Wanene Antonio de Torres Jurado? Antonio de Torres Jurado dan kasar Sipaniya ne haske wanda ake ganin uban zamani ne na gargajiya guitar. An haife shi a La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería a cikin 1817, kuma ya mutu a Almería a 1892.
An haife shi a La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería a cikin 1817 a matsayin ɗan mai karɓar haraji Juan Torres da matarsa Maria Jurado. Ya yi kuruciyarsa a matsayin koyan kafinta, kuma an sa shi aikin soja na ɗan lokaci yana ɗan shekara 16 kafin mahaifinsa ya yi nasarar sauke shi daga hidima a bisa dalilin rashin lafiyarsa. An tura matashi Antonio nan da nan zuwa aure tare da 3 mai shekaru Juana María López, wanda ya ba shi 'ya'ya 3. A cikin waɗannan yara uku, biyu ƙanana sun mutu, ciki har da Juana wanda ya mutu daga baya yana da shekaru 25 daga cutar tarin fuka.
An yi imani (amma ba a tabbatar ba) cewa a cikin 1842 Antonio Torres Jurado ya fara koyon sana'ar guitar daga José Pernas a Granada. Ya dawo a Seville kuma ya bude shago inda ya kirkiro nasa guita. A nan ne ya yi mu’amala da mawaka da yawa da kuma tsara wakoki, wadanda suka ingiza shi ya kirkiri sabbin gita-gita da za su iya amfani da su wajen wasan kwaikwayo. Sanannen abu, Antonio ya ɗauki shawara daga mashahuran mawaƙa kuma mawaki Julián Arcas kuma ya fara aikinsa na farko akan guitar na zamani.
Ya sake yin aure a shekara ta 1868, kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a Sevile har zuwa 1870 lokacin da shi da matarsa suka ƙaura zuwa Almería inda suka bude kantin sayar da kaya da crystal. A can ya fara aiki akan ƙirarsa ta ƙarshe kuma mafi shaharar ƙirar guitar, ƙirar Torres. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1892, amma har yanzu ana kunna gitarsa a yau.
Rayuwa da Gadon Antonio Torres Jurado
Farkon Rayuwa da Aure
An haifi Antonio Torres Jurado a La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería a cikin 1817. Shi ɗan mai karɓar haraji ne Juan Torres da matarsa Maria Jurado. Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 16, an sa Antonio shiga soja, amma mahaifinsa ya yi nasarar fitar da shi daga hidima a ƙarƙashin ƙaryar cewa ba shi da lafiya. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya auri Juana María López kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya uku, biyu daga cikinsu sun mutu cikin baƙin ciki.
Haihuwar Guitar Na Gargajiya Na Zamani
An yi imanin cewa a cikin 1842, Antonio ya fara koyon sana'ar guitar daga José Pernas a Granada. Bayan ya koma Seville, sai ya bude shagon nasa ya fara kera nasa gita. A nan, ya yi hulɗa da mawaƙa da mawaƙa da yawa waɗanda suka ingiza shi don ƙirƙira da ƙirƙirar sababbin guitar. Ya ɗauki shawara daga mashahuran mawaƙa kuma mawaki Julián Arcas kuma ya fara aiki akan gita na zamani.
A shekara ta 1868, Antonio ya sake yin aure kuma ya koma Almería tare da matarsa, inda suka bude kantin sayar da kaya da crystal. A nan, ya fara aiki na ɗan lokaci kan gina gita, wanda ya ci gaba da cikakken lokaci bayan mutuwar matarsa a 1883. A cikin shekaru tara masu zuwa, ya ƙirƙiri kusan guitar 12 a shekara har mutuwarsa a 1892.
Legacy
Guitar da aka yi a cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na Antonio an ɗauke su a matsayin mafi girma fiye da kowane guitar da aka yi a Spain da Turai a lokacin. Samfurinsa na guitar ba da daɗewa ba ya zama zane ga dukkan gitatan sauti na zamani, waɗanda aka kwaikwaya kuma aka kwafi a duk faɗin duniya.
A yau, guitars har yanzu suna bin ƙirar da Antonio Torres Jurado ya saita, tare da kawai bambanci shine kayan gini. Abin da ya gada yana ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin waƙar yau, kuma tasirinsa a tarihin kiɗan na zamani ba shi da tabbas.
Antonio de Torres: Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfafa Guitar Legacy
Lambobi
Kayayyaki nawa Torres da kansa ya gina? Babu wanda ya san tabbas, amma Romanillos ya kiyasta adadin a kusan gita 320. Ya zuwa yanzu, an gano 88, tare da gano wasu da yawa tun daga lokacin. Jita-jita yana da cewa Torres har ma ya ƙera guitar da za a iya rushewa wanda za'a iya haɗawa kuma a raba shi cikin mintuna - amma shin akwai gaske? Shin yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin 200+ da aka lalata, batattu, ko ɓoye a ɓoye?
Farashin Tag
Idan an taɓa jarabtar ku don yin tayin kan guitar Torres, ku kasance cikin shiri don biyan dubban ɗaruruwan daloli. Yayi kama da farashin violin da Antonio Stradivari yayi - kasa da 600 na violin nasa sun tsira, kuma sun zo da alamar farashi mai kauri. Tattara tsoffin gita-gita na gargajiya bai tashi da gaske ba har zuwa shekarun 1950, yayin da kasuwar tsofaffin violin ke da ƙarfi tun farkon ƙarni na 20. Don haka, wa ya sani - watakila wata rana za mu ga an sayar da Torres akan adadi bakwai!
Waƙar
Amma menene ya sa waɗannan kayan aikin na musamman? Shin tarihin su ne a cikin ƙirar guitar, yanayin su, ko ikon su na yin kyawawan kiɗa? Yana yiwuwa haɗuwa da duka ukun. Arcas, Tárrega, da Llobet duk an zana su zuwa gatar Torres don sautinsu, kuma har yau, waɗanda ke da ƙwararrun kunnuwa sun yarda cewa Torres ba ya jin kamar kowane guitar. Wani mai bita a cikin 1889 har ma ya kwatanta shi a matsayin "haikalin motsin rai, Arcanum na yalwar da ke motsawa da jin daɗin zuciyar da ke tserewa cikin nishi daga waɗannan zaren waɗanda suke da alama masu kula da waƙoƙin ƴan mata."
Sheldon Urlik, wanda ke da gitatar Torres guda hudu a cikin tarinsa, ya ce game da ɗayansu: “Tsaftar sautin, tsaftar katako, da ingantaccen ingancin kiɗan daga wannan gitar kamar abin banmamaki ne.” ’Yan wasan sun kuma lura da yadda gitar Torres ke da sauƙin yin wasa, da kuma yadda suke jin daɗin lokacin da aka zare igiya - kamar yadda David Collett ya faɗa, “Gitar Torres yana ba ku damar yin tunanin wani abu, kuma guitar tana yin hakan.”
Asiri
To menene sirrin wadannan kayan aikin? Dukansu Antonios – Torres da Stradivari – sun sami matakin fasaha wanda ba za a iya kwafi su gabaɗaya ba. An yi nazarin violin na Stradivari tare da x-rays, electron microscopes, spectrometers, and dendrochronological analysis, amma sakamakon bai cika ba. Hakanan an yi nazarin kayan aikin Torres, amma har yanzu akwai wani abu da ya ɓace wanda ba za a iya kwafi ba. Torres da kansa ya ba da nasa tunanin game da wannan, yana cewa a wani liyafar cin abinci: "Ba na amfani da wasu kayan aikin sirri, amma ina amfani da zuciyata."
Kuma wannan shine ainihin sirrin da ke bayan waɗannan kayan aikin - sha'awa da motsin zuciyar da ke shiga cikin kera su.
Samfurin Juyin Juya Hali na Antonio de Torres Jurado
Tasirin Antonio Torres Jurado
Gitar Mutanen Espanya kamar yadda muka san shi a yau yana da bashi mai yawa ga Antonio de Torres Jurado - kayan aikinsa sun sami yabo da kuma gane su ta hanyar manyan mawaƙa irin su Francisco Tarraga, Federico Cano, Julian Arcas, da Miguel Llobet. Samfurinsa shine ya fi dacewa da gitar kide kide, kuma shine ginshikin yin irin wannan gitar.
Farkon Rayuwar Antonio de Torres Jurado
An yi imanin cewa Antonio de Torres Jurado ya sami damar saduwa da koyon buga guitar tare da shahararren Dionisio Aguado lokacin yana matashi. A 1835, ya fara aikin kafinta. Ya yi aure ya haifi ‘ya’ya hudu, uku daga cikinsu sun rasu. Daga baya, matarsa kuma ta rasu bayan shekaru 10 dangantaka. Bayan shekaru da yawa, ya sake yin aure kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya hudu.
Tarihin Antonio de Torres Jurado
Gadon Antonio de Torres Jurado yana rayuwa ta hanyar tsarin juyin juya hali na guitar ta Sipaniya:
– An yaba da kuma gane kayan aikin sa daga wasu manyan mawakan kata na kowane lokaci.
– Samfurinsa shine ya fi dacewa da gitar kide kide, kuma shine ginshikin yin irin wannan gitar.
– Ya sami damar koyo daga sanannen Dionisio Aguado lokacin yana ƙarami.
- Ya fuskanci bala'o'i da yawa a rayuwarsa, amma gadonsa zai rayu.
Antonio de Torres Jurado: Jagora na Woodcraft
Granada
An yi imani Antonio de Torres Jurado ya kammala kwarewar aikin katako a Granada, a cikin bita na Jose Pernas - mashahurin mai yin guitar a lokacin. Shugabannin gitarsa na farko suna da kamanceceniya da na Pernas'.
Seville
A cikin 1853, Antonio de Torres Jurado ya tallata ayyukansa a matsayin mai yin guitar a Seville. A wani baje kolin kayan aikin hannu a wannan birni, ya sami lambar yabo - wanda ya ba shi suna da kuma karrama shi a matsayin mai luthier.
Almeria
Ya koma tsakanin Seville da Almeria, inda ya yi guitar a 1852. Ya kuma yi guitar mai suna "La Invencible" a 1884, a Almeria. A cikin 1870, ya koma Almeria na dindindin kuma ya sami dukiya don siyar da kayan kwalliya da gilashi. Daga 1875 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1892, ya mai da hankali kan yin guitar.
A cikin 2013, Antonio de Torres Jurado An ƙirƙira Gidan Tarihi na Guitar Mutanen Espanya a Almeria don girmama wannan babban mai yin guitar.
Antonio de Torres' 1884 "La Invencible" Guitar
Uban Guitar Mutanen Espanya na Zamani
Antonio de Torres Jurado kwararre ne daga Almeria na kasar Sipaniya wanda ake dauka a matsayin uban gitar Mutanen Espanya na zamani. Ya kawo sauyi ga al'adun gargajiya na yin guitar, gwaji da haɓaka hanyoyin nasa don ƙirƙirar kayan kida masu inganci. Ƙwarewarsa da ƙirƙira ya ba shi matsayi na farko a cikin masu yin kata, kuma wasu daga cikin ƙwararrun mawaƙa na zamaninsa sun yaba wa guitars ɗinsa, kamar su Francisco Tárrega, Julián Arcas, Federico Cano, da Miquel Llobet.
Guitar "La Invencible" na 1884
Wannan guitar ta 1884 ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki a cikin tarin mawaƙa Federico Cano, wanda aka nuna a cikin nunin kasa da kasa a Sevilla a shekara ta 1922. An yi shi da zaɓaɓɓun bishiyoyi waɗanda ba za a iya samun su a yau ba, kuma yana da siffofi guda uku. saman spruce, itacen fure na Brazil guda biyu baya da tarnaƙi, da farantin suna na azurfa tare da monogram "FC" da sunan "La Invencible" (The Invincible One).
Sautin wannan Guitar bashi da misaltuwa
Sautin wannan guitar ba shi da misaltuwa. Yana da bass mai zurfi mai ban mamaki, mai daɗi kuma mai ratsawa, da dorewa da iyaka mara iyaka. Harmonics ɗinsa sihiri ne tsantsa, kuma tashin hankali yana da taushi da jin daɗin yin wasa. Ba abin mamaki ba ne an ayyana wannan guitar ta Al'adun Ƙasa!
Restoration
Akwai wasu tsage-tsafe masu tsayi a baya da gefen gitar, wasu daga cikinsu master luthiers Ismael da Raúl Yague sun riga sun gyara su. Za a gyara ragowar tsagewar nan ba da jimawa ba, sannan za mu iya nuna cikakkiyar damar sa ba tare da yin haɗari da lalacewa daga igiyoyin guitar ba.
Kayan Aikin
An san gitar Torres da su:
– Arziki, cikakken sauti
– Kyawawan sana’a
– Na musamman fan bracing tsarin
– Masu tarawa da mawaƙa suna nema sosai.
FAQ
Ta yaya Antonio Torres ya ƙirƙira guitar?
Antonio Torres Jurado ya ƙirƙira gita na zamani ta hanyar ɗaukar nau'ikan gita na gargajiya na Turai tare da haɓaka su, bisa shawarar mashahuran mawaƙi kuma mawaki Julián Arcas. Ya ci gaba da inganta zanensa har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1892, yana samar da tsari don duk gitatan sauti na zamani.
Wanene ɗan wasa na farko da ya fara yin waƙar da ya ji daɗi da kuma bikin gitar Torres?
Julián Arcas shine mawaƙin ɗan wasa na farko da ya ji daɗi da kuma bikin gitatar Torres. Ya ba Torres shawara game da gini, kuma haɗin gwiwarsu ya mayar da Torres ya zama mai binciken gine-gine na guitar.
Guitaren Torres nawa ne akwai?
Akwai gitar Torres da yawa, saboda ƙirarsa ta siffata aikin kowane mai yin gita tun kuma har yanzu mawaƙa na gargajiya suna amfani da su a yau. Kayayyakin nasa sun sa gitar wasu masu yin kafinsa ya daina aiki, kuma wasu manyan ’yan wasan guitar ne suka nemi shi a Spain.
Menene Antonio Torres ya yi don sa guitar ta yi kyau?
Antonio Torres ya kammala siffa mai ma'ana ta faifan sauti na guitar, yana mai da shi girma da sirara tare da takalmin gyare-gyaren fan don ƙarfi. Ya kuma tabbatar da cewa saman ne, ba baya da gefen gitar da ke ba wa kayan aikin sautinta ba, ta hanyar gina guitar da baya da gefuna na takarda.
Kammalawa
Antonio de Torres Jurado ɗan luthier ne mai juyi wanda ya canza yadda ake yin gita da wasa. Ya kasance ƙwararren ƙwararren masani ne wanda ya ƙirƙiri wasu fitattun kayan kida a duniya. Abubuwan da ya gada na rayuwa a yau a cikin nau'in katarsa, wanda har yanzu wasu manyan mawakan duniya ke bugawa. Ba za a iya musun tasirinsa a duniyar guitar ba kuma gadonsa zai ci gaba da ƙarfafa tsararraki masu zuwa. Idan kuna sha'awar ƙarin koyo game da Antonio de Torres Jurado da aikinsa mai ban mamaki, akwai albarkatu da yawa da ake samu akan layi. Don haka, kar a yi jinkiri don nutsewa da bincika duniyar wannan abin mamaki mai ban mamaki!
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
