Ta yaya yake yin haka? Ta yaya sautin ke fitowa daga tushe zuwa lasifikar don ku ji shi?
Sigina mai jiwuwa wakilcin lantarki ne na sauti a cikin mitar mitar kewayon 20 zuwa 20,000 Hz. Ana iya haɗa su kai tsaye, ko samo asali daga makirufo ko transducer ɗauko kayan aiki. Gudun sigina ita ce hanya daga tushe zuwa lasifika, inda ake juyar da siginar sauti zuwa sauti.
Bari mu kalli menene siginar sauti da YADDA take aiki. Zan kuma tattauna nau'ikan sigina daban-daban da yadda ake saita siginar sigina don tsarin sauti na gida.
Fahimtar Ayyukan Siginar Sauti
Menene Ayyukan Siginar Sauti?
Shin kun taɓa mamakin yadda waƙoƙin da kuka fi so suke haduwa? To, duk godiya ce ga sarrafa siginar sauti! Sarrafa siginar sauti shine tsarin jujjuya sauti zuwa nau'ikan dijital, sarrafa mitocin sauti, da ƙara tasiri don ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar waƙa. Ana amfani da shi wajen yin rikodi, akan PC da kwamfutoci, har ma da na'urorin rikodi na musamman.
Farawa tare da sarrafa siginar sauti
Idan kuna sha'awar ƙarin koyo game da sarrafa siginar sauti, Gabatarwar Warren Koontz zuwa Sarrafa siginar sauti shine wuri mafi kyau don farawa. Ya ƙunshi mahimman abubuwan sauti da siginar sauti na analog, ƙididdigewa da ƙididdigewa zuwa dijital sauti sigina, lokaci da mitar sarrafa yanki, har ma da takamaiman aikace-aikace kamar ƙira mai daidaitawa, samar da sakamako, da matsar fayil.
Koyi Ayyukan Siginar Sauti tare da MATLAB
Mafi kyawun sashi game da wannan littafi shine ya zo da misalai da motsa jiki masu amfani da rubutun MATLAB da ayyuka. Wannan yana nufin zaku iya sarrafa sauti a ainihin lokacin akan PC ɗin ku kuma ku sami kyakkyawar fahimtar yadda sarrafa siginar sauti ke aiki.
Game da Author
Warren Koontz kwararre ne a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rochester. Yana da BS daga Jami'ar Maryland, MS daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, da Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Purdue, duk a injiniyan lantarki. Ya shafe fiye da shekaru 30 a Bell Laboratories suna haɓaka tsarin watsa dijital, kuma bayan ya yi ritaya, ya shiga cikin baiwa a RIT don taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar wani zaɓi na Fasahar Fasahar Audio. Koontz ya ci gaba da bincikensa a fannin injiniyan sauti kuma ya buga tare da gabatar da sakamakon bincikensa.
Kimiyya Bayan Canje-canjen Currents
Menene AC?
Alternating Currents (AC) kamar ɗan daji ne na wutar lantarki - ba sa zama a wuri ɗaya kuma koyaushe suna canzawa. Ba kamar Direct Current (DC) wanda kawai ke gudana ta hanya ɗaya ba, AC koyaushe yana canzawa tsakanin tabbatacce da korau. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi a cikin siginar sauti - yana iya sake ƙirƙirar sautuna masu rikitarwa tare da daidaito.
Yaya Yayi aiki?
Ana gyare-gyaren siginar sauti na AC don dacewa da yanayin sautin da ake sake bugawa, kamar dai yadda raƙuman sauti ke musanya tsakanin matsi mai girma da ƙasa. Ana yin wannan ta canza dabi'u biyu - mita da girma.
- Mita: Sau nawa sigina yana canzawa daga tabbatacce zuwa mara kyau.
- Girma: Matsayi ko ƙarar siginar, wanda aka auna cikin decibels.
Me yasa AC yayi girma sosai?
AC kamar jarumin wutar lantarki ne - yana iya yin abubuwan da sauran nau'ikan wutar lantarki ba za su iya ba. Yana iya ɗaukar hadaddun sautuna kuma ya juya su zuwa siginar lantarki, sannan kuma ya mayar da su cikin sauti. Yana kama da sihiri, amma tare da kimiyya!
Menene Gudun Sigina?
The Basics
Gudun sigina kamar wasan tarho ne, amma tare da sauti. Tafiya ce da sauti ke ɗauka daga tushensa zuwa kunnuwanku. Zai iya zama ɗan gajeren tafiya, kamar lokacin da kuke sauraron waƙoƙin da kuka fi so akan sitiriyo na gida. Ko kuma yana iya zama doguwar tafiya mai nisa, kamar lokacin da kuke cikin ɗakin karatu tare da dukan kararrawa da busa.
Nitty Gritty
Idan ya zo ga kwararar sigina, akwai tasha da yawa a kan hanya. Sautin zai iya wucewa ta cikin na'ura mai haɗawa, kayan aikin sauti na waje, har ma da dakuna daban-daban. Yana kama da babban tseren relay audio!
The amfanin
Kyakkyawan kwararar sigina shine cewa zai iya taimakawa inganta sautin ku. Zai iya taimaka maka sarrafa girma, ƙara tasiri, har ma da tabbatar da sautin yana zuwa wurin da ya dace. Don haka, idan kuna neman samun mafi kyawun sautin ku, to kuna son sanin kwararar sigina.
Fahimtar Siginonin Sauti
Menene Siginan Sauti?
Siginonin sauti kamar yaren masu magana ne. Su ne suke gaya wa masu magana da abin da za su faɗa da kuma yadda za su faɗa da ƙarfi. Su ne waɗanda ke sa kiɗan ku ya zama abin ban mamaki, fina-finanku su yi ƙarfi, kuma kwasfan fayiloli ɗinku suyi sauti kamar ƙwararriyar rikodi.
Wadanne Ma'auni ne ke Siffanta Siginonin Sauti?
Ana iya siffanta siginar sauti ta wasu sigogi daban-daban:
- Bandwidth: Wannan shine kewayon mitoci waɗanda siginar zata iya ɗauka.
- Matsayin Suna: Wannan shine matsakaicin matakin siginar.
- Matsayin Ƙarfi a cikin Decibels (dB): Wannan shine ma'aunin ƙarfin siginar dangane da matakin tunani.
- Matsayin Wutar Lantarki: Wannan shine ma'auni na ƙarfin siginar dangane da tauyewar hanyar siginar.
Menene Matsaloli Daban-daban na Siginonin Sauti?
Siginonin sauti suna zuwa cikin matakai daban-daban dangane da aikace-aikacen. Anan ga saurin saukar da matakan gama gari:
- Matsayin Layi: Wannan shine daidaitaccen matakin don ƙwararrun na'urorin haɗakarwa.
- Matakan Mabukaci: Wannan matakin ƙasa ne fiye da matakin layi kuma ana amfani dashi don kayan aikin mai jiwuwa.
- Level Mic: Wannan shine matakin mafi ƙanƙanta kuma ana amfani dashi don makirufo.
Mene Ne Yake Ma'anar?
A taƙaice, siginar sauti kamar yaren masu magana ne. Suna gaya wa masu magana da abin da za su faɗa, yadda za a faɗi da ƙarfi, da yadda ake sa kiɗan ku, fina-finai, da kwasfan fayiloli su yi kyau. Don haka idan kuna son sautin naku ya yi sauti mafi kyau, kuna buƙatar fahimtar sigogi daban-daban da matakan siginar sauti.
Menene Digital Audio?
Menene?
Sautin dijital shine nau'in dijital na siginar sauti. Ana amfani da shi a cikin kowane nau'in plug-ins mai jiwuwa da software na kayan aikin sauti na dijital (DAW). Ainihin, bayanan ne ke wucewa ta cikin DAW daga waƙar sauti zuwa filogi da fitar da kayan aiki.
Yaya ake jigilar shi?
Ana iya aika sauti na dijital akan igiyoyi iri-iri, gami da:
- Tantancewar fiber
- Coaxial
- Tsuntsaye biyu
Bugu da kari, ana amfani da lambar layi da ka'idar sadarwa don yin sigina na dijital don matsakaicin watsawa. Wasu shahararrun abubuwan jigilar sauti na dijital sun haɗa da:
- AL'ADA
- TDIF
- TOS-LINK
- S / PDIF
- AES3
- MADI
- Audio akan Ethernet
- Sauti akan IP
To Menene Duk Wannan Ma'anar?
A cikin sharuddan layman, sauti na dijital hanya ce ta aika siginar sauti akan igiyoyi da ta iska. Ana amfani da shi a cikin kowane nau'in plug-ins mai jiwuwa da software na kayan aikin sauti na dijital (DAW). Don haka, idan kai mawaki ne, m, ko injiniyan sauti, da alama kun yi amfani da sauti na dijital a wani lokaci a cikin aikinku.
Gudanar da Siginonin Sauti
Menene Sarrafa Sigina?
sarrafa sigina hanya ce ta ɗaukar siginar sauti, kamar sauti, da canza ta ta wata hanya. Kamar ɗora sauti, toshe shi cikin kwamfuta, sannan a yi amfani da ɗimbin ƙulle-ƙulle da bugun kira don sa sautin ya bambanta.
Me Zaku Iya Yi Tare da Gudanar da Sigina?
Ana iya amfani da sarrafa sigina don yin kowane irin sanyi abubuwa tare da sauti. Ga wasu daga cikin yiwuwar:
- Za a iya tace mitoci masu girma ko ƙananan.
- Ana iya jaddada wasu mitoci ko rage su tare da mai daidaitawa.
- Za'a iya ƙara sautin masu jituwa tare da murdiya.
- Ana iya sarrafa girman girma tare da kwampreso.
- Ana iya ƙara tasirin kiɗa kamar reverb, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, da jinkiri.
- Za'a iya daidaita girman siginar gaba ɗaya tare da fader ko ƙarawa.
- Ana iya haɗa sigina da yawa tare da mahaɗa.
Mene Ne Yake Ma'anar?
A taƙaice, sarrafa sigina hanya ce ta ɗaukar sauti da sanya shi sauti daban-daban. Kuna iya ƙara sauti ko laushi, ƙara tasiri, ko ma haɗa sautuna da yawa zuwa ɗaya. Yana kama da samun filin wasan sonic don yin wasa a ciki!
Menene Transduction?
The Basics
Canjawa shine tsarin juyar da sauti zuwa siginar lantarki. A wasu kalmomi, shine tsarin juya raƙuman sauti zuwa 0s da 1s. Kamar gadar sihiri ce tsakanin duniyar zahiri da dijital.
'Yan wasan
Akwai manyan 'yan wasa guda biyu a cikin wasan canja wuri:
- Microphones: Waɗannan masu fassara suna ɗaukar igiyoyin sauti suna juya su zuwa siginar lantarki.
- Masu magana: Waɗannan masu fassara suna ɗaukar siginar lantarki suna juya su cikin igiyoyin sauti.
Nau'ikan
Lokacin da ya zo ga watsawa, akwai manyan nau'ikan siginar sauti guda biyu: analog da dijital. Analog shine ainihin kalaman sauti, yayin da dijital shine sigar 0s da 1s.
The tsari
Tsarin watsawa abu ne mai sauki. Da farko, za a ci karo da igiyar sauti ta marufin marufi. Wannan capsule yana canza makamashin injina na girgiza zuwa wutar lantarki. Wannan halin yanzu ana haɓakawa kuma ana canza shi zuwa siginar dijital. A ƙarshe, wannan siginar dijital tana mayar da ita zuwa igiyar sauti ta mai magana.
Kimiyyar Funky
Har ila yau kunnuwanmu suna juya sauti zuwa siginar lantarki, amma waɗannan sigina ne na ji, ba siginar sauti ba. Sigina na saurare don ji ne, yayin da siginar sauti na fasaha ne.
Don haka a can kuna da shi - jagora mai sauri da sauƙi don fassarawa. Yanzu zaku iya burge abokan ku da ilimin ku na tsarin sihiri na juya raƙuman sauti zuwa 0s da 1s!
Fahimtar Sikelin Decibel
Menene Decibel?
Lokacin da kuka kalli mitar sigina, kuna kallon bayanin decibel. Decibels suna auna ƙara ko girman sauti. Ma'auni ne na logarithmic, ba na layi ba, wanda ke nufin yana iya auna ɗimbin matakan ƙarfin sauti. Kunnen mutum wata na'ura ce mai ban mamaki da za ta iya gano sautin faɗuwar fil a kusa da ita, da kuma ƙarar injin jet daga nesa.
Rukunin Auna Hayaniya
Lokacin da kuka auna matakan amo tare da mitar matakin sauti, zaku auna ƙarfin amo a cikin raka'a decibel (dB). Mitar sauti tana amfani da nuni tare da kewayon decibel da ƙudiri don kusanta da ƙarfin kuzarin kunne. Zai yi wuya a kera mitar matakin sauti wanda ke da aikin layi, don haka ana amfani da ma'aunin logarithmic, ta amfani da 10 a matsayin tushe.
Matakan Decibel na Sauti na gama gari
Ga jerin matakan decibel na sautuna gama gari:
- Kusa-jimlar shiru - 0 dB
- Rawasi - 15 dB
- Laburare - 45 dB
- Tattaunawa ta al'ada - 60 dB
- Ruwan bayan gida - 75-85 dB
- Gidan cin abinci mai hayaniya - 90 dB
- Hayaniyar kololuwa akan sashin asibiti - 100 dB
- Baby kuka - 110 dB
- Injin jet - 120 dB
- Porsche 911 Carrera RSR Turbo 2.1-138 dB
- Balloon popping - 157 dB
Nau'in Decibels
Idan yazo ga sauti, akwai nau'ikan decibels da yawa:
- SPL (Matsalolin Sautin Sauti): yana auna sauti na ainihi (marasa sigina), wanda aka auna tare da mitar SPL na musamman.
- dBFS (Cikakken Sikelin Decibels): yadda ake auna matakan siginar dijital a cikin duniyar 0s da 1s, inda iyakar ƙarfin sigina =0 akan mita.
- dBV (Decibels Volt): galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin kayan aikin analog ko software na dijital wanda ke kwaikwayon kayan analog. Mitocin VU suna yin rijistar matsakaitan matakan sauti, sabanin tsayin mita, waɗanda ke nuna mafi ƙarar sigina na ɗan lokaci. A farkon lokacin sautin analog, tef ɗin maganadisu baya iya yin rikodin siginar sauti mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da tef ɗin maganadisu da aka samar shekaru da yawa bayan haka, don haka ya zama karɓuwa don yin rikodin sama da 0 dangane da tef ɗin da ake amfani da shi, har zuwa +3 ko +6. ko ma mafi girma.
Fahimtar Tsarin Sauti
Menene Tsarin Sauti?
Lokacin da kuke rikodin sauti, kuna buƙatar yanke shawarar yadda za'a adana shi. Wannan yana nufin zabar tsarin sauti mai kyau, zurfin bit, da ƙimar samfurin. Yana kama da ɗaukar saitunan kyamara daidai don hoto. Kuna iya zaɓar ingancin JPEG (ƙananan, matsakaici, babba) ko yin rikodin iyakar adadin daki-daki a cikin fayil ɗin RAW.
Tsarin sauti kamar tsarin hoto ne - .png, .tif, .jpg, .bmp, .svg - amma don sauti. Tsarin sauti yana bayyana adadin bayanai da ake amfani da su don wakiltar sauti, ko an matsa shi ko a'a, da kuma irin bayanan da ake amfani da su.
Sauti mara nauyi
Idan ya zo ga samar da sauti, yawanci za ku so ku tsaya tare da sautin da ba a matsawa ba. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya sarrafa yadda ake rarraba sautin. Ko da kana amfani da dandali kamar Vimeo, YouTube, ko Spotify, za ka so ka fara sanin sautin a cikin tsari mara nauyi.
Sauti mai matsewa
Idan kana aiki da kiɗa, ƙila za ka buƙaci damfara fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa idan ya yi girma da yawa don dandalin rarrabawa. Misali, Distrokid yana karɓar fayiloli har zuwa 1GB kawai. Don haka idan waƙarku ta yi tsayi da gaske, dole ne ku danne ta.
Mafi na kowa fayil Formats ga samar da music ne WAV da FLAC. FLAC tsari ne na matsawa mara asara, wanda ya fi mp3s kyau. Spotify ya bada shawarar yin amfani da tsarin AAC.
Ana fitarwa Audio
Lokacin da kake fitar da sauti azaman ɓangare na bidiyo, yawanci zaka sami ƴan saiti don zaɓar daga (misali YouTube, Vimeo, Wayar hannu, Yanar gizo, Apple Pro Res.). A audio za a samu matsa tare da video dangane da fitarwa saituna.
Idan kuna da yanayin amfani wanda bai dace da saitattun saiti ba, zaku iya yin ƙarin bincike akan layi don gano mafi kyawun saitunan.
Kwatanta Girman Fayil
Anan ga kwatancen girman fayil a cikin nau'ikan sauti daban-daban:
- WAV: babba
- FLAC: Matsakaici
- MP3: Karami
Don haka, kuna da shi! Yanzu ka san duk game da audio Formats.
Menene Zurfin Bit?
Zurfin bit kalma ce ta fasaha wacce ake amfani da ita don bayyana tsayayyen ƙudurin sigar igiyar sauti. Yana da ɗan kama da adadin wuraren ƙima da aka yi amfani da shi don wakiltar ɗaukacin fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa, kuma yana da maɓalli mai mahimmanci wajen tantance ɗaukacin inganci da ƙudurin sauti.
Tushen Zurfin Bit
Zurfin Bit duka shine game da kewayon ƙimar da aka yi amfani da su don wakiltar mafi ƙaranci da sigina mafi natsuwa waɗanda za a iya yin rikodin su a matsakaicin dijital. Anan ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da abubuwan yau da kullun:
- Ƙimar zurfin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan sautin raƙuman sauti.
- Zurfin Bit kuma yana bayyana jimlar adadin wurare na ƙima don duk 0s da 1s da aka yi amfani da su don wakiltar duk fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa.
- Mafi yawan ma'aunin zurfin bit shine 16-bit da 24-bit. Yawancin raƙuman da aka yi amfani da su, girman fayil ɗin sauti, kuma mafi girman inganci ko ƙuduri zai kasance.
- Ana bayyana sautin CD a matsayin matsakaici 16-bit, yayin da DVD na iya kunna sauti 16, 20 ko 24.
Zurfin Bit A Matsayin Ƙirƙirar Siga
Zurfin zurfafa ba kawai kalmar fasaha ba - kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman siga mai ƙirƙira. Misali, akwai nau'ikan kiɗan lantarki da ake kira Chiptune wanda ke yin kwaikwayi yadda sauti ke yin sauti lokacin da aka kunna a farkon ƙarni na kwamfutoci masu sarrafa na'urori 8-bit.
Don haka idan kuna neman ƙara ɗan ɗanɗanon lo-fi a cikin sautinku, zurfin bit tabbas wani abu ne da yakamata kuyi la'akari. Kawai tuna cewa ƙarin ragi da aka yi amfani da su, girman fayil ɗin sauti kuma mafi girman inganci ko ƙuduri zai kasance.
Kammalawa
Yanzu kun san komai game da siginar sauti azaman WAKILIN sauti azaman sigina a cikin nau'in girgizar lantarki ko na inji. Yadda muke jin kiɗa da yadda muke rikodin ta. Yadda muke raba shi da wasu da kuma yadda muke jin daɗinsa akan na'urorinmu.
Don haka, kada ku ji tsoro don farawa da shi kuma ku sami nishaɗi!
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
