ko sauti ba. Fahimtar yadda ake gane wannan tazara ba kawai zai taimake ka ka fahimci ka'idar kiɗa da kyau ba amma zai sa ya fi sauƙi a gare ka idan ya zo ga kunna da rubuta kiɗan.
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
