Microphones mai kwakwalwa da kuma lavalier microphones duka ana amfani da su a cikin saitunan kai tsaye don jawabai, gabatarwa, da kide kide. Duk da haka, suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na ɗaukar sauti. Mics masu ɗaukar hoto sun fi girma kuma sun fi hankali, suna ɗaukar faɗuwar kewayon mitoci da ƙananan sautuka. A halin yanzu, lavalier mics sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma sun fi karkata, suna ɗaukar sauti mai ƙarfi da kyau. A cikin wannan labarin, zan bincika bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan microphones guda biyu kuma in jagorance ku wajen zaɓar mafi kyawun don buƙatunku.
Fahimtar Bambancin Tsakanin Lavalier da Microphones na Condenser
Akwai ƴan dalilai da yasa aka fi son na'urorin na'urar daukar hoto don yin rikodi akan makirifo mai ƙarfi. Ga wasu manyan fa'idodi:
- Condenser mics (ga yadda suke kwatanta da masu ƙarfi) suna da kewayon mitoci mai faɗi, wanda ke nufin za su iya ɗaukar babban kewayon sautuna.
- Sun fi hankali fiye da marufofi masu ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin za su iya ɗaukar sautuna masu shuru da shuru a cikin sautin.
- Na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto yawanci suna da ingantacciyar amsa ta wucin gadi, wanda ke nufin za su iya kama canje-canje kwatsam a cikin sauti daidai.
- Sun fi dacewa da ɗaukar sauti mai ƙarfi, wanda ke sa su zama masu girma don yin rikodin sauti da sauran sauti mai girma.
Menene Daban-daban Nau'ikan Marufofan Condenser?
Akwai manyan nau'ikan microphones masu ɗaukar hoto guda biyu: manyan diaphragm da ƙananan diaphragm. Ga yadda suka bambanta:
- Manya-manyan na'urorin damfara na diaphragm suna da wurin da ya fi girma, wanda ke nufin za su iya ɗaukar ƙarin sauti kuma sun fi dacewa da ɗaukar ƙananan sauti. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin rikodin sauti da sauran kayan sauti.
- Kananan na'urorin damfara na diaphragm suna da ƙaramin fili, wanda ke nufin sun fi dacewa da ɗaukar sauti mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin rikodin kayan kida kamar kuge, kuge mai sauti, da violin.
Menene Fa'idodin Amfani da Makirifon Lavalier?
Lavalier microphones suna da ƴan fa'ida akan sauran nau'ikan makirufo:
- Su ƙanana ne kuma ba su da hankali, wanda ke sa su zama masu girma don yin rikodi a cikin yanayi inda ba ka son makirufo ya kasance a bayyane.
- An tsara su don a sawa kusa da jiki, wanda ke nufin za su iya ɗaukar sauti mai sauti na halitta ba tare da ɗaukar amo mai yawa na baya ba.
- Yawancin lokaci suna gaba ɗaya, wanda ke nufin za su iya ɗaukar sauti daga kowane bangare. Wannan na iya zama taimako lokacin yin rikodin mutane da yawa ko lokacin da kuke son ɗaukar sautin yanayi.
Wanne Nau'in Marufo Ya Kamata Ka Zaba?
A ƙarshe, nau'in makirufo da kuka zaɓa zai dogara da takamaiman bukatunku da nau'in aikin da kuke yi. Ga wasu abubuwan da ya kamata ku yi la'akari yayin zabar ku:
- Idan kana son makirufo mai ƙarami kuma mara hankali, makirufo mai lavalier na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi.
- Idan kana son makirufo mai mahimmanci kuma yana iya ɗaukar sauti iri-iri, makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto na iya zama hanyar zuwa.
- Idan kana neman makirufo mai sauƙin amfani kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki da yawa, makirufo mai ƙarfi na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi.
- Idan kuna rikodin sauti ko wasu kayan kida, babban makirufo mai ɗaukar sautin diaphragm tabbas shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.
- Idan kuna rikodin manyan kayan kida kamar kuge-gefe ko violin, ƙaramin makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto na diaphragm na iya zama hanyar da za ku bi.
Ka tuna, abu mafi mahimmanci shine zaɓar makirufo wanda zai taimaka maka cimma mafi kyawun ingancin sauti don takamaiman bukatunku.
Yaƙin Mics: Condenser vs Lavalier
Idan ya zo ga zabar makirufo da ya dace don buƙatun samar da sauti, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a yi la’akari da su. Anan akwai wasu nassoshi don taimaka muku yanke shawara mai ilimi:
Shahararrun Nau'in Marufo
- Microphones na Condenser: Waɗannan mics yawanci sun fi kulawa kuma suna da kewayo mafi girma fiye da mics masu ƙarfi. Suna da kyau don aikin studio da kuma ɗaukar sauti mai yawa. Wasu shahararrun samfuran sun haɗa da AKG da Shure.
- Lavalier Microphones: Waɗannan ƙanana, wayoyi masu waya an tsara su don a sawa kusa da jiki kuma sun shahara don jawabai da gabatarwa. Ana kuma san su da lapel mics kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin TV da shirya fina-finai. Wasu shahararrun samfuran sun haɗa da Shure da Sennheiser.
Babban Bambanci Tsakanin Condenser da Lavalier Microphones
- Tsarin Karɓa: Mics na Condenser yawanci suna da fa'idar ɗaukar hoto, yayin da lavalier mics suna da tsarin ɗaukar hoto na kusa.
- Ƙarfin fatalwa: Mics na na'ura yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarfin fatalwa, yayin da lavalier mics ba sa.
- Suna: Condenser mics an san su don ingantaccen sauti kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin saitunan ƙwararrun ɗakin studio. Lavalier mics an san su da juzu'in su kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin saitunan rayuwa.
- Hankali: Na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto yawanci sun fi kulawa fiye da lavalier mics, wanda ke nufin za su iya ɗaukar ƙarin sautin hankali.
- Nau'in Sauti: Mics masu ɗaukar sauti suna da kyau don ɗaukar sauti masu yawa, yayin da lavalier mics sun fi dacewa don ɗaukar sautin murya.
- Angle: Ana yin amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa don yin aiki a kafaffen kusurwa, yayin da lavalier mics za a iya motsa su don dacewa da bukatun mai aiki.
- Tsarin Polar: Mics masu ɗaukar hoto yawanci suna da ƙirar polar cardioid, yayin da lavalier mics yawanci suna da tsarin polar na ko'ina.
Zabar Marufo Mai Kyau Don Bukatunku
- Idan kana neman makirufo don aikin studio, mic na na'ura yawanci shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Suna da hankali kuma suna iya ɗaukar sauti da yawa.
- Idan kana neman makirufo don saitunan rayuwa, mic na lavalier yawanci shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Suna da ƙanana kuma suna da yawa, kuma ana iya sawa kusa da jiki don amfani mara hannu.
- Idan kuna harbin bidiyo kuma kuna buƙatar makirufo wanda zai iya ɗaukar sauti daga nesa, mic na harbi yawanci shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. An tsara su don ɗaukar sauti daga takamaiman shugabanci kuma suna da kyau don ɗaukar tattaunawa a cikin fina-finai da fina-finai na TV.
- Idan kana buƙatar makirufo mai hannu don wasan kwaikwayon murya, mic mai ƙarfi yawanci shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Suna da ɗorewa kuma suna iya ɗaukar matakan riba mai girma ba tare da murdiya ba.
- Idan kana buƙatar makirufo mara waya, duka na'ura mai kwakwalwa da lavalier suna samuwa a cikin nau'ikan mara waya. Nemo samfuran kamar Shure da Sennheiser don mics masu inganci masu inganci.
Ƙarin Abubuwan da za a Yi La'akari
- Gina Inganci: Nemo makirufonin da aka gina su da kyau kuma masu dorewa, musamman idan kuna shirin amfani da su a cikin ƙwararrun wuri.
- Marufofi da yawa: Idan kana buƙatar ɗaukar sauti daga tushe da yawa, yi la'akari da yin amfani da makirufo da yawa maimakon dogaro da mic guda ɗaya don yin aikin.
- Bambance-bambance: Nemo makirufo tare da fasahar bambance bambancen, wanda ke baiwa mic damar sarrafa yawancin sautuka ba tare da murdiya ba.
- Inci da Digiri: Yi la'akari da girman da kusurwar makirufo lokacin zabar madaidaicin mic ko hannu don riƙe shi a wurin.
- Suna: Nemo makirufo daga manyan samfuran ƙira tare da kyakkyawan suna don inganci da aminci.
Makirifo mai lavalier, wanda kuma aka sani da lapel mic, ƙaramar makirufo ce da za a iya yanka ta cikin tufafi ko a ɓoye cikin gashin mutum. Wani nau'in makirufo ne na na'ura wanda aka saba amfani dashi don yin rikodin sauti a cikin yanayi inda babban makirufo ba zai yi tasiri ba ko kuma a rufe.
- Ana amfani da microphones na Lavalier a cikin talabijin, fina-finai, da shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma a cikin maganganun jama'a da tambayoyi.
- Hakanan mashahurin zaɓi ne don yin rikodin kwasfan fayiloli da bidiyo na YouTube, saboda suna ba da damar mai magana ya zagaya cikin yardar kaina yayin da har yanzu yana ɗaukar sauti mai inganci.
Makarufin Condenser: Mik ɗin Mai Hankali Wanda ke ɗaukar Sauti na Halitta
Makarufan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto yana buƙatar tushen wuta, yawanci a cikin nau'in ikon fatalwa, don aiki. Wannan tushen wutar lantarki yana cajin capacitor, yana ba shi damar ɗaukar ko da ƙaramar sauti. Ƙirƙirar makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto yana ba shi damar zama mai mahimmanci kuma ya cimma nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, yana mai da shi babban zaɓi don rikodin sauti na halitta.
Ta yaya kuke Zaɓan Makirifo Mai Na'ura mai Kyau?
Lokacin neman makirufo, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da takamaiman bukatun aikin rikodin ku. Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da girma da ƙirar makirufo, nau'in tsarin ɗaukar hoto da yake amfani da shi, da ingancin abubuwan da aka haɗa. A ƙarshe, hanya mafi kyau don zaɓar makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto ita ce gwada samfura daban-daban kuma ganin wanda ke samar da ingancin sautin da kuke nema.
Fahimtar Tsarin Karɓa: Yadda ake Zaɓi Mafi kyawun Marufo don Bukatunku
Idan ya zo ga makirufo, tsarin karba yana nufin wurin da ke kusa da makirufo inda ya fi jin sauti. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda yana shafar ingancin sautin da kuke rikodi. Akwai manyan nau'ikan tsarin karba guda uku: cardioid, omnidirectional, da lobar.
Tsarin Karɓar Cardioid
Tsarin karban cardioid shine mafi yawan nau'in samfurin karban da ake samu a cikin makirufo na yau da kullun. Yana aiki ta hanyar ɗaukar sauti daga gaban makirufo yayin ƙin yarda da sautuna daga tarnaƙi da na baya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen hana hayaniyar da ba'a so da tsangwama daga shafar rikodin ku. Idan kana neman mic ɗin da zai iya ɗaukar sautuna da yawa a cikin saitin studio, mic na cardioid zaɓi ne mai kyau.
Tsarin Karɓar Madaidaicin Komai
Tsarin ɗaukar hoto na ko'ina yana ɗaukar sauti daidai daga kowane bangare. Wannan yana da taimako lokacin da kake son ɗaukar faɗuwar sautuka ko lokacin da kake son ƙara ɗan ƙarar hayaniyar baya ga rikodin ka. Ana yawan samun mics na omnidirectional a cikin lavalier microphones, waɗanda ke manne da jiki ko suturar mai magana. Suna kuma taimakawa lokacin yin rikodi a cikin a yanayi mai hayaniya (a nan ne mafi kyawun mics don hakan ta hanyar), kamar yadda za su iya ɗaukar sauti daga wuri mai faɗi.
Wanne Tsarin Karɓa ne Mafi Kyau a gare ku?
Zaɓin tsarin karban da ya dace ya dogara da takamaiman bukatunku. Idan kuna yin rikodi a cikin saitin studio kuma kuna son ware takamaiman sauti, mic na lobar yana da kyau. Idan kuna yin rikodi a cikin mahalli mai hayaniya kuma kuna son ɗaukar sauti iri-iri, mic na kai tsaye shine hanyar da zaku bi. Idan kuna son ɗaukar tushen sauti guda ɗaya yayin hana hayaniyar da ba'a so, mic na cardioid shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.
Fahimtar Tsarin Polar
Alamar Polar wata hanya ce ta komawa ga tsarin karba. Kalmar “polar” tana nufin siffar wurin da ke kewaye da makirufo inda ya fi jin sauti. Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan polar: cardioid, omnidirectional, adadi-8, da bindiga.
Hoto-8 Tsarin Polar
Siffar polar-8 tana ɗaukar sauti daga gaba da baya na makirufo yayin da yake ƙin sauti daga tarnaƙi. Wannan yana taimakawa lokacin yin rikodin mutane biyu waɗanda ke fuskantar juna.
Ƙarfafawa: Fahimtar Ƙarfin Fatalwa don Makarufan Condenser
Ƙarfin fatalwa wani wutan lantarki ne wanda ake ba da shi zuwa na'urar daukar hoto ta hanyar kebul na XLR. Ana buƙatar wannan ƙarfin don sarrafa na'urorin lantarki masu aiki a cikin makirufo, wanda yawanci ya haɗa da preamp da matakin fitarwa. Idan ba tare da ikon fatalwa ba, makirufo ba zai yi aiki ba.
Ta yaya Fatalwa Power ke Aiki?
Ana ba da ƙarfin fatalwa ta hanyar kebul na XLR iri ɗaya wanda ke ɗaukar siginar sauti daga makirufo zuwa na'urar rikodi ko na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Yawanci ana ba da wutar lantarki a ƙarfin lantarki na 48 volts DC, kodayake wasu makirufo na iya buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki. Wutar tana ƙunshe a cikin kebul ɗaya da siginar sauti, wanda ke nufin cewa kebul ɗaya kawai ake buƙata don haɗa makirufo zuwa na'urar rikodi.
Yadda Ake Bincika Idan Makirifon Naku Yana Bukatar Ƙarfin Fatalwa
Idan baku da tabbas ko makirufo na buƙatar ƙarfin fatalwa, duba ƙayyadaddun bayanai da masana'anta suka bayar. Yawancin makirufonin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto suna buƙatar ƙarfin fatalwa, amma wasu na iya samun baturi na ciki ko wata hanyar samar da wutar lantarki akwai. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don bincika matakin ƙarfin fatalwar da makirufo ɗinku ke buƙata, saboda wasu suna buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki fiye da wanda aka sani 48 volts.
Bambancin Tsakanin Ƙarfin Fatalwa da Ƙarfin Baturi
Yayin da wasu makirufo na iya samun baturi na ciki ko wata hanyar samar da wutar lantarki da ake samu, ikon fatalwa shine hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita don ƙarfafa microphones. Ƙarfin baturi na iya zama da amfani don saitin rikodi mai ɗaukuwa, amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna don duba matakin baturi kafin yin rikodi. Ƙarfin fatalwa, a gefe guda, ingantaccen tsari ne kuma madaidaiciyar hanya don ƙarfafa makirufo naka.
Kwararrun Ƙarfafa Kayan Aikin ku
Samun mafi kyawun sauti daga makirufo ɗin ku yana buƙatar fiye da shigar da shi kawai da kunna shi. Fahimtar fasahohin fasaha na ikon fatalwa da yadda yake da alaƙa da makirufo yana da mahimmanci don samun mafi kyawun aiki. Tare da ɗimbin bayanai da ake samu, yana da sauƙi don ƙarin koyo game da wannan muhimmin batu kuma ku zama ƙwararre wajen haɗawa da sarrafa kayan aikin ku.
Kammalawa
Microphones na Condenser da lavalier microphones duka suna da kyau ga yanayi daban-daban, amma idan yazo da rikodin sauti, kuna buƙatar zaɓar makirufo mai dacewa don aikin.
Don haka, lokacin da kuke neman makirufo, ku tuna kuyi la'akari da nau'in sautin da kuke nema, da takamaiman bukatunku.
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
